水流作用下疏松土壤材料中细沟的再生及其临界剪应力的实验研究

动态土壤侵蚀包括依赖于空间与时间的土壤剥离、细沟的形成、水流中过量泥沙的沉积、沉积泥沙中细沟的再生等物理过程。与泥沙从沉积区域再剥离相关联的细沟再生是细沟变窄加深过程中的一个重要的现象。该文介绍一种实验装置 ,用于测量类似于沉积土壤的疏松土壤材料细沟再生的力学参数。用一种沙壤土进行实验 ,测定了不同团聚体大小和坡度下细沟再生开始和停止所对应的临界水流量。计算出了与沟坡相关的临界剪切应力。这些结果有助于理解细沟的再生及其数量关系 ,以及临界剪切应力与坡度间的定量关系 ;对于发展由沉积土壤再生的细沟演化过程模型特别有用。

固原地区生态环境建设与旱地农业发展

固原地区是宁夏和西部地区生态环境建设、旱地农业发展的中心和重点地区，本文通过国内外发展经验，结合固原地区实际，提出旱地农业发展的技术路线和技术体系，以及发展高效和特色农业的一些构想。指出固原地区农业发展方向为生态环境建设－早地农业－高效特色农业的结合与互动，走农特结合的持续发展道路。

土壤温度和湿度对长白松林土壤呼吸速率的影响

2003年6月17日、8月5日和10月10日,研究了长白山长白松林地内土壤呼吸速率和断根土壤呼吸速率日变化,并于2004年5~9月对其季节变化进行了测定.结果表明,土壤总呼吸速率和断根土壤呼吸速率的日变化均呈单峰型,峰值一般出现在12:00~14:00,8月份土壤呼吸速率的日变化幅度小于6月份和10月份.土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化,6~8月份较高,5月份和9月份较低.2004年5~9月份,土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率的平均值分别为3.12、1.94和1.18μmolCO2.m-2.s-1,根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献为26.5%~52.6%.土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度之间呈显著的指数相关,与土壤湿度之间呈线性相关.土壤总呼吸速率、断根土壤呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率的Q10值分别为2.44、2.55和2.27,断根土壤呼吸速率对温度的敏感程度大于土壤总呼吸速率和根系呼吸速率.土壤总呼吸速率对土壤湿度的敏感程度大于根系呼吸,断根土壤呼吸速率对土壤湿度的敏感程度最差.

外源Cd~(2+)在土壤各级微团聚体中的含量和形态分布

采用室内培养和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了外源Cd2+进入土壤30d后,在土壤各级微团聚体中的含量富集和形态赋存情况。研究结果表明:外源水溶性镉进入土壤30d后,100%转化成了颗粒态,其中58.5%转化为了可交换态,0.98%转化成了碳酸盐结合态,1.26%转化成了铁锰氧化物结合态,7.68%转化成了有机结合态,31.5%转化成了残渣态,这基本与其中各粒级微团聚体中的赋存形态的情况一致。在土壤中赋存的镉主要分布在各级微团聚体中,在各粒级微团聚体中的含量分布顺序为<10μm微团聚体>10～50μm微团聚体>50～250μm微团聚体;外源镉向小粒级微团聚体的富集倾向明显高于向大粒级微团聚体的富集倾向,其中在<10μm微团聚体中富集系数为1.43,在50～250μm微团聚体中的富集系数只有0.60。

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer mediated radical polymerization of asymmetrical divinyl monomers targeting hyperbranched vinyl polymers

