Mode analysis and Q-factor enhancement due to mode coupling in rectangular resonators

Modes in rectangular resonators are analyzed and classified according to symmetry properties, and quality factor (Q-factor) enhancement due to mode coupling is observed. In the analysis, mode numbers p and q are used to denote the number of wave nodes in the direction of two orthogonal sides. The even and odd mode numbers correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric field distribution relative to the midlines of sides, respectively. Thus, the modes in a rectangle resonator can be divided into four classes according to the parity of p and q. Mode coupling between modes of different classes is forbidden; however, anti-crossing mode coupling between the modes in the same class exists and results in new modes due to the combination of the coupled modes. One of the combined modes has very low power loss and high Q-factor based on far-field emission of the analytical field distribution, which agrees well with the numerical results of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Both the analytical and FDTD results show that the Q-factors of the high Q-factor combined modes are over one order larger than those of the original modes. Furthermore, the general condition required to achieve high-Q modes in the rectangular resonator is given based on the analytical solution.

Electric field tunable electron g factor and high asymmetrical Stark effect in InAs1-xNx quantum dots

The electronic structure, electron g factor, and Stark effect of InAs1-xNx quantum dots are studied by using the ten-band k center dot p model. It is found that the g factor can be tuned to be zero by the shape and size of quantum dots, nitrogen (N) doping, and the electric field. The N doping has two effects on the g factor: the direct effect increases the g factor and the indirect effect decreases it. The Stark effect in quantum ellipsoids is high asymmetrical and the asymmetry factor may be 319. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Hole Rashba effect and g-factor in InP nanowires

The hole Rashba effect and g-factor in InP nanowires in the presence of electric and magnetic fields which bring spin splitting are investigated theoretically in the framework of eight-band effective-mass envelop function theory, by expanding the lateral wave function in Bessel functions. It is well known that the electron Rashba coefficient increases nearly linearly with the electric field. As the Rashba spin splitting is zero at zero k(z) ( the wave vector along the wire direction), the electron g-factor at k(z) = 0 changes little with the electric field. While we find that as the electric field increases, the hole Rashba coefficient increases at first, then decreases. It is noticed that the hole Rashba coefficient is zero at a critical electric field. The hole g-factor at k(z) = 0 changes obviously with the electric field.

Magnetic field tuning of the effective g factor in a diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dot

The spin interaction and the effective g factor of a magnetic exciton (ME) are investigated theoretically in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum dot (QD), including the Coulomb interaction and the sp-d exchange interaction. At low magnetic field, the ME energy decreases rapidly with increasing magnetic field and saturates at high magnetic field for high Mn concentration. The ground state of the ME exhibits an interesting crossing behavior between sigma(+)-ME and sigma(-)-ME for low Mn concentration. The g(ex) factor of the ME in a DMS QD displays a monotonic decrease with increasing magnetic field and can be tuned to zero by an external magnetic field. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

Size limit and spontaneous emission factor for equilateral triangle semiconductor microlasers

The size of equilateral triangle resonator (ETR) needed for confining the fundamental mode is investigated by the total reflection condition of mode light rays and the FDTD numerical simulation. The confinement of the TM modes can be explained by the total reflection of mode light rays, and the confinement of the TE modes requires a larger ETR than the TM modes, which may be caused by excess scattering or radiation loss for the TE modes. With the multilayer staircase approximation, it is found that the spontaneous emission factor of the ETR lasers has the same form as that of strip waveguide lasers.

Multiplicity factor and diffraction geometry factor for single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and measurement of phase content in cubic GaN/GaAs(001) epilayers

On the basis of integrated intensity of rocking curves, the multiplicity factor and the diffraction geometry factor for single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were proposed and a general formula for calculating the content of mixed phases was obtained. With a multifunction four-circle X-ray double-crystal diffractometer, pole figures of cubic (002), {111} and hexagonal {1010} and reciprocal space mapping were measured to investigate the distributive character of mixed phases and to obtain their multiplicity factors and diffraction geometry factors. The contents of cubic twins and hexagonal inclusions were calculated by the integrated intensities of rocking curves of cubic (002), cubic twin {111}, hexagonal {1010} and {1011}.

Influence of output waveguide on mode quality factor in semiconductor microlasers with an equilateral triangle resonator

Semiconductor microlasers with an equilateral triangle resonator (ETR) and an output waveguide are proposed and analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain technique and the Pade approximation. The numerical results show that microlasers with an output waveguide still have a high-quality factor (Q factor) and are suitable to realize directional emission. For the ETR with a 0.46-mum-width opening in one of the vertices connected to the output waveguide, we have the Q factor of 1.5x10(3) and 2.5x10(2) for the TM fundamental mode at the wavelength of 1.55 mum, as the side length of the ETR is 5 and 3 mum. The simulated intensity distributions are presented for the fundamental mode in the ETR with a side length of 3 mum and an opening of 0.23 mum. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01749-6].

High Q-factor TM modes in three-dimensional semiconductor microresonators

We have investigated the mode characteristics for three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor microresonators by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The results show that the quality-factors (Q-factors) of TM-like modes are much larger than those of TE-like modes as the vertical waveguidng formed by semiconductor materials.

High-quality-factor EH modes in microcylinder resonators predicted by 3D FDTD simulation

The mode characteristis of a microcylinders with center layer thickness 0.2 mu m and radius 1 mu m are investigated by the three-dimensional (31)) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and the Pade approximation. The mode quality factor (Q-factor) of the EH71 mode obtained by 3D FDTD increase with the increase of the refractive index of the cladding layer n(2) as n(2) smaller than 3.17, and can be as large as 2.4 x 10(4) as the vertical refractive index distribution is 3.17/3.4/3.17, which is much larger than that of the HE71 mode with the same vertical refractive index distribution.

Analysis of the optical confinement factor in semiconductor lasers

We derive formulas for the optical confinement factor Gamma from Maxwell's equations for TE and TM modes in the slab waveguide. The numerical results show that the formulas yield correct mode gain for the modes propagating in the waveguide. We also compare the formulas with the standard definition of Gamma as the ratio of power flow in the active region to the total power flow. The results show that the standard definition will underestimate the difference of optical confinement factors between TE and TM modes, and will underestimate the difference of material gains necessary for polarization insensitive semiconductor laser amplifiers. It is important to use correct optical confinement factors for designing polarization insensitive semiconductor laser amplifiers. For vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, the numerical results show that Gamma can be defined as the proportion of the product of the refractive index and the squared electric field in the active region. (C) 1996 American Institute of physics.

ON THE RATE-EQUATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS FOR MEASURING SPONTANEOUS EMISSION FACTOR

The rate equations used for measuring spontaneous emission factor beta is examined through the comparison of numerical results, The results show that beta obtained by using total spontaneous emission rate R(sp) = N/tau sp is about double of that using R(sp) = BN2, The magnitude difference between the measured beta and that predicted by classical theory [8] will disappear by using more reasonable R(sp) = BN2. The results also show that the magnitude of beta may be underestimated by ignoring the nonradiative recombination rates.