Selective metallization on insulator surfaces with femtosecond laser pulses

We report selective metallization on surfaces of insulators ( glass slides and lithium niobate crystal) based on femtosecond laser modification combined with electroless plating. The process is mainly composed of four steps: (1) formation of silver nitrate thin films on the surfaces of glass or crystal substrates; (2) generation of silver particles in the irradiated area by femtosecond laser direct writing; (3) removal of unirradiated silver nitrate films; and (4) selective electroless plating in the modified area. We discuss the mechanism of selective metallization on the insulators. Moreover, we investigate the electrical and adhesive properties of the copper microstructures patterned on the insulator surfaces, showing great potential of integrating electrical functions into lab-on-a-chip devices. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Trapping of neutral Rb-87 atoms on an atomchip

We report an experiment of trapping of neutral Rb-87 atoms on a, self-made atomchip. The H-shaped atomchip is made by magnetron sputtering technology, which is different from the atomchip technology of other teams. We collect 3 x 10(6) Rb-87 atoms in the mirror magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the external MOT coils, and 1 X 10(5) Rb-87 atoms are transferred to U-MOT using U-shaped wire in chip and a pair of bias coils.

用原子芯片操纵中性原子

原子芯片提供了一个稳定、精确且功能强大的实验平台来制备和操纵中性超冷原子。本文概述了近年来原子芯片的研究发展状况，并介绍了原子芯片上微势阱的设计原理以及几个典型的原子芯片实验，然后讨论了芯片实验中的原子损失、加热和退相干机制，最后对原子芯片可能的发展方向进行了预测。

A radio frequency field guide using field induced adiabatic potential

We study the behaviour of atoms in a field with both static magnetic field and radio frequency (rf) magnetic field. We calculate the adiabatic potential of atoms numerically beyond the usually rotating wave approximation, and it is pointed that there is a great difference between using these two methods. We find the preconditions when RWA is valid. In the extreme of static field almost parallel to rf field, we reach an analytic formula. Finally, we apply this method to Rb-87 and propose a guide based on an rf field on atom chip.

利用原子芯片上Z形磁阱囚禁中性^87Rb原子

利用解析和数值方法计算了Z形磁阱的囚禁势,发现当囚禁中心和芯片表面距离较远时（该距离和Z形线中部导线的一半长度相差不超过一个量级）,势阱的深度不能近似表示成偏置磁场By对应的能量,而要减去囚禁中心的势能高度;而增加By进行磁阱压缩到一定值时,势阱深度反而会下降.此外介绍了原子芯片的制作方法,以及利用原子芯片上Z形磁阱囚禁中性87Rb原子的实验装置和实验过程.最终有2×10^6个^87Rb原子被转移到Z形磁阱中.

利用本征脸方法减少冷原子云吸收成像照片中的干涉条纹

本征脸方法是广泛应用于人脸识别的一种图像处理方法，本文将其引入到原子芯片上囚禁的冷原子云吸收成像照片的图像处理中，以减少其中的干涉条纹，增加信噪比。本文首先介绍了吸收成像照片的标准处理方法以及干涉条纹的产生原因，由于参考照片和吸收成像照片中的干涉条纹会发生随机的相对变化，处理后干涉条纹难以消除。和标准的处理方法相比，本征脸方法不是使用1张而是50张参考照片，利用这些照片重构出一张新的参考照片，这张照片比那50张中的任何一张都更近似于吸收成像照片，因此和只使用1张参考照片相比，处理之后的干涉条纹对比度明显降

用于机载激光测深系统的时间间隔测量模块

机载海洋激光测深系统不仅要求精确测量激光从海表的入射点到海底目标点之间的距离，还要精确测定飞机到海表入射，点之间的距离，为水深数据的海浪校正而确定平均海平面以及波高。为此设计和研制了一高精度时间间隔测量器，该单元基于专用时间数字转换芯片开发，采用延迟线插入法技术，双通道工作，具有高时间分辨率(最高可达250ps)和高测量重复率的特性。给出硬件和软件设计方法以及单元的测试结果。

Comparison of spectroscopic parameters of 15 at% Yb : YAlO3 and 15 at% Yb : Y3Al5O12

Yb: YAlO3 (YAP) (15 at %) and Yb: Y3Al5O12 (YAG)(15 at %) have been grown using the Czochralski method. Their absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured at room temperature and important spectroscopic parameters were calculated. Through the comparison of spectroscopic parameters of Yb:YAP and Yb: YAG, all results indicate that 15 at % Yb:YAP crystal is a potential candidate used for compact, efficient thin chip lasers when the laser output wavelength is 1012 or 103 8 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ti:sapphire laser pumped high average power laser crystal Nd:GGG with high efficiency output

High-quality neodymium doped GGG laser crystals have been grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. Results of Nd:GGG thin chip laser operating at 1.064 μm pumped by Ti:sapphire laser operating at 808 nm were reported. The slop efficiency was as high as 20%.