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated radical polymerizations of allyl methacrylate and undecenyl methacrylate, compounds containing two types of vinyl groups with different reactivities, were investigated to provide hyperbranched polymers. The RAFT agent benzyl dithiobenzoate was demonstrated to be an appropriate chain-transfer agent to inhibit crosslinking and obtain polymers with moderate-to-high conversions. The polymerization of allyl methacrylate led to a polymer without branches but with five- or six-membered rings. However, poly(undecenyl methacrylate) showed an indication of branching rather than intramolecular cycles. The hyperbranched structure of poly(undecenyl methacrylate) was confirmed by a combination of H-1, C-13, H-1-H-1 correlation spectroscopy, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer 135 NMR spectra. The branching topology of the polymers was controlled by the variation of the reaction temperature, chain-transfer-agent concentration, and monomer conversion. The significantly lower inherent viscosities of the resulting polymers, compared with those of linear analogues, demonstrated their compact structure,

Gold-coated iron (Fe@Au) nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic field-induced self-assembly

A unique reverse micelle method has been developed to prepare gold-coated iron (Fe@Au) nanoparticles. XRD, UV/vis, TEM, and magnetic measurements are utilized to characterize the nanocomposites. XRD only gives FCC patterns of gold for the obtained nanoparticles. The absorption band of the Fe@Au colloid shifts to a longer wavelength and broadens relative to that of the pure gold colloid. TEM results show that the average size of Fe@Au nanoparticles is about 10 nm, These nanoparticles are self-assembled into chains on micron scale under a 0.5 T magnetic field. Magnetic measurements show that the particles are superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature (T-B) of 42 K, At 300 K (above T-B), no coercivity (Hc) and remanence (M-r) is observed in the magnetization curve, while at 2K (below T-B) He and M, are observed to be 728 Oe and 4.12 emu/g, respectively, (C) 2001 Academic Press.

In-situ microscopic FT-IR spectroelectrochemical investigation of polythiophene film modified electrode

A polythiophene film was electrochemically deposited on a Pt micro-plate electrode and investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in-situ reflection microscopic FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis showed that the electropolymerization of thiophene on the Pt surface was affected Lv the surface adsorption processes of thiophene molecules. Two adsorption modes were identified. Two structure models of the polythiophene chain were observed simultaneously. It was proposed that the good conductibility of the polythiophene film was originated from a co-vibratory equilibrium of the link part of model I and model II.

拉伸取向尼龙1010样品的抗张回复

研究了拉伸取向尼龙 10 10的抗张回复现象 .残存应变ε′表征了由链滑移而产生的永久形变 ,回复应变(ε -ε′)表征了键角变化和链段取向产生的形变 .当拉伸温度T=18℃

超微电极的新进展

超微电极是当前电化学前沿领域和研究热点之一。本文主要介绍了超微电极的基本原理、种类和特点 ,并结合国际上超微电极的最新研究现状 ,介绍了超微修饰电极的特点及其在电分析化学中的应用 ;超微电极在扫描探针显微学、固态电化学、生物细胞体内检测和分析化学等方面中的应用。

扭曲向列型液晶显示器的相补偿──应用各向异性薄膜增大扭曲向列液晶显示器的视角

本文简明介绍了扭曲向列型液晶显示器（ＴＮ—ＬＣＤ）的类型以及正常白型ＴＮ—ＬＣＤ的一些特征，总结几种提高对比度，增大视角，改进显示质量的相补偿方法。阐述了聚合物取向膜提高ＴＮ—ＬＣＤ对比度与视角的原理，重点说明聚酰亚胺分子由于面内取向而具备的负性双折射对ＴＮ—ＬＣＤ的相补偿作用，即：减少偏离液晶分子光轴方向上的漏光从而提高对比度，增大视角。还具体展示了我们制备的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜对一种正常白型ＴＮ—ＬＣＤ增大视角的相补偿效果。

