153 resultados para transgenic kelp


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The F-4 generation of human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic red common carp Cyprinus carpio had significantly higher growth rates than the non-transgenic controls. Protein and energy intakes were significantly higher in the transgenic carp than in the controls fed the 20% protein diet, but were not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Faecal protein loss, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diets with 20 and 30% protein, but was not different between the two strains Fed diet with 40% protein. Faecal energy loss, as a proportion of energy intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diet with 20% protein, but was not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Recovered protein, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly higher in the transgenics than in the controls fed all diets, whereas recovered energy was significantly higher in the transgenic fish fed the 40% protein diet. For fish fed each diet, the transgenics had significantly higher body contents of dry matter and protein, but lower contents of lipid than the controls. It was concluded that transgenics were more efficient in utilizing dietary protein than the controls. it a lower dietary protein level; transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly by increasing feed intake; at higher levels of dietary protein, transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly through a higher energy conversion efficiency. (C) 1998 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

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BACKGROUND: Previously, tachyplesin gene (tac) has been successfully transferred into Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes using the method of microprojectile bombardment transformation. The objectives of this study were to compare and evaluate the performance of bubble-column and airlift bioreactors to determine a preferred configuration of bioreactor for vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes, and to then investigate the influence of light on vegetative propagation of these gametophytes, including incident light intensity, photoperiod and light quality to resolve the problems of rapid vegetative propagation within the selected bioreactor. RESULTS: Experimental results showed that final dry cell density in the airlift bioreactor was 12.7% higher than that in the bubble-column bioreactor under the optimal aeration rate of 1.2 L air min(-1) L-1 culture. And a maximum final dry cell density of 2830 mg L-1 was obtained within the airlift bioreactor using blue light at 40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) with a light/dark cycle of 14/10 (h). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that genes (bar and tac) were not lost during rapid vegetative propagation within the airlift bioreactor. CONCLUSION: The airlift bioreactor was shown to be much more suitable for rapid vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes than the bubble-column bioreactor in the laboratory. The use of blue light allows improvement of vegetative propagation of transgenic U. pinnatifida gametophytes. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

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We used nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Roundup Ready soybean in aquatic feeds and feeding tilapias. A template concentration of 10(-10) g mu L-1 DNA solution could be detected with a dilute degree of 0.01%. Most (90.6%) of the aquatic feeds containing soybean byproduct included exogenous DNA segments. We also compared genetically modified (GM) soybean with non-GM soybean diets in feeding tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT strain) and examined the residual fragments (254 bp) of GM soybeans. Tilapias receiving GM soybean diets had DNA fragments in different tissues and organs, indicating that exogenous GM genes were absorbed systemically and not completely degraded by the tilapia's alimentary canal.

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利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术从Alcaligenes eutrophus H16染色体DNA中扩增并克隆了调控聚-3-羟基丁酸(poly-3-hydroxy-butyrate,PHB)生物合成的两个关键酶基因:依赖NADPH的乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶基因(phbB)和PHB合成酶基因(phbC)。限制性内切酶图谱和核苷酸序列分析证实了克隆结果,并表明克隆的基因与国外所报道的有很高的同源性。经过基因拼接,构建了块茎特异性表达的高等植物表达载体pPSAGB(嵌合phbB)、pBIBGC(嵌合phbC)和pPSAGCB(嵌合phbB和phbC)。并以试管薯(microtuber)为外植体经Agrobacterium介导转化了虎头、京丰、Bintje、Favorita、高原4号和88-5共6个马铃薯品种,获得49个株系。经PCR检测导入phbB的株系共有44个,对其中30个株系进行DNA dot blot分析,结果表明phbC导入呈阳性的株系有20个。深入的鉴定工作还在进行中。

