利用3对引物鉴定产毒和非产毒微囊藻

根据微囊藻毒素合成酶基因簇序列 ,合成了 3对引物epF/mb1R ,mcF/teR ,mcF/umR ,通过全细胞PCR的方法检测了 19种不同来源微囊藻产毒的情况。 3种引物对 15株产毒微囊藻中均可扩增到预期大小的片段 ,测序结果证明这些片段是微囊藻毒素合成酶基因片段。PCR反应结果与HPLC分析所得到的结果有良好的对应性。在此基础上 ,初步确定了 3对引物检测产毒微囊藻对细胞浓度要求的下限。与其它引物相比 ,3对引物的特异性强 ,扩增条带大小适中 ,便于观察

Effects of gibberellin A(3) on growth and microcystin production in Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanophyta)

Environmental. factors that affect the growth and microcystin production of microcystis have received worldwide attention because of the hazards microcystin poses to environmental safety and public health. Nevertheless, the effects of organic anthropogenic pollution on microcystis are rarely discussed. Gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) is a vegetable hormone widely used in agriculture and horticulture that can contaminate water as an anthropogenic pollutant. Because of its common occurrence, we studied the effects of GA3 on growth and microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) PCC7806 with different concentrations (0.001-25mg/L) in batch culture. The control was obtained without gibberellin under the same culture conditions. Growth, estimated by dry weight and cell number, increased after the GA3 treatment. GA3 increased the amounts of chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and cellular-soluble protein in the cells of M. aeruginosa PCC7806, but decreased the accumulation of water-soluble carbohydrates. In addition, GA3 was observed to affect nitrogen absorption of the test algae, but to have no effect on the absorption of phosphorus. The amount of microcystin measured by enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) increased in GA3 treatment groups, but the stimulatory effects were different in different culture phases. It is suggested that GA3 increases M. aeruginosa growth by stimulating its absorbance of nitrogen and increasing its ability to use carbohydrates, accordingly increasing cellular pigments and thus finally inducing accumulation of protein and microcystin. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ce~(3+)在稀土取代的卤磷酸盐中的发光与能量传递的研究

本工作用固相反方法、以炭保护或在N_2-H_2还原气氛中，两次灼烧，合成了一系列烯土取代的卤磷酸盐发光体，其反应是M_2~ICO_3 + M_3~(II)(PO_4)_2 + M_2~(III)O_3 + (NH_4)_2HPO_4 + M~(II)F_2 → M_x~IM_(10-2x)~(II)M_x~(III)(PO_4)_6F_2 + NH_3 + H_2O式中：M~I = Li~+, Na~+, K~+; M~(II) = Ca~(2+), Sr~(2+); M~(III) = Y~(3+), La~(3+), Gd~(3+); X = 0.5, 1, 2, 3。通过X－射线分析法和以Eu~(3+)作为荧光离子探针方法确定了样品的物相和晶体结构，表明它与M_(10)~(II)(PO_4)_6F_2同属六方晶系(Pb_3/m)。并用图解外推法求得样品的晶胞参数a和c分别为9.41和6.89 A。在研究了M~I, M~(II)和M~(III)为不同阳离子，X为不同值时，取代物的物相和结构变化以及对Ce~(3+)发光和能量传递影响规律的基础上，以Na_2Ca_6La_2(PO_4)_6F_2为基本体系比较详细地研究了Ce~(3+)的发光，Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+), Ce~(3+)-Re~(3+) (Re~(3+) = Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Tb~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Tm~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Er~(3+))以及Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+) (Re~(3+) = Dy~(3+), Nd~(3+))的能量传递。实验发现，Na_2Ca_6La_2(PO_4)_6F_2:Ce~(3+)是较强的紫外光发射体，发射谱带是由338和358nm两个宽带峰组成的，相应于~2D-~2F_(5/2)和~2D-~2F_(1/2)跃迁。发射强度和~2D-~2F_(6/2)，~2D-~2F_(7/2)两种辐射跃迁几率相对大小与温度，Ce~(3+)的浓度有关；F~-含量对发射强度也有强烈的影响。我们认为，浓度和温度的影响是由于Ce~(3+)-Ce~(3+)的能量迁移作用。实验发现，Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化Mn~(2+)的发光，得到高效的黄色荧光发射体。Ce~(3+)对Re~(3+)的作用可以分为三类：A）. Ce~(3+)-Sm~(3+)、Tb~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Tm~(3+)；B）．Ce~(3+)-Nd~(3+)，Pr~(3+)；C）. Ce~(3+)-Ho~(3+), Er~(3+)。在A，B类型中，Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化这些稀土离子，但能量传递效率(η_T)_A > (η_T)_B。在Ce~(3+)-Ho~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Er~(3+)类型中，Ho~(3+)、Er~(3+)不产生可见辐射，Ce~(3+)的发射强度也显著降低。在Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)三元中心体系中，Ce~(3+)的能量可直接传递给Mn~(2+)和Re~(3+)中心，还可通过Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)的途径传递。通过研究中心离子的浓度效应，温度效应、测定激发光谱、荧光光谱、荧光衰减曲线的荧光寿命，能够证实：在Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)、Ce~(3+)-Re~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)-Re~(3+)的能量传递属于无辐射共振传递相互作用类型。符合M. Yokata等人提出的偶极－偶极相互作用扩散限制传递历程。我们还利用Ce~(3+)、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+)、Ce~(3+)-Re、Ce~(3+)-Mn~(2+))-Re~(3+)激活体系中Ce~(3+)的发射强度和荧光寿命等数据计算了Ce~(3+)的能量传递效率。发现两种结果相差较大，为了准确地表达Ce~(3+)的敏化效果，在分析上了产生这种误差的原因后，提出了两种传递效率表示式(η_f, η_R)。

