Adsorption of heavy rare earth(III) with extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid

In the present paper, the adsorption of thulium(Ill) from chloride medium on an extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (CL302, HL) has been studied. The results show that 1.5 h is enough for the adsorption equilibrium. The distribution coefficients are determined as a function of the acidity of the aqueous phase and the data are analyzed both graphically and numerically. The plots of log D versus pH give a straight line with a slope of about 3, indicating that 3 protons are released in the adsorption reaction of thulium(III). The content of Cyanex302 in the resin is determined to be 48.21%. The total amount of Tm3+ adsorbed up to resin saturation is determined to be 82.46 mg Tm3+/g resin. Therefore, the sorption reactions of Tm3+ from chloride medium with CL302 can be described as: Tm3+ + 3HL((r)) <----> TmL3(r) + 3H(+) The Freundlich's isothermal adsorption equation is also determined as: log Q = 0.73 log C + 3.05 The amounts (Q) of Tm3+ adsorbed with the resin have been studied at different temperatures (15-40degreesC) at fixed concentrations of Tm3+, amounts of extraction resin, ion strength and acidities in the aqueous phase.

Stable multilayer films based on photoinduced interaction between polyoxometalates and diazo resin

Ultrathin multilayers films consisting of Keggin anion [PMo12O40](3-) and diazo resin were first prepared by the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly method. This film material could be stabilized by the photoinduced interaction between Keggin anion and diazo resin. IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed the occurrence of the partial transformation from ionic bond to covalent bond between layers of the film under irradiation by UV light. Such transformation increases the stability of the film, which was demonstrated by AFM images and the etching experiments with organic solvent.

Mesoscopic simulation of the impregnating process of unidirectional fibrous preform in resin transfer molding

The resin transfer molding has gained popularity in the preparation of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites because of its high efficiency and low pollution. The non-uniform inter-tow and intra-tow flows are regarded as the reason of void formation in RTM. According to the process characteristics, the axisymmetric model was developed to study the interaction between the flow in the inter-tow space and that in the intra-tow space. The flow behavior inside the fiber tows was formulated using Brinkman's equation, while that in the open space around the fiber tows was formulated by Stokes' equation. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was applied to track the flow front, and the effects of filling velocity, resin viscosity, inter-tow dimension and intra-tow permeability on fluid pressure and flow front were analyzed. The results show that the flow front difference between the inter-tow and intra-tow becomes larger with the decrease of intra-tow permeability, as well as the increase of filling velocity and inter-tow dimension.

Lanthanide complex/polymer composite optical resin with intense narrow band emission, high transparency and good mechanical performance

Novel composite resins possessing good luminescent properties have been synthesized through a free radical copolymerization of styrene, alpha-methylacrylic acid and the binary or ternary complexes of lanthanide ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+). These polymer-based composite resins not only possess good transparency and mechanical performance but also exhibit an intense narrow band emission of lanthanide complexes under UV excitation. We characterized the molecular structure, physical and mechanical performance, and luminescent properties of the composite resins. Spectra investigations indicate that alpha-methyl-acrylic acid act as both solubilizer and ligand. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the lanthanide complexes show superior emission lines and higher intensities in the resin matrix than in the corresponding pure complex powders, which can be attributed to the restriction of molecular motion of complexes by the polymer chain networks and the exclusion of water molecules from the complex. We also found that the luminescence intensity decreased with increasing content of alpha-methylacrylic acid in the copolymer system. The lifetime of the lanthanide complexes also lengthened when they were incorporated in the polymer matrix. In addition, we found that the relationships between emission intensity and Tb (Eu) content exhibit some extent of concentration quenching.

Adsorption studies of divalent metal ions with extraction resin containing 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl isopropylphosphonic acid

Equilibrium distributions of cobalt(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and copper(II) have been studied in the adsorption with extraction resin containing 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl isopropylphosphonic acid (HEOPPA) as an extractant from chloride medium. The distribution coefficients are determined as a function of pH. The data are analyzed both graphically and numerically. The extraction of the metal ions can be explained assuming the formation of metal complexes in the resin phase with a general composition ML2(HL)(q). The adsorbed species of the metal ions are proposed to be ML2 and the equilibrium constants are calculated. The efficiency of the resin in the separation of the metal ions is provided according to the separation factors values. The separation of Zn from Ni, Cd, Cu, Co, and Co from Ni, Cd, Cu with the resin is determined to be available. Furthermore, Freundlich's isothermal adsorption equations and thermodynamic quantities, i.e., DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS are determined.

Determination of gold, platinum and palladium in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after separation and preconcentration with C-410 anion exchange resin

A method for the determination of Au, Pt and Pd in geological samples is described. Au, Pt and Pd can be separated and concentrated quantitatively by C-410 anion-exchange resin in the condition of 1.5 mol/L HCl with the adsorption rates of 91.2%, 100.0% and 95.7% respectively. No interference exists from coexisting elements except for Ge(IV), Cr(VI),Ti(IV) in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The detection limits are 0.27 mug/L, 0.40 mug/L and 0.19 mug/L for Au, Pt and Pd respectively. The results of these elements in standard geological materials are in agreement with certified values with precision of 19.2% RSD for Au (n = 8), 28.1% RSD for Pt (n=8), and 15.6% RSD for Pd (n=8).

Separation of heavy rare earth elements with extraction resin containing 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl isopropylphosphonic acid

This paper presents the results of the adsorption of heavy rare earth ions (Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III), Lu(III) and Y(III)) from hydrochloric acid solutions at 30 degreesC by the extraction resin containing 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl isopropylphosphonic acid (HEOPPA), which has higher steric hindrance, higher selectivities and lower extraction and stripping acidity than di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DERPA) or 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEH/EHP). The dependence of acid concentration, flow rate and amounts of rare earth ions sorbed on the separation of Er-Tm, Tm-Yb and Er-Tm-Yb mixtures has been studied. The baseline chromatographic separation of Er-Tm-Yb mixture has been observed. Satisfactory results with purity and yield of Tm2O3>99.71% and >71.25%, Er2O3>99-81% and >94.17%, and Yb2O3>99.74% and >89.83%, respectively, have been obtained. The parameters such,as resolution, separation factors and efficiencies have been determined as a function of acidity, loading of rare earth elements and flow rates. The stoichiometry of the extraction of rare earth ions has been suggested as well.