三峡库区浮游生物群落DNA结构与水体理化因子的分析

本文对三峡水库大坝至香溪河段所设A、B���C、D、E、F和G等7个站点浮游生物群落DNA进行了RAPD分子生物学研究,并分析了其与水体理化因子的关系。各站点间RAPD研究表明:D和E首先聚到一组,然后与A聚到一起,最后与C聚成一大类;B���F聚成一大类;站点G独自归于一类。而理化因子聚类结果显示:B���先与C聚为一小类,再与D聚到一起,然后与G、F聚成的小类聚为一类,而E与A分别单独归为一类。比较发现,RAPD聚类结果中相距较近的站点在理化因子聚类中显示为相距较远的站点(如站点A、C、D、E之间),而在RAPD

三峡库区浮游生物群落结构与DNA多态性比较分析

以三峡库区所设A、B���C、D、E、F和G等7个站点为研究区域,利用RAPD技术就其浮游生物群落遗传多样性与物种多样性的关系进行了探索性研究．共鉴定出浮游生物41种,其中藻类4种,原生动物10种,轮虫类19种,枝角类4种,桡足类4种．物种组成相似性最高的是B���和C站,最低的是A站和F站．而站点间浮游生物群落遗传距离分析表明:相距最近的是C站与D站,最远的为D站与F站．树状聚类图也显示:各站点物种组成聚为一类;而DNA多态性RAPD最先聚在一起的是B���F,它们的对应枝由A、C、D、E构成,G单独成为一枝．研究

菜籽粕对异育银鲫免疫应答能力的影响

试验鱼以投喂饲料的不同和是否注射抗原共分为10组,即免疫组:A、B���C、D、E组,免疫对照组:a、b���c、de、组,饲料对照组:A、a组。饲料试验组B���C、D、E、bc、、d、e组。其中,饲料对照组以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,饲料试验组分别以双低菜籽粕和普通菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中50%(B���b;D、d)和100%(C、c;E、e)的豆粕蛋白,测定异育银鲫血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、血清补体(C3,C4)含量、血清凝集抗体效价及免疫保护率。结果表明:从免疫后21 d开始,饲料试验组E、

青海湖及其相邻水系特有裸鲤属鱼类的分子系统发育

对来自青海湖、黄河和柴达木水系特有的青海湖裸鲤、花斑裸鲤和斜口裸鲤149个个体的Cytb���因全序列进行了测定和分析.一致的系统进化树显示,以上3个物种并未形成3个独立的单系群;而是分为3个谱系:谱系A包括青海湖裸鲤、斜口裸鲤和黄河花斑裸鲤的一部分;谱系B���黄河花斑裸鲤的另一部分组成;谱系C则由来自柴达木盆地格尔木河的花斑裸鲤形成单系群.AMOVA分析显示,大部分的遗传变异来自于谱系间(93.12%),提出该地区裸鲤属鱼类存在3个多样化谱系.青海湖裸鲤与其甘子河亚种在Cytb���平没有形成分化,不支持青海湖裸

几种罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的电泳研究

用淀粉凝胶垂直平板电泳比较分析了三种口孵类型罗非鱼的6种组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶谱及其相对迁移特性,发现这两种同工酶在各个种内表现出组织的分布特异性,而在各个种间又具有明显的差异。利用LDH同工酶的F基因和MDH同工酶的A、B���C、D基因作为遗传标志,能够将亲缘关系相近的这三种罗非鱼区别开来,从而为形态分类学提供了新的生化证据,并且对于以育种为目的的亲本选择,具有一定的实用意义。

Properties of exchange interaction in Yb3Fe5O12 under extreme conditions

In Yb3Fe5O12, the exchange effective field can be expressed as H-eff = -lambda center dot center dot center dot M-Fe = -lambda chi(eff)center dot center dot center dot H-e = -gamma center dot center dot center dot H-e where gamma is named as the exchange field parameter and H-e is the external magnetic field. Then, in this paper, by the discussions on the characteristics of the exchange field parameter gamma, the properties of exchange interaction in ytterbium iron garnet (Yb3Fe5O12) are analyzed under extreme conditions (high magnetic fields and low temperatures). Our theory suggests that the exchange field parameter gamma is the function of the temperatures under different external magnetic fields, and gamma = a+b center dot center dot center dot T+c center dot center dot center dot T-2, where the coefficients a, b, c are associated with the external magnetic fields and the magnetized directions. Thus, the temperature-dependence, field-dependence and anisotropic characteristics of the exchange interaction in Yb3Fe5O12 are revealed. Also, excellent fits to the available experiments are obtained. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermal entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ spin chain under an inhomogeneous magnetic field

The thermal entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ spin chain is investigated under an inhomogeneous magnetic field b. We show that the ground-state entanglement is independent of the interaction of z-component J(z). The thermal entanglement at the fixed temperature can be enhanced when J(z) increases. We strictly show that for any temperature T and J(z), the entanglement is symmetric with respect to zero inhomogeneous magnetic field, and the critical inhomogeneous magnetic field b(c) is independent of J(z). The critical magnetic field B-c increases with the increasing parallel to b parallel to but the maximum entanglement value that the system can arrive at becomes smaller.

