Fatigue crack-growth rate in ferrite martensite dual-phase steel

An empirical study is made on the fatigue crack growth rate in ferrite-martensite dual-phase (FMDP) steel. Particular attention is given to the effect of ferrite content in the range of 24.2% to 41.5% where good fatigue resistance was found at 33.8%. Variations in ferrite content did not affect the crack growth rate when plotted against the effective stress intensity factor range  which was assumed to follow a linear relation with the crack tip stress intensity factor range ΔK. A high  corresponds to uniformly distributed small size ferrite and martensite. No other appreciable correlation could be ralated to the microstructure morphology of the FMDP steel. The closure stress intensity factor , however, is affected by the ferrite content with  reaching a maximum value of 0.7. In general, crack growth followed the interphase between the martensite and ferrite.

Dividing the fatigue crack growth process into Stage I and II where the former would be highly sensitive to changes in ΔK and the latter would increase with ΔK depending on the  ratio. The same data when correlated with the strain energy density factor range ΔS showed negligible dependence on mean stress or R ratio for Stage I crack growth. A parameter α involving the ratio of ultimate stress to yield stress, percent reduction of area and R is introduced for Stage II crack growth so that the  data for different R would collapse onto a single curve with a narrow scatter band when plotted against αΔS.

Microstructure of shear localization in low-carbon ferrite pearlite steel

A study has been made of the microstructure of the thermally assisted band in a low carbon ferrite-pearlite steel, resulting from high speed torsional testing with an average strain rate of about 1500 s−1. Metallographic examination showed that there are several fine shear bands distributed over a deformed region (the gauge length of the specimen). The width of these bands is estimated to be of the order of magnitude of 50 μm, and the spacing between them is roughly about 100 μm. Detailed scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that damage of the microstructure within the band is very apparent, as evidenced by microcrack initiation and coalescence along the shear deformation band. However, there is no evidence that the material in the band had become microcrystalline or non-crystalline.

SiC颗粒对Al-Zn合金激光快凝晶粒组织的影响

Al-Zn合金和SiCp/Al-Zn复合材料的激光重熔晶粒组织的对比研究表明 ,SiC颗粒对凝固初生相的生长具有阻碍作用。在颗粒尺寸较大和颗粒含量较高的条件下 ,激光熔池中会形成非外延生长的晶粒

药芯焊丝用高质量球形Ni粉的研制

采用真空熔炼、氮气保护及气雾化法研制生产了纯Ni粉,粉粒的球形度高,流动性好,长条状及不规则形粉粒少,化学成分纯净,有害杂质含量少,非常适用于药芯焊丝的生产.

铁基抗高温磨损激光熔覆涂层强韧设计和研究 Ⅱ:Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni激光熔覆层的微观组织及性能

利用ＯＭ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ研究了Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｃ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ激光熔覆涂层熔覆态及其高温时效态的微观组织结构。结果表明激光熔覆层组织细小，具有强韧两相组成（奥氏体和Ｍ_７Ｃ_３碳化物）的微观结构特征，高温时效处理组织中有Ｍ_（２３）Ｃ_６、Ｍ_６Ｃ、Ｍ_２Ｃ等新碳化物形成。显微硬度和冲击磨损实验证实了激光熔覆态和峰值时效态熔覆层均具有良好的力学性能。

微桥结构Ni膜杨氏模量和残余应力研究

采用MEMS(MicroelectromechanicalSystems)技术研制了镍(Ni)膜微桥结构试样,应用陶瓷压条为承力单元,与纳米压痕仪XP系统的Berkovich三棱锥压头相结合,解决了较宽Ni膜微桥加载问题。测量了微桥载荷与位移的关系,并结合微桥力学理论模型得到了Ni膜微桥的杨氏模量及残余应力,其值分别为190.5GPa和146MPa,与应用纳米压痕仪直接测得的带有Si基底的Ni膜杨氏模量186.8±7.34GPa相吻合。

激光熔覆TiC_p/Ni合金涂层中界面结构及界面硬度与弹性模量分布

利用激光熔覆制备了两类TiC_P/Ni合金涂层。与自生TiC_P涂层不同，在添加TiC_P涂层中，TiC_P与基体界面处观察到TiC外延生长及CrB。相利用纳米硬度仪研究了涂层中TiC_P与基体的界面硬度H及弹性模量E的分布。添加TiC_P与基体相界面加载的曲线存在位移突进(pop-in)现象；原位TiC_P界面附近加载曲线不存在pop-in现象。原位TiC_P相界面附近H及E较高并呈现连续梯度分布特征，表明原位TiC_P界面具有高的刚度与强韧性。

Deformation Twinning in Nanocrystalline NI

Deformation twinning is observed upon large plastic deformation in nanocrystalline (nc) Ni by transmission electron microscopy examinations. New and compelling evidence has been obtained for several twinning mechanisms that operate in nc grains, with the gain boundary emission of partial dislocations determined as the most proficient. Deformation twinning in nc Ni is discussed in comparison with molecular dynamics simulation results, based on generalized planar fault energy curves.

