Effects of increased pCO(2) and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. I. The phytoplankton community and biogeochemical response

The North Atlantic spring bloom is one of the largest annual biological events in the ocean, and is characterized by dominance transitions from siliceous (diatoms) to calcareous (coccolithophores) algal groups. To study the effects of future global change on these phytoplankton and the biogeochemical cycles they mediate, a shipboard continuous culture experiment (Ecostat) was conducted in June 2005 during this transition period. Four treatments were examined: (1) 12 degrees C and 390 ppm CO2 (ambient control), (2) 12 degrees C and 690 ppm CO2 (high pCO(2)) (3) 16 degrees C and 390 ppm CO2 (high temperature), and (4) 16 degrees C and 690 ppm CO2 ('greenhouse'). Nutrient availability in all treatments was designed to reproduce the low silicate conditions typical of this late stage of the bloom. Both elevated pCO(2) and temperature resulted in changes in phytoplankton community structure. Increased temperature promoted whole community photosynthesis and particulate organic carbon (POC) production rates per unit chlorophyll a. Despite much higher coccolithophore abundance in the greenhouse treatment, particulate inorganic carbon production (calcification) was significantly decreased by the combination of increased pCO(2) and temperature. Our experiments suggest that future trends during the bloom could include greatly reduced export of calcium carbonate relative to POC, thus providing a potential negative feedback to atmospheric CO2 concentration. Other trends with potential climate feedback effects include decreased community biogenic silica to POC ratios at higher temperature. These shipboard experiments suggest the need to examine whether future pCO2 and temperature increases on longer decadal timescales will similarly alter the biological and biogeochemical dynamics of the North Atlantic spring bloom.

Diterpenoids from Euphorbia wallichii

Object To study the chemical constituents of Euphorbia wallichii.Methods The constituents were repeatedly separated and purified on silica gel column.They were identified on the basis of spectral methods.Results Nine diterpenoids were obtained from the roots of E. wallichii.Among them jolkinol B(I) is lathyrane type;caudicifolin (Ⅱ),helioscopinolides A(Ⅲ),C(Ⅳ),and E(Ⅴ) belong to abietane type;while ent-atisane-3β,16α,17-triol(Ⅵ),ent-16α,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one(Ⅶ),ent-3β,(13S)-dihydroxyatis-16-en-14-one(Ⅷ),and ent-2-hydroxy-atis-1,16(17)-dien-3,14-dione(Ⅸ) possess an ent-atisane skeleon.Conclusion All of them are isolated from E. wallichii for the first time.

青海湖鸟岛地区草地植物群落特征的研究

青海湖鸟岛地区草地群落共出现种子植物63种,隶属43属,19科,以北温带成分为主;从湖滨到典型地带性植被,物种多样性指数变化可以分为两大类型;随着高度增加,物种多样性呈现倒U型变化,沿着水平梯度物种多样性基本上逐渐增加.可以分为禾草、豆科固氮植物、非禾本科草类和半灌木功能组,物种水平与功能组水平的多样性、均匀度和丰富度相关系数分别为0.279,0.436,0.019,均没有达到显著相关,功能组水平的多样性指数具有与物种水平不同的性质.

智能控制系统的信息集成与建模

本文从智能化角度，以信息与控制的分层递阶结构作为信息集成与建模基础，用概率模型描述和控制智能机器人系统或智能控制系统的各种功能，用熵作为处理多种信息（活动）不确定性的测度，探究信息集成和概率建模的通用模式，用实际应用的几个事例简要说明文中方法的有效性。

都龙锡锌矿床锡石和锆石U-Pb年代学：滇东南白垩纪大规模花岗岩成岩-成矿事件

都龙锡锌矿床是我国最大的锡石硫化物矿床之一.由于缺少可靠的年代学数据,对该矿床的成因尚存在较大争议.本文报道了利用锡石和锆石U-Pb法,首次获得的都龙锡锌矿床及相关的燕山晚期老君山花岗岩的年龄.其中,锡石TIMS法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为79.8±3.2Ma（MSWD=3.16）,^238U/^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb等时线年龄为82.0±9.6Ma（MSWD=4.81）;隐伏花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为92.9±1.9Ma（N=10,MSWD=0.71）,花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为86.9±1.4Ma（N=9,MSWD=3.70）,表明锡（铜）矿化主要与晚白垩世岩浆热液活动有关.结合个旧、白牛厂两个超大型矿床和相关花岗岩体的年代学资料,指示滇东南地区于白垩纪存在以锡矿化为特色的大规模花岗岩成岩-成矿事件,可能与晚中生代以来华南地块岩石圈伸展有关.