Preparation and AFM characterization of self-ordered porous alumina films on semi-insulated gaas substrate

Self-ordered porous alumina films on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate were prepared in oxalic acid aqueous solutions by three-step anodization. The I-t curve of anodization process was recorded to observe time effects of anodization. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate structure and morphology of alumina films. It was revealed that the case of oxalic acid resulted in a self-ordered porous structure, with the pore diameters of 60-70 nm, the pore density of the order of about 10(10) pore cm(-2), and interpore distances of 95-100nm. At the same time the pore size and shape change with the pore widening time. Field-enhanced dissolution model and theory of deformation relaxation combined were brought forward to be the cause of self-ordered pore structure according to I-t curve of anodization and structure characteristics of porous alumina films. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A 16-term error model based on linear equations of voltage and current variables

Formulation of a 16-term error model, based on the four-port ABCD-matrix and voltage and current variables, is outlined. Matrices A, B, C, and D are each 2 x 2 submatrices of the complete 4 x 4 error matrix. The corresponding equations are linear in terms of the error parameters, which simplifies the calibration process. The parallelism with the network analyzer calibration procedures and the requirement of five two-port calibration measurements are stressed. Principles for robust choice of equations are presented. While the formulation is suitable for any network analyzer measurement, it is expected to be a useful alternative for the nonlinear y-parameter approach used in intrinsic semiconductor electrical and noise parameter measurements and parasitics' deembedding.

The effects of nonlinear couplings and external magnetic field on the thermal entanglement in a two-spin-qutrit system

We investigate the effects of nonlinear couplings and external magnetic field on the thermal entanglement in a two-spin-qutrit system by applying the concept of negativity. It is found that the nonlinear couplings favor the thermal entanglement creating. Only when the nonlinear couplings vertical bar K vertical bar are larger than a certain critical value does the entanglement exist. The dependence of the thermal entanglement in this system on the magnetic field and temperature is also presented. The critical magnetic field increases with the increasing nonlinear couplings constant vertical bar K vertical bar. And for a fixed nonlinear couplings constant, the critical temperature is independent of the magnetic field B. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and AFM characterization of self-ordered porous alumina films on semi-insulated gaas substrate

Self-ordered porous alumina films on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate were prepared in oxalic acid aqueous solutions by three-step anodization. The I-t curve of anodization process was recorded to observe time effects of anodization. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate structure and morphology of alumina films. It was revealed that the case of oxalic acid resulted in a self-ordered porous structure, with the pore diameters of 60-70 nm, the pore density of the order of about 10(10) pore cm(-2), and interpore distances of 95-100nm. At the same time the pore size and shape change with the pore widening time. Field-enhanced dissolution model and theory of deformation relaxation combined were brought forward to be the cause of self-ordered pore structure according to I-t curve of anodization and structure characteristics of porous alumina films. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

钟控密钥流生成器及其密码性能

提出了一种新的钟控密钥流生成器,由3个移位寄存器组成:两个被钟控的线性反馈移位寄存器A和B,一个提供钟控信息的非线性反馈移位寄存器C。设A、B���C的长度分别为l1、l2和l3。移位寄存器A和B���钟控信息由从移位寄存器C选取的两个比特串提供,移位的次数分别是两个比特串的汉明重量。研究了该生成器的周期、线性复杂度和k错线性复杂度,分析了这种密钥流生成器的安全性。

沼气渣养殖蚯蚓的试验研究

本试验结果表明:(1)沼气渣可以用来养殖蚯蚓，但必须冲洗、凉干，排除过多的有毒气体.用醋酸调节PH值，用稻谷糠改变C/N和增加通气性.(2)不同配比的沼气渣对蚯蚓的增长速度、繁殖倍数的影响有所不同，其中B���最好，A组次之，C组最差，这是因为各组的C/N不同，B���的C/N最适于蚯蚓的生长繁殖之故.本试验研究提出了一个以稻草为原料，沼气发酵为基础，蚯蚓为中心环节的良性生态循环.这种循环不但能提高稻草的经济效益，而且是消除环境污染，解决农村能源的一个简便实惠、行之有效的办法.

土壤扩蓄增容肥对土壤养分含量及小麦产量影响的试验研究

本研究采用大田试验,分析了秸秆配方和废料配方两种土壤扩蓄增容肥对冬小麦生育期土壤有机质、主要速效养分和产量的影响。试验采用4因素(品种A、秸秆配方B���建筑垃圾配方C、灌水D)3水平正交试验设计。结果表明:施加土壤扩蓄增容肥可以有效提高土壤有机质含量达3.84g/kg;在节水条件下,能明显提高土壤速效养分的含量,增加了小麦对养分的吸收量,并优化了小麦对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收比例;并且施加土壤扩蓄增容肥较对照产量提高15%,且秸秆配方在各方面的效果均优于废料配方。