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低温是限制植物分布和生物产量的一个重要环境因子。低温的危害也是农业生产上经常遭受的主要自然灾害之一。改良作物的抗寒性是植物科学研究的一个重要课题。植物基因工程的兴起为此目的提供了有力的手段。 大量的研究证明,低温对植物的伤害,首先是使生物膜发生相变和相分离。因此,保持低温下生物膜功能性的液晶态是抗寒的重要机制。研究表明,生物膜这种具流动性的功能态的保持,是与其组成上的膜脂脂肪酸的不饱和度成正相关的。 已有几个关于通过提高膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度的基因操作而增加植物抗寒性的报道。在众多的植物脂肪酸去饱和酶中,硬脂酰ACP去饱和酶(SAD)是最为关键的酶之一。它催化脂肪酸的第一步去饱和反应:18:0-18:l¨。多不饱和脂肪酸是在1 8:1 中由其他去饱和酶再加入双键而生成的。因此,SAD的活性水平是决定植物膜脂不池和度的一个关键因素。 本研究以酸酚法提取的菠菜总RNA为材料,采用反转录一PCR的方法,克隆得到SAD基因,经定向缺失法获得一套该基因的缺失突变体后,用DNA 自动测序仪和双脱氧链终止法测序。获得的SAD基因序列与Nishlda(1992)等发表的菠菜sADcDNA核苷酸序列比较。两者的编码SAD的ORF都为ll97bp,核苷酸差异仅为8bp。但令人惊奇的是我们克隆到的基因,其5‘端上游还存在-个小的ORF,长30bp.编码10个氨基酸。其他报道的SAD基因中都没有这个ORF。 将克隆到的SAD基因构建成两个植物双元表达载体:正义的pB112-13和反义的pB112-6。用叶盘法转化烟草。DNA点杂交和Southern杂交筛选出转基因植株。抗寒性测定表明:当植株置于6'C40小时,转基因植株和对照的相对电导率比较一致,无明显改变;而在88小时,pB121-6转化植株和对照的相对电导率明显升高,以pB1121-6植株升高更多,但pB1121-13转化植株的相对电导率始终保持在较低水平。短暂冰冻处理(-20'C,4O分钟)后置室温下4天,pBl121-6转化烟草总叶绿素含量损失最多,对照次之,而pB1121-13转化烟草中多数植株总叶绿素损伤量都低于其他两种烟草。从这两个抗寒性测定实验,可判定pBl l 2 l—I 3烟株最抗寒,对照次之,而pB1121-6烟株最不抗寒。 由于pB1121-13是增强转基因烟草中SAD活性,而pB1121-6是削弱SAD基因的表达,因此.本研究首次证明通过SAD的基因工程可以改变植物的抗寒性。