Dislocations and twins in nanocrystalline Ni after severe plastic deformation: the effects of grain size

Deformation microstructures have been investigated in nanocrystalline (nc) Ni with grain sizes in the 50-100 nm range. It was found that deformation twinning started to occur in grains of similar to 90 nm, and its propensity increased with decreasing grain size. In most of the nc grains dislocations were observed as well, in the form of individual dislocations and dipoles. It is concluded that dislocation-mediated plasticity dominates for grain sizes in the upper half, i.e. 50-100 nm, of the nanocrystalline regime. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Size-dependent elastic properties of Ni nanofilms by molecular dynamics simulation

Size-dependent elastic properties of Ni nanofilms are investigated by molecular dynamics ( MD) simulations with embedded atom method (EAM). The surface effects are considered by calculating the surface relaxation, surface energy, and surface stress. The Young's modulus and yield stress are obtained as functions of thickness and crystallographic orientation. It is shown that the surface relaxation has important effects on the the elastic properties at nanoscale. When the surface relaxation is outward, the Young's modulus decreases with the film thickness decreasing, and vice versa. The results also show that the yield stresses of the films increase with the films becoming thinner. With the thickness of the nanofilms decreasing, the surface effects on the elastic properties become dominant.

纳米晶Ni疲劳行为的实验研究

系统研究了纳米晶Ni与粗晶Ni的疲劳行为。通过疲劳实验获得了这2种材料的疲劳应力--寿命曲线，并采用AFM对纳米晶Ni样品表面进行观察以研究其裂纹萌生的微观机制，利用纳米压痕仪对疲劳实验前后样品的力学性能和显微组织变化进行了研究。结果表明，纳米晶Ni具有比粗晶Ni更高的疲劳极限。AFM观察表明纳米晶疲劳后样品表面出现平均尺寸为73 nm的胞状起伏，疲劳后样品的晶粒尺寸没有发生明显改变。压痕硬度结果表明疲劳过程材料的力学性能也未发生明显变化。

纳米晶Ni晶间断裂的数值模拟

提出了一种针对超细晶和纳米晶金属(主要是fcc金属)晶间断裂的微结构计算模型,即采用基于机制的应变梯度塑性(CMSG)理论描述晶粒内部材料塑性变形过程中的变形、强化和尺度效应;采用黏聚力界面模型来模拟晶界的滑移和分离现象,以及晶间裂纹的萌生和演化,直至晶间断裂导致的材料失效.利用该计算模型模拟了纳米晶Ni的拉伸实验过程,对纳米晶Ni宏观力学行为和晶间微裂纹萌生与扩展之间的关系进行了研究,验证了针对超细晶和纳米晶力学性能的计算模型的有效性;同时,模拟结果表明,非均匀塑性变形导致高应变梯度效应,晶粒塑性变形强化显著,使晶界主导的变形机制对纳米晶金属的整体力学性能产生重要影响.

Development And Characterization Of Composite Ni-Cr-C-Caf2 Laser Cladding On Gamma-Tial Intermetallic Alloy

A process of laser cladding Ni-CF-C-CaF2 mixed powders to form a multifunctional composite coatingd on gamma-TiAl substrate was carried out. The microstructure of the coating was examined using XRD, SEM and EDS. The coating has a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrite or short-stick TiC and block Al4C3 carbides reinforcement as well as fine isolated spherical CaF2 solid lubrication particles uniformly dispersed in the NiCrAlTi (gamma) matrix. The average microhardness of the composite coatings is approximately HV 650 and it is 2-factor greater than that of the TiAl substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ni^2＋掺杂透明ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的光学性质

采用传统熔融冷却的方法制备了透明Ni^2＋掺杂ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃，结合X-射线、吸收和荧光等测试手段，研究了不同热处理温度对Ni^2＋掺杂透明ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃光学性质的影响。由X-射线衍射谱鉴定出微晶玻璃中析出的晶相为ZnAl2O4微晶，其尺寸在13nm以下。玻璃中没有发现近红外发光，而在微晶玻璃中存在宽带近红外发光，其可归属为八面体六配位Ni^2＋离子的^3T2g（^3F）激发态向^3A2g（^3F）基态的跃迁。随热处理温度升高发光强度增强，而发射峰位则发生蓝移；荧