Cytological and Molecular Identification of Alien Chromatin in Giant Spike Wheat Germplasm

Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All lines showed a chromosome number of 2n = 42, five of them carried both a pair of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal) 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes and a pair of Agropyron intermedium (Ai) chromosomes, three carried a pair of Ai chromosomes only, three others carried a pair of 1BL/1RS chromosomes only, and one carried neither 1BL/1BS nor Ai chromosome. Further identification revealed that the identical Ai chromosome in these germplasm lines substituted the chromosome 2D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), designated as 2Ai. The genetic implication and further utilization of 2Ai in wheat improvement were also discussed.

cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the Giant Panda

RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E. coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.

Rossby Vortex Simulation on a Paraboloidal Coordinate System Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper, we apply our compressible lattice Boltzmann model to a rotating parabolic coordinate system to simulate Rossby vortices emerging in a layer of shallow water flowing zonally in a rotating paraboloidal vessel. By introducing a scaling factor, nonuniform curvilinear mesh can be mapped to a flat uniform mesh and then normal lattice Boltzmann method works. Since the mass per unit area on the two-dimensional (2D) surface varies with the thickness of the water layer, the 2D flow seems to be "compressible" and our compressible model is applied. Simulation solutions meet with the experimental observations qualitatively. Based on this research, quantitative solutions and many natural phenomena simulations in planetary atmospheres, oceans, and magnetized plasma, such as the famous Jovian Giant Red Spot, the Galactic Spiral-vortex, the Gulf Stream, and the Kuroshio Current, etc,, can be expected.

Carrier concentration profiling in magnetic GaMnSb/GaSb investigated by electrochemistry capacitance-voltage profiler

Depth profiles of carrier concentrations in GaMnSb/GaSb are investigated by electrochemistry capacitance-voltage profiler and electrolyte of Tiron. The carrier concentration in GaMnSb/GaSb measured by this method is coincident with the results of Hall and X-ray diffraction measurements. It is indicated that most of the Mn atoms in GaMnSb take the site of Ga, play a role of acceptors, and provide shallow acceptor level(s).

Phase control of the Kerr nonlinearity in electromagnetically induced transparency media

We investigate an enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity in phase-dependent double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) media. We find, by changing the relative phase of the driven fields, that the properties of EIT and the Kerr nonlinearity can be modified significantly. Choosing the relative phase appropriately, a giant Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved with vanishing absorptions.

Enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity with vanishing absorption in a tripod scheme

The giant enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity in a four-level tripod type system is investigated theoretically. By tuning the value of the Rabi frequency of the coherent control field, owing to the double dark resonances, the giant-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved within the right transparency window. The in fluence of Doppler broadening is also discussed.

濒危物种保护、生境破碎化及其恢复

保护区是否真的能起保护作用？保护区究竟如何布局？这是自然保护区的建设一直争论不休的课题。就大熊猫保护而言，目前面临的最紧迫问题可能不是保护区数量多少的问题，而是这些多个保护区组成的保护区群的配置或格局是否合理。因此，本研究以岷山大熊猫保护区群为研究对象，分析现有大熊猫及栖息地及其保护现状，指出目前保护区存在的问题，并对岷山大熊猫自然保护区群合理布局提出建议性设计，以期为大熊猫保护及自然保护区建设的理论提供借鉴。 到目前，为了保护大熊猫，在岷山地区已经建立了1 7个自然保护区，这些保护区的建立对大熊猫的保护起到了非常重要的重要。但是，大熊猫栖息地仍然持续下降。就其原因有两方面，即岷山地区人为活动的干扰，如旅游业的盲目发展。但，同时大熊猫自然保护区本身的布局存在一定的不合理性。最后，从景观尺度上提出岷山大熊猫保护区群合理建设的布局，即在分析现有保护布局基础上，找到优先保护的敏感地带建立廊道，将所有保护区连成布局合理的保护区群。 大熊猫受威胁的关键因子并不是竹子，而是森林．竹子复合系统的破碎化或质量的退化，故保护大熊猫应从保护森林、恢复森林．竹子复合生态系统的质量入手。但是，具体实践中究竞采取什么模式来恢复退化的大熊猫栖息地？选取不同模式的科学依据是什么？如何评判不同恢复模式的成本和效益？这些方面的工作到目前缺少系统研究。本研究在分析了岷山地区自然、社会与经济条件的基础上，从荒山荒地造林、天然林保护与低效林地改造主要植被恢复措施着手，全面分析各类植被恢复措施所形成植被的生态效益（保持水土、涵养水源、保持肥力等）、经济收益（木材、果品和林副特产品）、社会效益（种植结构、劳动力再分配等），总结出植被恢复成本和效益的构成要素，计算主要植被恢复模式的成本和效益，为选择适宜的植被恢复措施、典型植被恢复模式和合理确定植被恢复技术提供科学依据，从而推动岷山植被快速健康地恢复，为大熊猫提供适宜的生存空间。 三峡大坝的建设使其固有水域的人为改造导致水位上升，使原本连续的山地生态系统被分割成大小不等的岛屿。水位变化导致的这种生境岛屿化为栖息地破碎化和岛屿生物地理学提供了十分难得的实证研究的机会。然而，同时，这种栖息地的片段化无疑对三峡库区生物多样性保护和生态系统的完整性造成威胁。到目前，为了监测库区建设对生态环境的影响，已经建立了22个定位观测站，但没有一个是生境破碎化方面的，为此建议尽快建立生境破碎化方面的定位研究站。三峡库区生物多样性丰富，但保护区面积仅仅占库区面积的6.9%，而同期我国已经建立了1 999个自然保护区，占国土面积的15%，因此，非常迫切建立更多的保护区（至少达到全国平均水平）。为了从宏观尺度上加强对库区的综合保护，建议从景观生态学的角度出发，将库区作为一个自然、社会和经济复合生态系绕对待。

