上海市几条黑臭河道治理效果的比较与分析

上海市黑臭河道水环境治理技术及其管理标准研究项目(0549061401)资助

菖蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

采用两厢培养池研究了菖蒲(Acoruscalamus)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)的化感抑制作用.结果表明,在排除藻菌作用和营养竞争前提下,共培养条件下的菖蒲可抑制微囊藻的生长,使藻液光密度(OD680)降低;抑制效应取决于菖蒲和微囊藻之间的相对生物量,实验条件下100g菖蒲在初始藻液光密度为0.2时有最强抑藻效应;抑藻化感物质的释放与菖蒲根茎密切相关,根茎受损的菖蒲无抑藻效应;在抑藻过程中对藻细胞的生理指标分析表明,菖蒲的存在降低了藻细胞内的蛋白含量,使SOD、MDA和CA

雨水和表面活性剂的淋溶对河道底泥中多氯联苯迁移的影响

利用雨水和表面活性剂(LAS、AE9和NPE10)淋溶多氯联苯(PCBs)污染的河道底泥柱,初步探讨了它们对表层底泥中PCBs洗脱量的影响,同时也研究了从表层洗脱出的PCBs随着淋洗液在下层底泥中的纵向迁移。淋洗液包括雨水和浓度均为1500mg.L-1的LAS、AE9、NPE10溶液以及浓度都是1500mg.L-1的AE9+NPE10和LAS+NPE10混和溶液。实验发现:雨水和同浓度的表面活性剂溶液对表层底泥中PCBs洗脱量大小依次为:雨水

微囊藻及其毒素的分子生物学研究进展

论述了微囊藻的分子进化,以生化组成和细胞学特征为基础的各种分类方法;探讨了微囊藻基因组的限制性内切障碍,总结了目前为止微囊藻基因克隆中所采用的方法;系统归纳了微囊藻毒素合成酶基因的研究进展,指出了开展做囊藻分子遗传学的研究的重要性.

曝气对两种不同类型沉积物中重金属释放的影响

利用东湖及长江两种不同类型的沉积物,研究了曝气对沉积物中重金属释放的影响,并对酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)的氧化及重金属的释放过程进行了非线性拟合.结果表明,在曝气条件下,AVS被氧化,沉积物pH值降低,与之相结合的重金属被释放出来.在两种沉积物中发生的AVS氧化反应属于同一类型反应;湖泊沉积物中重金属的溶出反应与AVS氧化密切相关,而河流沉积物中重金属的溶出反应则还与铁锰氧化物及有机质的变化有关.

草鱼、中华鳖造血器官和血细胞凝集素结合部位的观察

国家自然科学基金 (No .3 0 0 70 5 88); 湖北省自然科学基金; 中国科学院所长择优基金资助项目

富营养浅水湖泊的退化与生态恢复

初步讨论了富营养浅水湖泊的退化现象和造成退化的主要原因，对湖泊生态恢复的目标和对策等问题也作了探讨。以武汉东湖为例，提出以水源保护地为主要功能的富营养浅水湖泊的恢复和整体优化对策，即恢复沉水植被、建立控制面源污染的半自然的人工湿地生态系统、优化水产养殖结构和恢复湖泊生物多样性等。对生物操纵在长江中下游富营养浅水湖泊恢复中的作用也进行了讨论

酸化水体中的藻类研究

为研究酸沉降对水生生态系统的影响，１９９１年至１９９２年间，对地处我国重酸雨区域的重庆市郊６个水体中的藻类进行了比较研究，结果表明，绿藻门的种类最多，占种类总数的５０％以上，其次是蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素ａ，在酸化水体中（ｐＨ值＜５．０）分别为２３．３～４９．９万个／Ｌ，０．５９～１．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．６５～３．０１ｍｇ／ｍ３；在轻度酸化水体（６．０＞ｐＨ值＞５．０）分别为４３３．９～６８０．０万个／Ｌ，６．６～２１．７５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１４．６６～２５．１９ｍｇ／ｍ３。三项指标均随水体酸度的

复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间遗传异质性的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳,分析比较了4个不同的银鲫雌核发育系、红鲤和复合四倍体异育银鲫鳍的5种不同的同工酶(EST、LDH、SOD、IDHP、MDH)及蛋白表型的差异,表明复合四倍体异育银鲫表型上的差异主要是来自银鲫种内的遗传差异(不同的雌核发育系)。来源于同一个银鲫雌核发育系的复合四倍体异育银鲫,个体间的EST同工酶出现差异,并与父本红鲤的EST同工酶的多态性相关,因此,复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间的异质性也包含了来自父本的遗传影响。在所检测的6个指标中,鳍中的蛋白和EST同工酶可作为鉴别不同复合四倍体异育

