Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

A total of 45 microsatellite loci from yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were isolated and characterized. Among the 45 microsatellite loci, 32 had more than two alleles. A wild population of P. flavescens (n = 48) was used to examine the allele range of the microsatellite loci. Mendelian inheritance of alleles was confirmed by examining the amplified products in pair-mated families. The number of alleles for the 32 polymorphic loci varied from two to 16, and observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.024 (YP79) and 0.979 (YP60). Cross-species polymorphic amplification in four other Percidae species was successful for 22 loci.

The preparation and stability of the inclusion complex of astaxanthin with beta-cyclodextrin

Inclusion complex of astaxanthin with beta-cyclodextrin was prepared. The water solubility of the inclusion complex was < 0.5 mg/ml, which is better than that of astaxanthin. Large aggregates were observed in the aqueous solution of the inclusion complex. Furthermore, the stability of the inclusion complex against temperature and light was greatly enhanced compared to that of astaxanthin. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

海洋经济动物精子超低温保存的研究

从1949年以来经过近五十年的发展，超低温保存种质细胞技术已经趋于成熟，特别是在家畜推广良种化的过程中发挥重要作用。对海洋动物种质细胞保存研究的范围主要集中在鲑鳟鱼类和牡蛎等少数几种海洋生物上。本研究结合“国家自然科学基金”研究项目，进行了三种贝类和两种鱼类精子的超低温保存实验，得到了它们在液氮（－196 ℃）条件下的适宜保存条件。栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）冻精解冻后复苏比例、受精率和孵化率最高可达到49.39％、42.06％和12.15睦栉孔扇贝精子超低温保存时发生冷冻伤害的温度范围在－30 ℃～－60 ℃；其低温保存的最适降温速率为20 ℃／min；使用抗冻剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的最适浓度为5 ℃，其保存效果优于甘油；样品保存的最佳体积为0.6ml～1ml；解冻精子的最适水温为35 ℃，50 ℃次之，20 ℃最差；用自然海水激活解冻后精子的效果好于低盐度溶液；在0 ℃进行预处理平衡时间不宜太长；在抗冻液中加入蛋黄对保存效果没有改善，并且会对冻精的孵化率有抑制作用；用20 ℃／min和5％DMSO冷冻精子，液氮中保存栉孔扇贝精子55天后其复苏比例达到42.17％。超低温保存紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck）精子，解冻后其复苏比例、受精率和孵化率最高可达到41.63％、69.52％和54.74％。保存紫贻贝精子最适降温速率为5 ℃／min，发生冻伤的温度范围是－20 ℃～－60 ℃；使用抗冻剂DMSO的保存效果好于甘油，且使用抗冻剂DMSO的最适浓度为15％；利用自然海水激活冻精效果好于低盐度或高pH值的溶液；样品体积（在0.2～1ml之间）对保存效果没有影响；采用15％DMSO和5 ℃／min的降温速率处理精子，液氮中保存90天后复苏比例仍达到41.8％。保存菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum （Adams and Reeve））精子的最适降温速率为5 ℃／min，发生冻伤的温度范围是－30 ℃～－60 ℃；抗冻剂DMSO的保存效果好于甘油，也用DMSO与甘油混合使用，使用抗冻剂DMSO的最适浓度为10％；利用自然海水激活冻精效果好于低盐度或高pH的溶液；样品体积（在0.2％～1.6ml之间）对保存效果有显著影响。冷冻保存后精子复苏比例、受精率和孵化率最高达到40.84％、68.87％和47.17％；以最适降温速率和抗冻剂浓度处理精子，并在液氮中保存36天后冻精复苏比例仍可以达到38.54％。黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）精子经过超低温保存后复苏率、存活率最高可以达到61.37％和61.4。保存黑鲷精子时发生冷冻伤害的温度范围是－20 ℃～－60 ℃，适宜的降温速率为20 ℃／min；使用抗冻剂DMSO的适宜浓度为20％；样品体积对保存效果有相关性；利用自然海水激活冻精效果好于低盐度或高pH值的溶液；使用20％DMSO和20 ℃／min降温速率处理，在液氮中保存黑鲷精子66天后解冻，其复苏率和存活率分别为59.81％和58.45％。在液氮中保存真鲷（Pagrosomus major）精子时发生冷冻伤害的温域为－30 ℃～－60 ℃，适宜的降温速率为20 ℃／min；使用抗冻剂DMSO的适宜浓度为20％；采用低盐度或高pH值的溶液激活冻精的效果不如自然海水。真鲷冻精的复苏率和存活率最高可达到50.73％和62.5；以20 ℃／min和20％DMSO处理真鲷精子，保存在液氮中46天后冻精复苏率和存活率为50.63％和61.02％。通过对多种贝类和鱼类精子的超低温保存实验，不仅获得超低温保存基本条件，并且通过显微镜观察结合前人的研究，对产生冻伤的原因和保护的机理提出了一个模式。

基于GIS的滑坡危险度区划定量研究

Abstract With the Development of the West Regions, the contradiction between economy and geological hazards was once again brought to our face in the Loess Plateau where was ,and is liable to geological hazards for the unique conditions of geology, hydrogeology, geography and meteorology. The goal to realize harmonious development between human and the earth was always there, and landslide hazard zoning provided us an effective way against geological hazards and damage. In the background of the construction of 750KV transformer substation in TianShui, we summarized some theories, methods and development of landslide hazard zoning and discussed the application of information value model in landslide hazard zoning. A called “judgement matrix” like in AHP was introduced to the information value model to solve the key point of landslide hazard zoning — choice of factors and weight of each factor. GIS was applied in the landslide hazard zoning, with its comprehensive function on data management, spatial analysis and mapping. A zonation map of landslide hazard was worked out on MAPGIS aimed to have something of reference and instruction on the construction of the transformer substation. Key words: landslide; hazard zoning; information value model; GIS; judgement matrix

湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物硅藻硅同位素研究

本论文选取我国的典型玛珥湖－湖光岩玛珥湖为研究对象，在国内外率先系统开展湖泊沉积物硅藻硅同位素研究。为获取过去2000a来的气候环境记录，对原有沉积物-水界面采样装置进行了改进，将沉积物柱芯无扰动采集深度从60cm提高到150cm。建立了一套有效的五阶段硅藻提纯方法，成功从初始硅藻含量大于7%的沉积物中提取出纯度达90％以上的硅藻样品，为广泛开展沉积物硅藻硅氧同位素研究奠定了基础。放射性核素Pb-210、Cs-137、C-14计年结果表明，该湖沉积物堆积速率稳定，具连续、稳定的堆积特点，是气候和环境变化的良好记录体。湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物硅藻硅同位素记录了硅藻利用水体溶解硅的比例变化。沉积物硅藻硅同位素与生物硅含量的变化关系为揭示湖泊古环境提供了重要线索。当硅藻硅同位素组成与生物硅含量呈正相关变化时，湖水溶解硅利用比例主要受温度控制，硅藻硅同位素可反映古温度变化。当硅藻硅同位素组成与生物硅含量不呈相似变化时，湖水溶解硅利用比例主要受有效养分控制，沉积物硅藻硅同位素仅仅反映硅藻利用水体溶解硅的比例，不反映古温度变化。湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物柱芯硅藻硅同位素组成的变化范围为 -0.6‰～1.1‰，其最小值出现于1580～1920年间，指示了1580～1920年为湖光岩地区过去2000年来最冷的时期，为中国南方热带地区现代小冰期的存在提供了新的证据。