Interspecies implantation and mitochondria fate of panda-rabbit cloned embryos

Somatic cell nuclei of giant pandas can dedifferentiate in enucleated rabbit ooplasm, and the reconstructed eggs can develop to blastocysts. In order to observe whether these interspecies cloned embryos can implant in the uterus of an animal other than th

Phylogeny and biogeography of the Petaurista philippensis complex (Rodentia : Sciuridae), inter- and intraspecific relationships inferred from molecular and morphometric analysis

With modified DNA extraction and Purification protocols, the complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bp) were determined from degraded museum specimens. Molecular analysis and morphological examination of cranial characteristics of the giant flying squirrels of Petaurista philippensis complex (P. grandis, P. hainana, and P. yunanensis) and other Petaurista species yielded new insights into long-standing controversies in the Petaurista systematics. Patterns of genetic variations and morphological differences observed in this study indicate that P. hainana, P. albiventer, and P. yunanensis can be recognized as distinct species, and P. grandis and P. petaurista are conspecific populations. Phylogenetic relationships reconstructed by using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods reveal that, with P. leucogenys as the basal branch, all Petaurista groups formed two distinct clades. Petaurista philippensis, P. hainana, P. yunanensis, and P. albiventer are clustered in the same clade, while P. grandis shows a close relationship to P. petaurista. Deduced divergence times based on Bayesian analysis and the transversional substitution at the third codon suggest that the retreating of glaciers and upheavals or movements of tectonic plates in the Pliocene-Pleistocene were the major factors responsible for the present geographical distributions of Petaurista groups. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rapid and parallel chromosomal number reductions in muntjac deer inferred from mitochondrial DNA phylogeny

Muntjac deer (Muntiacinae, Cervidae) are of great interest in evolutionary studies because of their dramatic chromosome variations and recent discoveries of several new species. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of karyotypes of muntjac deer in the context of a phylogeny which is based on 1,844-bp mitochondrial DNA sequences of seven generally recognized species in the muntjac subfamily. The phylogenetic results support the hypothesis that karyotypic evolution in muntjac deer has proceeded via reduction in diploid number. However, the reduction in number is not always linear, i.e., not strictly following the order: 46-->14/13-->8/9-->6/7. For example, Muntiacus muntjak (2n = 6/7) shares a common ancestor with Muntiacus feae (2n = 13/14), which indicates that its karyotype was derived in parallel with M. feae's from an ancestral karyotype of 2n greater than or equal to 13/14. The newly discovered giant muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) may represent another pa;allel reduction lineage from the ancestral 2n = 46 karyotype. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the giant muntjac is relatively closer to Muntiacus reevesi than to other muntjacs and may be placed in the genus Muntiacus. Analyses of sequence divergence reveal that the rate of change in chromosome number in muntjac deer is one of the fastest in vertebrates. Within the muntjac subfamily, the fastest evolutionary rate is found in the Fea's lineage, in which two species with different karyotypes diverged in around 0.5 Myr.

中国巨松鼠Ratufa bicolor(Sciuridae:Ratufinae)头骨形态的地理学变异

巨松鼠(Ratufa bicolor)是东洋界的特有类群.中国仅有一种,分布于海南、广西西南部、云南南部、西南部、西部和西北部,关于其亚种的分化结论过去主要依据其皮毛的颜色特征.本研究共测取75个巨松鼠头骨,每号头骨标本测取23个变量,运用统计分析软件SPSS 11.0对巨松鼠的可测量变量进行主成分分析、判别分析及聚类分析,以探讨巨松鼠各亚种地位的有效性及其头骨形态的地理学变异.研究结果显示阿萨姆亚种R.b.gigantea和海南亚种R.b.hainana均为有效亚种,前者分布自广西西南部向西经云南南部、西南部、西部达西北部,后者分布于海南.同时,本研究结果不支持滇南亚种R.b.stigmosa作为一个有效的亚种.

常用鱼药漂白粉和氯杀宁对背角无齿蚌的毒性影响

试验以洱海流域的背角无齿蚌为研究对象,确定常用鱼药:漂白粉、氯杀宁对湖泊大型底柄动物背角无齿蚌的毒性影响.试验得出漂白粉作用下,背角无齿蚌24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h、168 h的半致死率;氯杀宁作用下,背角无齿蚌24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死率;漂白粉有效氯安全浓度95.25～108.86 mg/L;氯杀宁有效氯安全浓度3.32～3.55 mg/L.通过显微镜观察,漂白粉和氯杀宁的主要作用部位为背角无齿蚌的呼吸系统,在其鳃上可见明显病变.

罗氏沼虾卵子在授精时的变化(英文)

<正> The freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is of great economic importance in many coun-tries. It's farmed production is recorded globally. We examine the fertilization cytology in the hope that theymay serve to augment the previous reports