87 resultados para D-GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE


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β-D-葡萄糖的检测是临床化学的常规分析项目 .化学发光分析法测定葡萄糖具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高等优点[1~ 3] .我们曾研究了鲁米诺 ( L uminol) -KIO4 -H2 O2 化学发光反应体系[4 ] ,发现 H2 O2 浓度在 2 .0× 1 0 - 7~ 6.0× 1 0 - 4mol/L范围内与发光强度有良好的线性关系 .本文将生成 H2 O2 的葡萄糖 -葡萄糖氧化酶 ( GOD)的酶促反应与鲁米诺 -KIO4 -H2 O2 的化学发光反应相偶合 ,结合流动注射技术 ,建立了一种流动注射化学发光测定葡萄糖的新方法 .方法的线性范围为 0 .6~ 1 1 0 mg/L ,相关系数为 0 .9997,检出限为 0 .0 8mg/L.对 1 0 mg/L葡萄糖 1 1次平行测定的相对标准偏差为 1 .3 % .该法用于人血清中葡萄糖含量的测定 ,结果令人满意 .β-D-C6 H12 O6 +O2 +H2 O GODp H =7.60 D-C5H11O5COOH+H2 O2L uminol+KIO4H2 O2p H=12 .97C6 H3NH2 ( COOH) 2 +hν仪器与试剂 :鲁米诺分析液...

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A novel heteropoly tungstophosphates, H-8[P4W14O58Na4(H2O)(20)] . 16H(2)O, was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by using TG-DTA. The crystal is triclinic system with space group P (1) over bar, a = 1. 137 9(2) nm, b=1. 363 2(3) nm, c=1. 627 1(3) nm; alpha=78. 20(3)degrees, beta=71, 20(3)degrees, gamma= 71. 62(3)degrees; V = 2. 252 5(8) nm(3), Z=1, M-r= 4 374. 38, D-c = 3. 225 mg/cm(3), mu = 18. 007 mm(-1), F(000)=1 972, R=0. 074 2, R-w=0. 200 4. The result of structure analysis shows that the anion of the compound consists of two PW7O29Na2(H2O)(10) subunits and two linked phosphorous atoms. A kind of microporous with size of 0. 661 4 nm X 0. 318 9 nm was formed in the crystal structure.

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[PrAl (CF3COO)(2) (CF3CHOO) (C2H5)(2) (C4H8O)(2)](2) M-r = 1420. 56, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10. 651 (6) , b = 24. 276(9), c = 11. 110(5) Angstrom, beta = 107. 650 (4)degrees , V = 2737. 4(1) Angstrom (3) , Z = 2, D-c = 3. 45 g/cm(3) , F(000) = 2816 , T = 233K, MoK alpha radiation (lambda= 0. 71069 Angstrom), mu(MoK alpha) = 38. 017 cm(-1) , R = 0. 048 for 2847 observed reflections (I greater than or equal to 3 sigma(I)). It is isostructural with [LnAl (CF3COO)(2) (CF3CHOO) -R-2 (C4H8O)(2)](2) (Ln = Ho, R = Et; Ln = Ndt Y, R = Bu-1). Pr3+ is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from five bridging ligands and two THF forming a distorted bicap-prism.

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The photoluminescence of Ce3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+, and energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+, Dy3+ and Sm3+ in Mg2Y8(SiOd(4))(6)O-2 are reported and discussed. The Ce3+ ion shows blue luminescence under UV excitation, and occupies simultaneously the 4f site and 6h site in the host lattice. The optimum concentrations for the D-5(3) and D-5(4) emissions of Tb3+ and the (4)G(5/2) emission of Sm3+ are determined to be 0.04, 0.20 and 0.10 mol in every mol of Mg2Y8(SiO4)(6)O-2, respectively. The critical distances responsible for the cross-relaxation between the D-5(3)-D-5(4) and F-7(6)-F-7(0) transitions of Tb3+ and between the (4)G(5/2)-F-4(9/2) and H-6(5/2)-F-4(9/2) transitions of Sm3+ are estimated to be 1.43 and 1.06 nm, respectively. Both Tb3+ and Dy3+ can be sensitized by Ce3+, but Ce3+ and Sm3+ quench each other.

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D-半乳糖的测定多使用酶法,近年来用酶电极测定血液中的半乳糖含量的方法已有报道[l-3],这些酶电极都有良好的重现性和很短的响应时间,缺点是测定时干扰严重,选择性差.