用光化学方法氧化Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Ce~(3+)离子

本文内容包括Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Ce~(3+)的光氧化。研究了各种因素对氧化率或四价离子生成量的影响。在Tb~(3+)光氧化的基础上，建立了混合钇族稀土中Tb的光化学分析法及混合稀土中Tb的化学氧化分析方法。Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)的光氧化是开创性的工作，Tb的分析方法具有一定的应用价值。1 Ce~(3+)d HZO_3－HClO_4体系中的光氧化 用低压汞灯（254nm)、高压汞灯(366nm)和氩离子激光器(351/364nm, 458 nm, 477nm, 502 nm, 514, nm)光辐照Ce~(3+)-HZO_3-HClO_4溶液，Ce~(3+)发生光氧化反应，生成Ce(ZO_3)_4沉淀 。在低压汞灯254 nm波段可获得较高的氧化率，具它波段下的氧化率低，以低压汞灯为光源辐照。研究了温度、光强、酸度、Ce~(3+)初始浓度及辐照时间对氧化率的影响。降低酸度，选择较高的温度和较大的光强，有利于Ce~(3+)的光氧化。2 Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化 用高压汞灯（366nm)光辐照Tb~(3+)-KIO_4-KOH溶液，首次实现了Tb~(3+)的光氧化。研究了碱度、络合剂浓度，Tb~(3+)初始浓度、辐照面积，光强和辐照时间等因素对Tb~(4+)生成的影响。测定了Tb(IV)/Rb(III)的氧化还原电势。适宜的KOH浓度应大于0.3M，KIO_4的浓度要比Tb~(3+)初始浓度大几个数量级。当KOH=0.6M, KIO_4=0.22M, 温度为13 ℃时。E_(Tb(IV)/Tb(III))=0.68优，生成的Tb~(4+)可溶性络离子为红棕色，最大吸收峰在420nm附近，比较稳定。3 用光氧化法分析钇族混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化反应，建立了钇族混合稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。在高压汞灯366nm的光辐照不无色的Tb~(3+)转变为红棕色的Tb~(4+)，其谱带的吸收峰值在420nm，其它三价钇族稀土无此反应，故无千扰，在Tb的分析浓度范围为1*10~(-5)M - 1*10~(-3)M时，符合Beer定律，Tb在钇族混合稀土中含量的分析最低限为0.2%。此方法可用于萃取钇族稀土过程中Tb的分析，方法简便快速。4 用化学氧化法分析混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8体系中的氧化反应，建立了混和稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。Tb~(3+)-KzO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8溶液加热，Tb~(3+)被氧化的Tb~(4+)，其颜色由无色转变为红棕色，最大吸收峰在420nm。Ce~(3+)加入KIO＿4－KOH溶液后，立即被完全氧化为Ce~(4+), Ce~(4+)在420nm也有吸收，其干扰可以在本底中排除，其它三价稀土离子在此体系中不能发生氧化反应，故无干扰。在Tb的分析浓度范围为5*10~(-5)-5*10~(-4)M时，符合Beer定律，Tb在混合稀土中含量分析的最低限为1％。此方法可用于萃取稀土过程中Tb的分析和监控，方法简便快速。5 Pr~(3+)在KZO_4－KOH体系中的光氧化用高压汞灯光辐照Pr~(3+)-KZO_4-KOH溶液，首次实现了Pr~(3+)的光氧化。生成的Pr~(4+)为棕褐色，最大吸收峰在400nm附近，稳定性较差，在水溶液中发生自还原反应。按Pr~(4+)在400nm的吸收峰值，研究了辐照时间，Pr~(3+)初始浓度，KOH浓度、KZO＿4浓度及Ce~(4+)共存时对Pr~9(4+)生成的影响。相应增加KOH及KZO＿4用量，有利于Pr~(4+)的生成，Ce~(4+)对Pr~(3+)的光氧化无所谓的“带同氧化作用”。