聚芳醚酮及聚谷氨酸苄酯的亚稳性研究

人类对凝聚态物质的亚稳性的认识已经有了相当长的时间。常温常压下，热力学上更不稳定的、而实际上存在的相，都可称之为亚稳相。由于聚合物分子尺寸很大，分子运动的时间尺度具有很宽的范围，因此，在极大多数情况下，聚合物都处于亚稳态下。研究聚合物相行为和相变中的亚稳性，了解并认识亚稳态的存在、演变和终结，对于充分理解高分子凝聚态物理学的基本问题具有极其重要的科学意义，将为高分子材料的加工和功能开发提供新的途径和理论基础。本文正是基于这样一种广义的亚稳性概念，分别研究了聚芳醚酮系列聚合物的形态多样性、物理老化现象和双熔融峰行为以及聚谷氨酸苄酯的超分子组装和构象转变。首先实现了聚醚酮酮的溶液结晶，获得了单晶状片晶，揭示了聚醚酮酮结晶时优先生成片晶的特征。研究了聚醚醚酮酮的物理老化现象，提出了“亚稳刚性非晶相”概念，指出了刚性非晶相中的局部有序性。进一步探索了聚醚醚酮的双熔融峰行为，首次引入“亚稳熔体”概念，解释了亚稳晶体向更稳定晶体的转化。首次应用AFM技术观察到聚谷氨酸苄酯的高有序化组装特征，发现其中存在着侧链苯环间的亚稳性超分子组装结构。应用高分辨核磁共振技术深入研究了聚谷氨酸苄酯在二氯乙烷／二氯乙酸混合溶剂中的构象稳定性，阐明了聚谷氨酸苄酯的构象转变是受慢反应机理控制的，其中质子对分子内氢键的破坏是一个热力学平衡过程，进而揭示了聚谷氨酸苄酯／二氯乙烷／二氯乙酸三元体系的相态稳定性与高分子链构象稳定性的密切相关性，指出聚谷氨酸苄酯存在两种亚稳构象，即无规线团构象和螺旋链构象，这两种亚稳构象的存在决定了聚谷氨酸苄酯／二氯乙烷／二氯乙酸三元体系相态的亚稳性。主要结论如下：1．PEKK(T/I)结晶时优先生成片晶织构。a轴和b���位于晶片平面内，c轴则垂直于晶片平面；b���方向为片晶的优先生长方向。从熔融状态等温结晶时，平躺和侧放的片晶相互交错生长构成了辐射状的球晶。从溶液中结晶时既生成“初生态”球晶，也生成单晶状片晶。利用高分辨电镜技术研究了PEKK(T/I)晶体的微区结构。发现PEKK(T/I)晶体中存在许多缺陷，这些缺陷使得品格弯折。2．淬火的PEEKK玻璃态试样处于非平衡状态下，物理老化可引起亚稳玻璃体分子链的局部调整，形成刚性非晶相(Rigid Amorphous Phase)。物理老化时间越长，PEEKK玻璃体中生成的刚性非晶相越多。刚性非晶相中分子链间存在一定的有序性，可以在随后的PEEKK的结晶中起初级晶核的作用，从而降低PEEKK的结晶活化能。3．等温结晶处理的PEEK中分布着两种不同厚度的片晶。这些片晶相互堆砌在一起形成球晶结构。从热力学稳定性和动力学稳定性两方面考虑，这些片晶是亚稳片晶。其中，厚片晶比较稳定，因而在加热至通常的熔融温度前，可稳定存在。但是薄片晶则更不稳定，在加热过程中它要转变成为亚稳熔体；亚稳熔体只能短时存在，它很快就发生重结晶转变为更稳定的晶片。亚稳熔体的结晶过程非常快，它借助样品中已有的厚晶片作为晶核，从厚晶片表面直接向外生长。4．首次应用AFM技术观察到PBLG和PBDG分子的左、右手螺旋结构。揭示了PBLG或PBDG在云母表面上的高度有序化组装。发现PBLG或PBDG分子在云母表面上通过侧向和端基间的相互作用沿着云母表面[100]方向作有组装，进而形成向列相织构。在消旋的PBG共混物中，PBLG侧链上的苯环与PBDG侧链上的苯环之间可以形成规则堆砌结构。这种有序的苯环堆砌结构的形成促成了PBLG与PBDG螺旋分子间的超分子组装。当它们从溶液中析出时可形成纳米级的超分子纤维。5．应用NMR技术研究了PBLG／DCE／DCA三组分体系中PBLG构象的相互转变。在不同的温度下，PBLG可以以无规线团构象或α-螺旋构象存在。无规线团构象和α-螺旋构象在一定的温度范围内可发生相互转变：这种转变并不是受快速的反应过程控制的，而是由非常慢的成核机理控制的一个动力学平衡过程。NMR谱中碳共振双峰和质子共振双峰的出现正是这种动力学平衡的结果。PBLG／DCE／DCA三组分体系从低温到高温分别表现出各相同性态、各相同性与胆甾液晶共存态、胆甾液晶态和高温各相同性态等不同的相态织构。这些相态织构的出现是受PBLG分子的构象决定的。PBLG分子构象表现出强烈的温度依赖性，进而使得PBLG／DCE／DCA三组分体系的相态稳定性也表现出强烈的温度依赖性。