Growth and spectroscopic characteristics of Yb : LPS single crystal

For the first time, a high optical quality Yb3+-doped lutetium pyrosilicate laser crystal Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) was grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The segregation coefficient of ytterbium ion in Yb:LPS crystal detected by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (TCP-AES) method is equal to 0.847. X-ray powder diffraction result confirms the C2/m phase monoclinic space group of the grown crystal and the peaks corresponding to different phases were indexed. The absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as fluorescence decay lifetime of Yb3+ ion in LPS have been investigated. The absorption and fluorescence cross-sections of the transitions F-2(7/2) <-> F-2(5/2) of Yb3+ ion in LPS crystal have been determined. The advantages of the Yb:LPS crystal including high crystal quality, quasi-four-level laser operating scheme, high absorption cross-sections (1.33 x 10(-2) cm(2)) and particularly broad emission bandwidth (similar to 62 nm) indicated that the Yb:LPS crystal seemed to be a promising candidate used as compact, efficient thin chip lasers when LD is pumped at 940 and 980 nm due to its low-symmetry monoclinic structure and single crystallographic site. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

光栅位移测量系统的误差自修正方法研究

文中介绍的误差自修正方法是通过光栅位移测量系统中单片机对光栅传感器的多个零位信号进行计数,并根据测量值和系统设定值得到的误差函数自动进行误差修正。实验结果表明,该方法对光栅位移测量系统的误差既可自动进行有效的修正,又可提高系统的测量精度。

水稻转录因子编码基因的表达谱和功能分析

水稻是重要的经济作物，也是单子叶植物分子遗传研究的模式植物。对水稻生长发育中基因的表达调控研究将为其遗传改良提供重要线索。转录因子在植物发育过程中对基因表达调控起关键作用，对其表达谱和功能的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。 本研究一方面在水稻基因组水平上，利用cDNA芯片技术研究了水稻(中花11)种子发育过程中388个转录相关基因的表达谱;另一方面，在分离转录因子基因的基础上，利用分子生物学和遗传学方法研究了有关基因详细、具体的表达特征和功能。 利用cDNA芯片技术鉴定了123个种子优先表达、属于12类不同表达模式的转录相关基因。首次发现了许多主要在种子发育特定阶段表达的转录相关基因，还发现一些种子优先表达的转录相关基因参与了激素和非生物胁迫信号转导，为阐释水稻种子发育中的转录调节和信号网络的分子基础提供了很多有价值的线索。 在相关基因工作方面，分离了一个MADS-box类转录因子编码基因OsMDP（全长），表达模式析以及初步的功能分析揭示该基因作为一个负调控因子参与了BR控制的水稻叶节弯曲、胚芽鞘伸长、主根伸长等过程的信号转导，为水稻根、叶、胚芽鞘的发育、以及BR信号转导机制的研究提供了线索。 另外，从水稻的cDNA文库中分离并初步研究了三个分属BELL1、KNOX和HD-ZIP亚族的同源盒基因（片段），OsHB1主要和水稻种子发育相联系，OsHB2可能参与激素调节的发育或响应，OsHB3和水稻花药早期发育相关、对花药早期发育的调控研究有一定价值。

二穗短柄草的遗传转化及VER2等基因在水稻中的功能初探

作为模式植物，水稻和拟南芥对于禾本科植物的研究都有其不足，二穗短柄草（Brachypodiumdistachyon）有望成为它们良好的补充。它具有作为一种模式植物所应该具有的各项优点，并且它与温带禾本科植物的亲缘关系比水稻更近。建立其良好转化体系是其成功应用的一环。本论文第一章以建立其农杆菌转化体系为目的，成功的诱导了其胚性愈伤组织，获得了潮霉素抗性愈伤，发现乙酰丁香酮浓度与转化效率的关系，并证明Silwet L-77对提高其转化效率有明显的作用，为进一步完善其转化体系打下了基础。 VER2是由本实验室发现的小麦春化相关基因，并己证明它可能参与春化过程中O-CJlcNAc介导的信号传导。本论文第二章研究了将VER2在水稻中过表达所引起的表型，发现VER2与光有类似的抑制根生长的作用，并且能够互相影响对方的表型，说明二者在水稻内调控根生长的信号途径既有共同的作用，但是又相互制约。进一步的研究有可能会找到水稻根内IAA响应的重要因子。 在第三章中，根据芯片数据克隆了水稻的十个可能与赤霉素、茉莉酸和减数分裂相关的上下调基因，并对其中四个利用过表达和RNAi技术进行了水稻转化，以研究它们在水稻中的功能。其中一个基因过表达的表型与赤霉素缺陷造成矮化和叶色深绿两个特征一致，而RNAi导致植株高度增加、叶色黄绿。而该基因受赤霉素诱导上调的程度在三个芯片杂交结果中最大(log2=2.3275)这一点也为其功能提供了很好的提示，即可能参与了赤霉素信号途径。

Detection of microcystins in environmental samples using surface plasmon resonance biosensor

An indirect inhibitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunoassay was developed for the microcystins (MCs) detection. The bioconjugate of MC-LR and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobilized on a CM5 sensor chip. A serial premixture of MC-LR standards (or samples) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) were injected over the functional sensor surface, and the subsequent specific immunoreaction was monitored on the BIAcore 3000 biosensor and generated a signal with an increasing intensity in response to the decreasing MCs concentration. The developed SPR immunoassay has a wide quantitative range in 1-100 mu g L-1. Although not as sensitive as conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the SPR biosensor offered unique advantages: (I) the sensor chip could be reusable without any significant loss in its binding activity after 50 assay-regeneration cycles, (2) one single assay could be accomplished in 50 min (including 30-min preincubation and 20-min BIAcore analysis), and (3) this method did not require multiple steps. The SPR biosensor was also used to detect MCs in environmental samples, and the results compared well with those obtained by ELISA. We conclude that the SPR biosensor offers outstanding advantages for the MCs detection and may be further developed as a field-portable sensor for real-time monitoring of MCs on site in the near future. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Multiplex detection of mutations in clinical isolates of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by short oligonucleotide Ligation assay on DNA chips

A new approach, short-oligonucleotide-ligation assay on DNA chip (SOLAC), is developed to detect mutations in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The method needs only four common probes to detect 15 mutational variants of the rpoB gene within 12 h. Fifty-five rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates were analyzed, resulting in 87.3% accuracy and 83.6% concordance relative to DNA sequencing.