Ce~(3+)在复合氟化物基质中的发光研究

采用高温固相反应合成了K_5LnLi_2F_(10):Ce (Ln = La, Ce, Gd, Y)体系，K_2NaAlF_6:Ce和KAlF_4:Ce体系、MAlF_5:Ce(M = Ca, Sr, Ba)体系及ABF_3:Ce (A = Li, Na, K, B = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn)体系的磷光体，同时，对SrAlF_5:Ce和BaAlF_5:Ce还采用沉淀法合成。生长3BaAlF_5:Ce和SrAlF_5:Ce的单晶。用X－射线衍射法检验了粉末基质的结构，用X－射线四元衍射仪解出了SrAlF_5单晶的结构，即属于四方晶系，空间群为I 4－bar, z = 8，晶胞参数为14.035 A和7.146 A。并测定了各体系磷光体的激发光谱和发射光谱，对BaAlF_5:Ce单晶还测定了吸收光谱和反射光谱。得到了Ce~(3+)在复合氟化物基质中发光的某些规律。Ce~(3+)激活的复合氟化物磷光体由于Ce-F键存在较强的离子性而具有紫外发光特征。Ce~(3+)激活的K_5LnLi_2F_(10)磷光体，由于基质结构的特殊性，使得Ce~(3+)发射波长几乎不随Ln~(3+)的改变而变化和计量比的K_5CeLi_2F_(10)发光体的浓度猝灭小。在同结构的ABF_3:Ce磷光体中，随着基质阳离子的φ~(1/2) = (z·α·X/γ)~(1/2)(z为电荷，α为极化率，X为电负性，γ为半径）值增大，其发射峰兰移。其原因是φ~(1/2)值增加，使Ce-F键的性质发性了改变，从而导致了Ce~(3+)的激发态与基态的能级差增加。Ce~(3+)在复合氟化物中，主要取代离子本性（半径，电荷，电负性等）与其相近的基质阳离子。但Ce~(3+)在AMgF_3(A = Na~+,K~+)基质中，同时可以取代A~+或Mg~(2+)离子，形成两种不同的发光中心。Ce~(3+)在SrAlF_5晶体中，由于取代两种不同格位的Sr~(2+)离子，也形成两种不同的发光中心，由于两种发光中心的性质不同，所以，它们的光谱结构明显不同。BaAlF_5:Ce和SrAlF_5:Ce晶体的光谱数据为设计Ce~(3+)的5d-4f跃迁的可调谐激光晶体材料提供了必要的、可靠的实验数据。

邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶基因克隆、定位和高效表达

采用特异性引物 ,以菲、芘降解菌株ZL5的代谢性质粒为模板 ,扩增出邻苯二酚 2 ,3-双加氧酶 (C2 3O)基因 .将该基因和表达载体pET - 30a(+)连接 ,转化E .coliJM10 9(DE3) ,获得了高效表达的转化子 .SDS -PAGE结果表明 ,转化子的C2 3O蛋白不仅在细胞内存在 ,而且能被分泌到胞外 ,薄层扫描显示 ,转化子细胞内和细胞外表达蛋白总量占细胞总蛋白的 4 2 % .酶活分析表明 ,分布在转化子细胞内、外的表达蛋白都具有较高的C2 3O比活力 .Southern杂交将菌株ZL5的C2 3O基因定位在内生质粒的不同酶切片段上 .图 5表 1参 12