钾长石中的铅及其对成矿的贡献

在中一酸性岩浆岩、碱性岩浆岩、片麻岩及混合岩等岩石类型中，钾长石是含铅最高的造岩矿物，其铅含量是全岩铅含量的2～10倍，云母类矿物铅含量的3～16倍，石英铅含量的6～32倍。早元古代、太古宙岩石中钾长石含量低，钾长石中的铅占全岩铅含量的比例低于10％，中元古代以来的碱性岩浆岩、富含钾长石的花岗岩和变质岩，钾长石含量增高，其中所含的铅占全岩铅的比例明显增大，钾长石含量达50％～70％的碱性岩，钾长石中的铅约占全岩总铅量的70％～95％。钾长石在后期极易发生水热蚀变，转变为绢云母、方解石、石英等，在这种转变过程中，铅大量析出进入流体相。这种变化能够为后期铅的成矿提供成矿物质。

非生物成因天然气的稳定同位素地球化学特征与判据

本采自松辽盆地的天然气进行了化学组分和氦、碳同位素分析。经空气校正后的氦同位素组成为 ~3He/~4He＝0.26 * 10~(-6)～7.48 * 10~(-6)，相应的幔源氦的贡献额为 2.3%～63%，显示了明显的幔源氦信息，表明松辽盆地天然气藏中有幔源挥发份加入。烃类气藏甲烷的灿位素组成为 δ~(13)C＝-53.3‰～-16.7‰，δ~(13)C小于-25‰ 的甲烷是生物成因的产物，δ~(13)大于-25‰的甲烷则可能是非生物成因的。甲烷及其同系物的碳同位素组成存在两类不同的分配模式。正序排列的分析模式，即 δ~(13)C_(CH_4) < δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6) < δ~(13)C_(C_3H_8) < δ~(13)C_(C_4H_(10))，表明了生物成因天然气的特征，而反序排列的分配模式，即 δ~(13)C_(CH_4) > δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6) > δ~(13)C_(C_3H_8) > δ~(13)C_(C_4H_(10))的存在则暗示了松辽盆地存在非生物成因的商业天然气藏。模拟原始太阳星云中地球吸积区条件进行了原始宇宙成因烃类的合成实验（费托反应）。对合成气进行了碳同位素组成分析，并结合反应机理讨论了费托反应中碳同位素的分馏和原始宇宙成因烃类的碳同位素分配模式。反应合成气中二氧化碳具有最重的碳同位素组成。甲烷及其同系物的碳同位素分配模式具有与生物成因烃类完全不同的反序排列特征，即 δ~(13)C_(CH_4) > δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6) > δ~(13)C_(C_3H_8) > δ~(13)C_(C_4H_(10))，这表明由原始宇宙成因烃类构成的非生物成因天然气中甲烷及其同系物的碳同位素分配的反序排列的。对非生物成因天然气的判识应依靠多项指标。作为灵敏的幔源挥发份示踪剂的氦同位素是非生物成因天然气有效的间接指示剂，甲烷及其同系物碳同位素的反序排列分配模式加上重的碳同位素组成可作为非生物成因天然气的可靠的内在指标。松辽盆地的区域构造特征，天然气中显著的幔源氦的存在，较重的甲烷同位素组成 (δ~(13)C_(CH_4) > -25‰)和甲烷及其同系物碳同位素的反序排列充分证明了松辽盆地存在非生物成因的商业天然气藏。

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of N-(2-cyanoethyl) aniline (C9H10N2)

The low temperature heat capacities of N-(2-cyanoethyl)aniline were measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 83 to 353 K. The temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the apparent heat capacity in the fusion interval, molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of this compound were determined to be 323.33 +/- 0.13 K, 19.4 +/- 0.1 kJ mol(-1) and 60.1 +/- 0.1 J K-1 mol(-1), respectively. Using the fractional melting technique, the purity of the sample was determined to be 99.0 mol% and the melting temperature for the tested sample and the absolutely pure compound were determined to be 323.50 and 323.99 K, respectively. A solid-to-solid phase transition occurred at 310.63 +/- 0.15 K. The molar enthalpy and molar entropy of the transition were determined to be 980 +/- 5 J mol(-1) and 3.16 +/- 0.02 J K-1 mol(-1), respectively. The thermodynamic functions of the compound [H-T - H-298.15] and [S-T - S-298.(15)] were calculated based on the heat capacity measurements in the temperature range of 83-353 K with an interval of 5 K. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF LN(NO3)(3) (LN=EU,LU) COMPLEXES WITH A CROWN-ETHER (16-CROWN-5)

The crystal structures of Ln(NO3)(3)(Ln = Eu,Lu) complexes with 16-crown-5 are reported. In [Eu(NO3)(2)(CH3CN)(16-crown-5)][Eu(NO3)(4)(H2O)2].1/2(16-crown-5) one Eu-III ion is coordinated to two bidentate nitrate ions, one acetonitrile molecule and five o