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细胞分裂素是一类重要的植物激素,它参与调节许多植物的生命活动过程。本文从几个方面研究了细胞分裂素的作用。 在细胞分裂素的活性测定中,通过改进尾穗蔸苋红素合成法建立了一种简便、准确的生物试法,同时还建立了根据物理化学和免疫学原理而测定细胞分裂素的HPLC和ELISA方法,使得细胞分裂素的定量更加准确。经过对上述三种方法的相互验证实验表明,同时采用二种方法可以保证细胞分裂素分析的准确和可靠。 细胞分裂素可以促进黄瓜子叶的扩张。利用离体黄瓜子叶,分析BA诱发其扩张与子叶内源细胞分裂素之间的关系,实验证明,BA能促进玉米素及其核苷的迅速积累,进而诱发子叶的扩张。上述结果还表明,黄瓜子叶可能具有合成细胞分裂素的能力。 荸荠球茎是一种贮藏器官,但实验测定发现其中含有细胞分裂素的生理活性形式——异戊烯基腺嘌呤核苷(iPA),而且合成它的前体腺嘌呤的含量也十分丰富,考虑到球茎与种子的类似之处,推测它可能做为合成细胞分裂素的一个源,而且其合成途径可能有别于植物其它组织。 农杆菌中的异戊烯基转移酶(ipt)基因是负责细胞分裂素生物合成的关键基因。将ipt基因克隆后对其启动子进行了改造,分别构建了如下三种基因:(1) ipt启动子+ipt编码区和3,区(ipt),(2)磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基启动子SSU 301+ipt编码区和3,区(SSU -ipt),(3)豌豆种子特异性启动子viciln+ipt编码区和3,区(vic-ipt)。上述三种基因经农杆菌介导转化烟草,获得了16株再生植株,经Southern杂交证明其中15株的基因组上含有正常整合的ipt基因。Northern杂交表明有13株转基因烟草中的ipt基因能转录出大小正常的ipt mRNA并促进了细胞分裂素的生物合成。 实验表明,转基因烟草中ipt基因的表达受到多种因素的调控。首先启动子决定了ipt基因的表达模式,SSU -ipt基因的表达受光的诱导,黑暗中这种基因的转录完全停止,而vic-ipt基因的表达是种子特异性的,它不在烟草营养生长器官如根、茎、叶和愈伤组织中表达。第二,生长素能降低ipt基因的表达活性。第三,在整体植物的根中,存在某些反式因子,能够控制ipt基因的过量表达,这其中可能涉及到细胞内的蛋白因子、基因的甲基化作用及细胞分裂素的反馈调节等。 vic-ipt基因在烟草种子中的特异性表达导致种子内形成了一个细胞分裂素合成的源(source)。对种子中营养物质积累的研究表明,ipt基因的表达促进了种子干物质的积累,其中作用最明显的是增加种子内蛋白质的合成。转入vic-ipt基因后的烟草种子其萌发率没有显著变化,但幼苗的生长速率明显加快,这表明细胞分裂素能调节植株的生长。 通过Northern杂交检测转基因烟草中基因表达的调控,实验证明,ipt基因的表达明显抑制一组植物病理相关蛋白(PR)基因的转录活性,这组基因编码:几丁质酶,β-1,3一葡萄糖苷酶,伸展蛋白和渗调蛋白。对这些调控作用的生理学意义还有待进一步探索。 上述结果表明,在高等植物中,除了传统上认为根是合成细胞分裂素的部位之外,其它组织和器官也具有合成细胞分裂素的能力,其中合成能力最强的是一些离体组织和贮藏器官。农杆菌中的细胞分裂素生物合成基因(ipt)能够在高等植物的基因组中正常的整合和表达,并受到植物体内生理、发育等多种因素的调控,而与整体植物的正常生理过程协调一致。ipt基因的表达还能够调节植物体的生长和发育,包括种子发育时营养物质的积累、幼苗的生长和某些相关基因的表达。对上述问题的深入研究,必将促进细胞分裂素及其相关生理学和发育学研究的进展。

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本文应用反义基因技术对减法杂交和差异筛选所获得的春化相关基因CDNA克隆( Verc203)的功能进行鉴定。将Vcrc203插入PB1221质粒的CaMV35S启动子与GLIS基因之间构成表达载体,采用花粉管途径转基因法导入冬小麦胚,得到300粒种子。将上述处理的冬小麦种子萌发后在2-4℃处理28天,转入自然条件下栽培。以幼叶为材料提取基因组DNA,以Gus基因片断为探针,用点杂交法筛选获得转基因植株.转基因植株在自然条件下生长三个月未见抽穗, 而同样栽培条件下的对照(未经转基因处理的冬小麦,经相同条件春化处理)则全部抽穗。以Vcrc203和Gus基因的部分序列为引物,在转基因材料的基因组DNA中扩增出Vcrc203反义基因序列,Gus活性检测表明Gus基因在转基因小麦的茎尖和叶片中得到表达。上述结果表明Vcrc203的反义基因已整合到冬小麦基因组内,并得到高效表达。转基因植株的发育受到严重影响,显示Vcrc203基因可能参与了冬小麦春化作用对植物发育进程的调控.