黄土高原南部3种农田土壤剖面坚实度的变化规律

为了揭示黄土高原南部地区不同质地类型土壤剖面坚实度的变化及其与土壤含水率的定量关系,以黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表的粘化层耕作剖面为研究对象,定位观测其0~45 cm土壤坚实度与含水率的变化。结果表明,黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表粘化层耕作剖面的犁底层平均坚实度均大于耕层,犁底层平均坚实度较耕层分别高194.8%,87.3%,10.4%;剖面土壤质地越粘其平均坚实度越大;土壤坚实度与含水率呈负相关关系;土壤坚实度变化速率为0时,以上3种土壤剖面临界含水率分别为0.1712,0.1757,0.1835;质地不同的土壤剖面坚实度时空变化特征有差异,其中黄墡土剖面0~20 cm土层土壤坚实度为350~500 kPa,受土壤含水率变化的影响较小;20~30 cm土层土壤的坚实度为500~1400 kPa,不易受外界环境影响;30 cm以下土层土壤坚实度为700~1600 kPa,受土壤含水率变化影响较大。土娄土剖面0~40 cm土层土壤坚实度为600~1200 kPa,受含水率变化影响较大;40 cm以下土层土壤坚实度稳定在1 800 kPa左右。粘化层剖面0~15 cm土层土壤坚实度在2000 kPa左右,受环境影响较...

黄土丘陵沟壑区1∶1万及1∶5万比例尺DEM地形信息容量对比

黄土丘陵沟壑区地形变化异常复杂 ,1∶5万地形图对原始 1∶1万地形图等高线形态综合、取舍程度很大 ,这些都在不同程度上影响了地形分析结果的准确性。以高精度的 1∶1万比例尺DEM为校准值 ,运用 1∶1万及 1∶5万比例尺DEM叠合比较分析的方法 ,研究 1∶5万DEM的地形信息容量及提取不同地形要素的精度。试验结果表明 ,在黄土丘陵区 ,与 1∶1万DEM相比 ,1∶5万DEM在所提取的地面坡度、地面曲率、沟壑量等地形定量指标方面均都存在着较大的误差。

Highly 3,4-Selective Polymerization of Isoprene with NPN Ligand Stabilized Rare-Earth Metal Bis(alkyl)s. Structures and Performances

Deprotonation of (ArNHPPh2NAr2)-N-1 (H[NPN](n), n = 1 - 10) by Ln(CH2SiMe3)(3)(THF)(2) (Ln = Lu, Y, Sc, Er) generated a series of rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes [NPN](n)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF)(2) (1-10), which under activation with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)(4)] and AliBu(3) were tested for isoprene polymerization. The correlation between catalytic performances and molecular structures of the complexes has been investigated. Complexes 1-5 and 8, where Ar-1 is nonsubstituted or ortho-alkyl-substituted phenyl, adopt trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The Ar-1 and Ar-2 rings are perpendicular in 1-4 and 8 but parallel in 5. When Ar-1 is pyridyl, the resultant lutetium and yttrium complexes 9a and 9b adopt tetragonal geometry with the ligand coordinating to the metal ions in a N,N,N-tridentate mode, whereas in the scandium analogue 9c, the ligand coordinates to the Sc3+ ion in a N,N-bidentate mode. These structural characteristics endow the complexes with versatile catalytic performances, With increase of the steric bulkiness of the ortho-substituents Ar-1 and Ar-2, the 3,4-selectivity increased stepwise from 81.6% for lutetium complex 1 to 96.8% for lutetium complex 6 and to 97.8% for lutetium complex 7a. However, further increase of the steric bulk of the ligand led to a slight drop of 3,4-selectivity for the attached complex 5 (95.1%).