洪湖野菰及其化学成分分析

野菰(Zizania latifolia)是湖北省洪湖中优势水生维管束植物,其群落占全湖355平方公里面积的127平方公里。茎和叶的年生物量为4379克鲜重/平方米,全湖总年产量121700吨干重,目前未被利用。野菰各器官的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别以百分干重表示:根,7.0和4.76;根状茎,11.3和8.85;茎,9.5和7.15;嫩茎梢,22.4和16.53;叶,16.8和14.61。500克干叶的必需氨基酸含量接近100克干重草鱼幼鱼背肌的必需氨基酸含量。脂肪:叶中3.4～4.2,茎中2.2;粗纤维:

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) NKEF-B gene

Natural killer (NK) cell enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the newly defined peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. Its functions are to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and to protect DNA and proteins from oxidative damage. In this study, a partial cDNA sequence of carp NKEF-B was isolated from thymus cDNA library. Subsequently, the full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was obtained by means of 3' and 5' RACE, respectively. The full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was 1022 bp, consisting of a 73 bp 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR), a 355 bp T-terminal UTR, and a 594 bp open reading frame coding for a protein of 197 amino acids. Carp NKEF-B contained two consensus Val-Cys-Pro (VCP) motifs and three consensus cysteine (Cys-51, Cys-70 and Cys-172) residues. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp NKEF-B had an overall similarity of 74-96% to that of other species homologues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that carp NKEF-B forms a cluster with other known teleost NKEF-Bs. Then, by PCR we obtained a 5.1 -k long genomic DNA of carp NKEF-B containing six exons and five introns. Realtime RT-PCR results showed that carp NKEF-B gene was predominantly detected in kidney and head kidney under un-infected conditions. Whereas under SVCV-infection condition, the expression of NKEF-B gene was significantly increased in blood cells, gill, intestine and spleen, but maintained in liver, and decreased significantly in kidney and head kidney. Finally, the rNKEF-B was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. By using an antibody against carp rNKEF-B, immunohistochemical study further indicated that NKEF-B positive cells are mainly some RBCs and a few epithelial cells in gill and intestine, and that under SVCV-infection condition, these positive cells or positive products in their cytoplasm were mainly increased in gill and spleen sections of carp. The results obtained in the present study will help to understand the function of NKEF-B in teleost innate immunity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the PKZ gene in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus

Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) plays an important rote in interferon-induced antiviral responses, and is also involved in intracellular signaling pathways, including the apoptosis, proliferation, and transcription pathways. In the present study, a PKR-like gene was cloned and characterized from rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. The full length of the rare minnow PKR-like (GrPKZ) cDNA is 1946 bp in Length and encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 57,355 Da and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.83. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the mature peptide contains two Zalpha domains and one S_TKc domain, and is most similar to the crucian carp (Carassius auratus) PKR-like amino acid sequence with an identity of 77%. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that GrPKZ mRNA expression is at low levels in gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle and spleen tissues in healthy animals and up-regulated by viruses and bacteria. After being infected by grass carp reovirus, GrPKZ expression was up-regulated from 24 h post-injection and lasted until the fish became moribund (P < 0.05). Following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, GrPKZ transcripts were induced at 24 h post-injection (P < 0.05) and returned to control levels at 120 h post-injection. These data imply that GrPKZ is involved in antiviral defense and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in bacterial infection. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the Rana grylio virus 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and its novel role in suppressing virus-induced cytopathic effect

The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) isoenzymes play a key role in cellular steroid hormone synthesis. Here, a 3 beta-HSD gene homolog,was cloned from Rana grylio virus (RGV), a member of family Iridoviridae. RGV 3 beta-HSD gene has 1068 bp, encoding a 355 aa predicted protein. Transcription analyses showed that RGV 3 beta-HSD gene was transcribed immediate-early during infection from an initiation site 19 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. Confocal microscopy revealed that the 3 beta-HSD-EGFP fusion protein was exclusively colocalized with the mitochondria marker (pDsRed2-Mito) in EPC cells. Upon morphological observation and MTT assay, it was revealed that overexpression of RGV 3 beta-HSD in EPC cells could apparently suppress RGV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). The present studies indicate that the RGV immediate-early 3 beta-HSD gene encodes a mitochondria-localized protein, which has a novel role in suppressing virus-induced CPE. All these suggest that RGV 3 beta-HSD might be a protein involved in host-virus interaction. @ 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Upconversion emission of a Er3+-doped glass microsphere under 633 nm excitation

In this work, The TBS glass microspheres doped with Er3+ for morphology-dependent resonances of upconversion emission were designed. The glass sample components are 25TiO(2)-27BaCO(3)-8Ba(NO3)(2)-6ZnO(2)-9CaCO(3)-5H(3)BO(3)-10SiO(2)-7water glass-3Er(2)O(3) (wt%), and the emission spectra of TBS glass and a TBS glass microsphere (about 48 mum in diameter) were measured under 633 nm excitation and discussed. The strong morphology-dependent resonances of upconversion luminescences in the microsphere were observed. The observed resonances could be assigned by using the well-known Lorenz-Mie Formalism. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.