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K7H6[Nd(GeMo11O39)2].18H2O was first synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. Crystal structure data are as follows: monolinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 1.7095(4), b = 2.6895(3), c = 2.1214(5) nm, beta = 103.11 (2)-degrees, V = 9.4994(3) nm3, Z = 4, D(m) = 3.14g/cm3, D(c) = 3.05g/cm3, mu(MoK-alpha) = 43.7 cm-1. Experimental evidence and theoretical foundation of the method inferring the molecule structure of heteropoly compounds using their IR spectra were gaved by studying IR spectra properties of the complex with results of structural analysis. Electronic spectra prove that 4f-obital of Nd3+ take part in bonding in the complex.

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C12H12I2Te4, M(r) = 920.44, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.942 (2), b = 14.924 (2), c = 11.415 (2) angstrom, beta = 104.32 (1)-degrees, V = 1806.0 (5) angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 3.38 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 100.7 cm-1, F(000) = 1592, T = 294 K, R = 0.033 for 1828 observed reflections. One of the Te atoms is bonded to the two I atoms, which are on either side of the molecular plane. The Te-I distances are 2.963 (1) and 2.961 (1) angstrom, which means oxidation at the Te atom instead of at the C = C bonds.

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氯磺化聚乙烯(简称CSM)由于存在SO_2Cl基团很容易通过金属氧化物进行化学交联,但至今未见其辐射交联的详细报道.本文探讨氯含量对CSM辐射交联的影响. 所用CSM系吉林化工公司产品:20型(含氯量29~33%,下同),40型(33~37%)和30型(40~45%).将CSM和防老D按一定比例混炼均匀,再在140℃左右热压成形.试样用3.33×10~(15)Bg ~(60)Co于室温限量空气下进行辐照.辐照过的试样于80℃处理2小时以消除俘陷自由基.在氮气保护下先后用二甲苯和无水乙醇,加热回流48小时和8小时,测定凝胶含量.

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电活性质点Fe~(2+)可穿透六氰亚铁钒薄膜在玻璃碳基体电极表面于较负电位处直接氧化,也可经VHF膜中氧化还原点位的媒介在较正电位处于膜-溶液界面及膜内部发生催化氧化.两个过程分别在用VHF修饰过的旋转GC电极上的伏安曲线中产生,可明确分辨的第一波和第二波.第一波的极限电流受Fe~(2+)离子在溶液中和膜中的扩散速率控制.VHF薄膜对Fe~(2+)离子的透过能力,kD_m/d,为10~(-3)-10~(-2)cm·s~(-1)数量级,随膜厚度增大而减小,不随溶液中Fe~(2+)离子浓度改变.

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Gas hydrate samples were obtained firstly in China by drilling on the northern margin of South China Sea (SCS). To understand the formation mechanism of this unique accumulation system, this paper discusses the factors controlling the formation of the system by accurate geophysical interpretation and geological analysis, based on the high precision 2-D and 3-D multichannel seismic data in the drilling area. There are three key factors controlling the accumulation of the gas hydrate system in fine grain sediment: (1) large volume of fluid bearing methane gas Joins the formation of gas hydrate. Active fluid flow in the northern South China Sea makes both thermal gas and/or biogenic gas migrate into shallow strata and form hydrate in the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). The fluid flow includes mud diapir and gas chimney structure. They are commonly characterized by positive topographic relief, acoustic turbidity and push-down, and low reflection intensity on seismic profiles. The gas chimneys can reach to GHSZ, which favors the development of BSRs. It means that the active fluid flow has a close relationship with the formation and accumulation of gas hydrate. (2) The episodic process of fracture plays an important role in the generation of gas hydrate. It may provide the passage along which thermogenic or biogenic gas migrated into gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) upward. And it increases the pore space for the growth of hydrate crystal. (3) Submarine landslide induced the anomalous overpressure activity and development of fracture in the GHSZ. The formation model of high concentration gas hydrate in the drilling sea area was proposed on the basis of above analysis.