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of a samarium complex Sm(TTA)(3)phen

The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties of a samarium complex Sm(TTA)(3)phen (TTA = 2-thenoyltri-fluoroacetonate, phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline) were investigated. The results show that Sm(TTA)3phen could be used as promising luminescent and electron transporting material in the electroluminescent devices. The difference between PL and EL spectra was noticed and discussed. Besides, it is noteworthy that the choice of the hole transporting layer (HTL) showed significant effect on the device performance, which was explained by the low-lying highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) level of Sm(TTA)3phen and the different hole injection barrier at the HTL/EML (emitting material layer) interface.

稀土螯合物BCPDA-Eu~(3+)标记蛋白质研究

通过自制的双功能螯合剂 4 ,7 二氯磺基苯 1,10啡啉 2 ,9二羧酸 (BCPDA)标记牛血清白蛋白(BSA)实验 ,对于BCPDA标记蛋白质的条件进行研究。结果表明 :BCPDA在温和的条件下能与蛋白质反应 ,并在一定条件下与铕离子形成稳定的BSA BCPDA Eu3+ 标记物。利用自建的分析方法 ,测定了标记过程的有关参数。并对标记物的某些光学特性进行了研究。

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor based on Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and dehydrogenase immobilized in sol-gel/chitosan/poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) composite material

A new electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing ECL reagent Ru(bPY)(3)(2+) and alcohol dehydrogenase in sol-gel/chitosan/poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) organically modified composite material. The component PSS was used to immobilize ECL reagent Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) by ion-exchange, while the addition of chitosan was to prevent the cracking of conventional sol-gel-derived glasses and provide biocompatible microenvironment for alcohol dehydrogenase. Such biosensor combined enzymatic selectivity with the sensitivity of ECL detection for quantification of enzyme substrate and it was much simpler than previous double-layer design. The detection limit was 9.3 x 10(-6) M for alcohol (S/N = 3) with a linear range from 2.79 x 10(-5) to 5.78 x 10(-2) M. With ECL detection, the biosensor exhibited wide linear range, high sensitivity and good stability.

Highly sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence produced at Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) in Eastman-AQ55D-carbon nanotube composite film electrode

The electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemilurninescence (ECL) of tris(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) ion-exchanged in Eastman-AQ-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films were investigated at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Eastman-AQ55D is a poly (ester sulfonic acid) cation exchanger available in a commercial dissolved form. It is much more hydrophilic than Nafion due to its unique structure, so Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) does not diffuse into the hydrophobic region where it may lose its electroactivity as that in Nafion. The interfused CNT could act as electronic wires that connect the electrode with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), which made the composite film much more electronically which finally led to the increasing of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) conductive. Besides, the negatively charged CNT could also absorb some Ru(bpy)(3)(2+). Moreover, the strong electrostatic interaction between AQ and Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) made the composite films much more stable. The combination of AQ and CNT brings excellent sensitivity with the detection limit as low as 3 x 10(-11) M for TPA.

Preparation and luminescence properties of ormosil hybrid materials doped with Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen complex via a sol-gel process

In this paper, silica-based transparent organic-inorganic hybrid materials were prepared via the sol-gel process. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) were used as the inorganic and organic precursors, respectively. The terbium complex, Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen (Tfacac = 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone, phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline) was successfully doped into organically modified silicate (ormosil) matrix derived from TEOS and GPTMS, and the luminescent properties of the resultant ormosil composite phosphors [ormosil/Th(Tfacac)(3)phen] were investigated compared with those of the Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen incorporated into SiO2 derived from TEOS (labeled as silica/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen). Both kinds of the materials show the characteristic green emission of Tb3+ ion. The luminescence behavior of the resultant composite products was dependent on the matrix composition. The optimized lanthanide complex concentration in the ormosil/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen was increased compared with in silica/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen. Furthermore, the lifetime of Tb3+ in Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen, silica/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen and ormosil/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen follows the sequence: onmosil/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen>silica/Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen>pure Tb(Tfacac)(3)phen.

Crystal structure of a luminescent complex Sm(HTH)(3)Phen

The crystal structure of Sm(HTH)(3)Phen [HTH: 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-hexanedione, Phen: 1,10-Phenanthroline] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the coordination geometry of Sm atom is a dodecahedron. The complex can give the characteristic luminescence of Sm3+ upon UV excitation.