如何选购家用电脑

编辑老师:今天给贵刊写信是想请您帮忙查询一下家用电脑的性能用途、操作技术、价格,因为我作为供销社的一名业务员,很想购买一台家用电脑,但又缺乏对它的全面了解,望能帮忙将查询资料寄来以满足读者的心声!热心的读者:湖北荆门市盐池供销社彭湾分社曾斌曾斌先生:关于家用电脑有关问题回答如下:家用电脑就是家庭用微机的统称。顾名思义是由家庭购买,放在家中使用。严格说家用电脑与办公室中使用的通用微机,并没有本质区别,只是为了适应一般家庭的经济承受能力和不同用途,简化了电脑的外部设备。在软件上,除了考虑办公之外,还考虑到对孩子的教育、启蒙、娱乐游戏,还有资料查询等。以后,还要考虑到与家庭的电视机,录像机、音响、摄像机和电话等设备相连接,以达到更高层次应用的可能性。因此,家用电脑是集娱乐游戏、开发智力,帐目管理,写作教学,提供各种咨询服务于一体的高科技产品。选购电脑,首先考虑使用对象,不同使用对象

掺铈、钆、铽的三磷酸镧的合成及其光谱

本文首次采用溶液沉淀法合成了一系列LaP_3O_9:Ce、Gd、Tb磷光体.经X射线结构分析表明、它们是较纯的LaP_3O_9相,系环状结构,属于正交晶系,其晶胞参数为a=11.19(?),b=8.54(?),c=7.28(?).测定了这些化合物的激发和发射光谱、相对亮度及Ce~(3+)的荧光寿命,观察到在此基质中Ce~(3+)与Gd~(3+)光谱重叠,它们之间存在着一定的相互作用,Ce~(3+)能有效地敏化Tb~(3+),从而大大地增强Tb~(3+)的发射,LaP_3O_9:Ce、Tb可能成为一种新的高效绿色发光材料.在Ce-Tb共掺的体系中加入少量Gd却使发光亮度稍有下降,这可能是由于Gd~(3+)的竞争吸收和独立发射所致.从Ce~(3+)的荧光寿命变化可知,Ce~(3+)对Gd~(3+)的能量传递较弱,而Ce~(3+)对Tb~(3+)则很有效.

结晶聚合物的单轴拉伸和取向态结构Ⅱ．取向结晶聚合物的结构模型和塑性形变

概述了有关取向结晶聚合物结构及塑性形变的各种模型和实验证据，共包括参考文献４２篇。

SYNTHESES OF METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL DERIVATIVES OF LANTHANIDES (LN = LA-ND) AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF [(THF)2LI(MU-CL)2]2[MECPND(THF)] AND [LI(DME)3][MECPLA(NPH2)3]

The reaction of LnCl3.2LiCl with 1 equiv of MeCpNa in THF gives the complexes [(THF)2Li(mu-Cl)2]2[MeCpLn(THF)] (Ln = Nd (1), La (2)) in good yield. These precursors react further with 2 equiv of LiNPh2 to produce the new complexes [Li(DME)3][MeCpLn(NPh2)3] (Ln = La (3), Pr (4), Nd (5)). They have been characterized by elemental analyses and IR and NMR spectra, as well as by structural analyses of 1 and 3. The chloride 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (No. 14) with a = 12.130 (5) angstrom, b = 17.343 (5) angstrom, c = 17.016 (5) angstrom, beta = 108.54 (3)-degrees, V = 3393.87 angstrom3, Z = 4, and D(c) = 1.45 g/cm3. Least-squares refinement led to a final R value of 0.051 (I greater-than-or-equal-to 3-sigma(I(o))) for 2004 independent reflections. Complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (No. 14) with a = 18.335 (6) angstrom, b = 16.576 (5) angstrom, c = 17.461 (6) angstrom, beta = 96.04 (3)-degrees, V = 5277.17 angstrom3, D(c) = 1.26 g/cm3, Z = 4, and R = 0.057 (I greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5-sigma(I(o))) for 3378 reflections. The structure of 3 consists of discrete ion pairs [Li(DME)3]+ and [MeCpLa(NPh2)3]- with average La-N and La-C(ring) distances of 2.459 (8) and 2.84 (1) angstrom, respectively.