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为了给生产不同用途的优质琼胶和琼胶素提供一些理论指导,本文以我国三种经济红藻龙须菜、石花菜、坛紫菜以及北朝鲜的伊谷草为研究对象,首次将这些不同种属的海藻放在一起进行了理化性质和化学组分结构方面的横向比较。测定了用不同方法处理海藻后提取琼胶样品的琼胶得率以及凝胶强度、凝固温度、融化温度等物理性质。同种方法提取琼胶以石花菜的琼胶得率为最高。坛紫菜琼胶凝固温度最高。龙须菜琼胶融化温度较高。碱处理对四种红藻琼胶的凝胶强度影响程度不一。碱处理后,琼胶的凝胶强度、融化温度和凝固温度都升高。对各琼胶样品的灰分、水解硫酸根、总糖及3,6-内醚半乳糖含量进行化学分析表明:龙须菜琼胶的灰分比石花菜琼胶和碱处理后的其它两种红藻琼胶高。坛紫菜琼胶的3,6-内醚半乳糖含量最高。碱处理对不同红藻琼胶的灰分、水解硫酸根、3,6-内醚半乳糖含量影响不同。同种方法处理海藻,所得琼胶的这些化学成分含量大小顺序也不一样。总糖含量测定结果都相当高,各琼胶样品的主要成分为多糖。对8个琼胶样品进行了~(13)C-NMR谱和IR光谱的测定。~(13)C-NMR谱表明所有测试样品均以无取代琼胶糖为主要成分,不含红藻淀粉。无碱法坛紫菜琼胶还含有一定量的琼胶糖前体及很少量的6-甲氧基-D-半乳糖-3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖;稀碱法坛紫菜不含琼胶糖前体,但仍含6-甲氧基-D-半乳糖-3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖;稀碱法伊谷草琼胶含有少量D-半乳糖-2-甲氧基-3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖。实验中的龙须菜琼胶无甲氧基取代。IR光谱表明除无碱法坛紫菜琼胶外,各样品都有较尖锐的3,6-内醚半乳糖吸收峰。无碱法坛紫菜琼胶硫酸基的吸收峰较强,硫酸基取代主要在6位。稀碱法伊谷草琼胶的硫酸基取代主要在D-半乳糖的4位。碱处理前,石花菜琼胶、龙须菜琼胶及坛紫菜琼胶都有弱的肽键吸收峰。碱处理可消除6位硫酸基和少量的蛋白质。对所有理化性质数据两两进行相关性分析。有负相关性的最为:硫酸根含量与3,6-内醚半乳糖含量、总糖含量与硫酸根含量、3,6-内醚半乳糖含量与灰分、总糖含量与灰分、琼胶得率与灰分;有正相关性的量为:硫酸根含量与灰分、凝固温度与3,6-内醚半乳糖含量、凝胶强度与3,6-内醚半乳糖含量、凝胶强度与总糖含量。综合考察认为,我国的三种琼胶海藻均为优质的琼胶原料。提取琼胶时,石花菜不用碱处理,龙须菜和坛紫菜则必须经过碱处理。从灰分和硫酸基含量角度分析,石花菜琼胶优于坛紫菜琼胶,后者又优于龙须菜琼胶。凝固温度与甲氧基含量及其位置有关。

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为研究鄂霍次克海天然气水合物区沉积物古菌、甲烷厌氧氧化古菌和硫酸盐还原细菌的多样性分布,我们以PCR技术为基础构建mcrA、dsrAB和古菌16S rRNA 基因文库。对所获得的序列进行系统进化和统计学分析发现:鄂霍次克海古菌类群主要为Marine Benthic Group D (MBG-D)、Marine Benthic Group B (MBG-B)、Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MG- I),另外少量古菌16S rRNA基因序列为Anaerobic Methanotrophs 2c(ANME-2c),主要分布在LV39-25H岩心的表层沉积物中。LV39-40H岩心表层的古菌群落结构与其他六个层位古菌群落结构相比有着显著的差异。mcrA基因序列主要为催化甲烷厌氧氧化的古菌ANME-2(c和d簇),在所研究的各个层位的沉积物中均广泛分布。少量的ANME-1(a簇)发现于LV39-40H岩心表层以下的沉积物中。产甲烷古菌数目不多,集中分布在LV39-25H岩心200cm和LV39-40H岩心180cm的沉积物中。dsrAB基因文库分析表明硫酸盐还原细菌种类丰富,表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原细菌多样性最高。在两个岩心所有层位的沉积物中都有一定数量的克隆属于DSS簇,它们可能与ANME共生催化甲烷的厌氧氧化作用。总之,所有数据表明在鄂霍次克海天然气水合物区存在着较活跃的甲烷厌氧氧化作用,揭示了参与甲烷厌氧氧化作用的微生物群落结构和多样性。 为研究东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥质区不同深度沉积物中古菌群落垂向分布特征,通过古菌16S rRNA 基因文库共得到473个有效克隆50个OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units)。16S rRNA基因序列系统进化和统计分析发现古菌分别归属于泉古生菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古生菌(Euryarchaeota),其中以Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)为主,仅含少量的MBG-B、South African Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group(SAGMEG)、 ANME-3、MG- I和MBG-D。该泥质区沉积物可能存在由ANME-3催化的甲烷厌氧氧化作用,同源序列分析表明其古菌群落分布与周边环境有较大联系。UniFrac与沉积物环境因子分析表明该泥质区古菌群落垂向分布与沉积物有机质含量和粒度变化密切相关。 通过对比发现,鄂霍次克海天然气水合物区甲烷厌氧氧化古菌主要为ANME-2和少量的ANME-1,而东海内陆架泥质区甲烷厌氧氧化古菌仅为极少量的ANME-3;鄂霍次克海天然气水合物区广古生菌和泉古生菌数量各占一半,主要为MBG-D、MBG-B、MG-I。东海内陆架泥质区沉积物古菌序列主要为泉古生菌(MCG)。海域类型的不同以及有机碳含量等环境因子的差异可能是这两个海域古菌群落结构差异的主要原因.

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本文对我国胶州湾养殖的主要滤食性贝类菲律宾蛤仔的生理生态学进行了系统研究,通过资料收集、现场调查、定点连续观测、现场模拟实验等综合性方法探讨了菲律宾蛤仔养殖对胶州湾生态环境的影响。主要系统调查了不同季节胶州湾自然沉积物中C、N和P的变化;研究了菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积作用的周年变化;同时还研究了不同月份菲律宾蛤仔的耗氧率,排泄率的变化。结果如下: 1、综述了滤食性贝类通过滤食、生物沉积和呼吸排泄等作用对海区环境的影响,系统评述了埋栖性贝类生物沉积的测定方法及其生态效应。国际上已有不少研究专门报道了贝类在海区现场的生物沉积作用,而在我国,关于埋栖性贝类生物沉积特征的研究较少。 2、在胶州湾红岛附近养殖海区,从2003年10月到2004年7月以及2005年8月到2005年12月对菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积进行了现场测定。大、中和小规格菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率范围分别为121.6~1527.4mg/ind·d,49.5~902.1mg/ind·d,14.2~653.9mg/ind·d。海底自然沉积物OM分别为3.1%和5.7±1.1%。而大、中和小规格菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积物的OM分别为6.2±1.2%、5.9±1.3%和6.1±1.4%。大、中和小菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积物TP含量分别为399±26ppm,372±16ppm,345±15ppm。大、中和小规格蛤子生物沉积物中的OP分别为80±17ppm,92±12ppm和102±10ppm,明显高于对照沉积物的OP。生物沉积物中的OP/TP要明显高于对照沉积物,前者为23~25%,而后者仅为20%。菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率呈明显季节性变化,其与软体干重呈异速方程关系,a值的变化范围为0.85~4.50(平均为2.32)。菲律宾蛤仔贝肉的OC和ON含量分别为40.80±7.59%和的10.26±2.19%。贝壳的OM、TP、OP、OC和ON含量分别为3.28±0.47%、109.2±16.6ppm、64±22.9ppm、12.21±0.30%和0.19±0.05%。 3、不同规格菲律宾蛤仔的代谢率呈明显季节变化。7月份,单位个体菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率最高为1.72 g/ind•h;8月份,排氨率和排磷率达到最高,分别为2.44μmol/ind•h、0.58μmol/ind•h。菲律宾蛤仔的O:N在10.7~31.9范围内,O:N和N:P具有明显的季节变化,8月份最大。 4、研究了本湾底质环境特征,测定了自然沉积物的OM、OC、ON、TP和OP的含量。胶州湾站位沉积物的有机质和C、N、P含量季节变化不大,有机质含量大约为3.5%,OC和ON含量大约为0.7%和0.06%。TP含量为285ppm左右,OP含量大约为50ppm。养殖海区沉积物有机质和C、N、P的含量明显高于非养殖海区沉积物含量,其C/N、C/OP和OP/TP一般也比非养殖海区站位高。 夏季,胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖区(平均密度按600ind/m2计算)单位面积(m2)的生物沉积速率平均为176g/m2•d,对于整个海湾,将有1.2万吨的悬浮颗粒物通过贝类排粪作用沉积到海底。通过菲律宾蛤仔的呼吸作用,单位面积(m2)的耗氧量为6.67gO2/m2•d;同时从海底向水体释放大约为16.7μmolN /m2•d和3.3μmolP/m2•d的溶解态N和P;对于整个海湾,菲律宾蛤仔将耗掉水体中的467T/d氧气,同时向水体中释放16.4T/d氨氮和7.2T/d无机磷。对于半封闭的胶州湾,大规模菲律宾蛤仔的滩涂养殖其产生的生物沉积物聚集于海底可能会对海区底部的物理化学和生物环境产生很大影响;而氧的消耗、氨和无机磷的排泄,会对水层中的物理化学环境和营养盐循环产生很大影响。从而由此推测,菲律宾蛤仔高密度大规模的养殖,在整个胶州湾水层-底栖系统耦合作用中可能起着很重要的作用。

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本论文选取4株胶州湾海洋放线菌和4株条斑紫菜丝状体相关丝状真菌,进行了次级代谢产物的分离纯化与鉴定,共得到78个单体化合物,其中10个为新颖结构。对部分纯化合物进行了抑菌,抗肿瘤活性测试,并对菌株进行了菌种鉴定。具体结果如下: 从胶州湾放线菌M491,M097,M361和M353得到40个单体化合物,其中6个为新颖结构化合物。从M491分离到14个单体化合物,包括2个新结构倍半萜15-hydroxy-T-muurolol (1a)和11,15-dihydroxy-T-muurolol (1b),2个首次报道的微生物来源的倍半萜T-muurolol (2b)和3α-hydroxy-T-muurolol (2c),2个新颖结构大环内酯chalcomycin C (7)和chalcomycin D (8)。制备了3-oxo-T-muurolol (2a)单晶体,纠正了前人发表的错误结构。从M353分离得到10个化合物,包括2个新颖倍半萜5-hydroxy-epi-isozizaene (28)和5,14-dihydroxy-isozizaene (30)。自M097和M361分别分离得到12个,4个已知结构化合物。 从健康条斑紫菜丝状体分离得到了12株真菌。从优势附生菌N5分离得到了12个化合物,包括phenylacetic acid (42),p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (43)和L-β-phenyllactic acid (49)等广谱抗生素和紫菜生长调节剂。 对分离自白斑病条斑紫菜丝状体真菌N27,EF8,GA4进行了次级代谢产物研究,分离得到38个单体化合物。从GA4分离得到了16个化合物,4个为新结构化合物,包括1个酰脲类化合物hualyzin (62)和3个phenalenone族新化合物7-methyl isonorherqueinone (69),7,8-dimethyl atrovenetin (70)和8-methyl-deoxyherqueinone (73)。从真菌N27和EF8分别分离得到12个和2个已知结构化合物。 采用MTT法,对37株人体肿瘤细胞株活性表明:chalcomycin C (7)和chalcomycin D (8)具有非常强的细胞毒活性,其平均IC50分别为0.027 μg/mL和0.007 μg/mL。7,8-Dimethyl atrovenetin (71)和8-methyl deoxyherqueinone (73)具有中等细胞毒活性,其平均IC50分别为5.1 μg/mL和0.7 μg/mL。 此外,本文首次报道了几个已知化合物的细胞毒活性,分别是chalcomycin (0.015 μg/mL),kalamycin (0.06 µg/mL),(+)-homononactic acid(1.9 µg/mL),(+)-nonactic acid(2.3 µg/mL),griseoviridin(3.9 µg/mL),cyclo(L-Trp-L-Phe)(3.3 µg/mL),WIN 64821(5.8 µg/mL)和3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone(3.3 µg/mL)。 菌种鉴定结果表明:M353归属链霉菌,GA4,N27归属青霉属,EF8归属曲霉属,N5为枝孢霉属。

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Novel microbiocides 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzo[d)isothiazol-3(2H)-one (7) and (3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl)methyl benzencarboxylates (11a-c) were synthesized in good yields, and their structures were characterized by means of H-1 NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The new compounds were tested preliminarily in laboratory assays against the aquicolous bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphyloccus aurueus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Bacillus subtilis. The results show all the synthesized compounds have good antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of all the tested compounds against all test bacteria is >96.6% at the concentration of 10(-2) mg mL(-1). These compounds can be further developed for effective microbiocides in the future.