温度和培养体积对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖影响的研究

研究了5个培养体积(50、100、200、400、1000 mL)和2个温度(20℃、25℃)下大型溞(Daphnia magnaStraus)种群动态和两性生殖的变化,结果表明:(1)在相同培养体积下,随温度升高,大型溞首次抱卵时间缩短、首次产幼溞时间提前。在相同温度下,大型溞首次抱卵体长随培养体积的增大而增大。20℃和25℃下,1000 mL组大型溞首次抱卵体长分别是(2.54±0.02)mm和(2.71±0.01)mm。(2)在一定时间内,大型溞种群数量快速增加。但在较小培养体积下大型溞种群增长明显

稀有■鲫亚慢性毒性试验

研究了一种快速评价有毒化学品对稀有鲫慢性毒性的试验方法。选择＜3d龄的稀有峋鲫幼鱼开始暴露，试验药物为国际标准参比毒物CU(+2)，Cr(+6)，Zn(+2)和PCP；试验温度为25±1℃，每天更换试验液一次，试验持续5d。以现存量为测试指标，Cu(+2)，Cr(+6)，Zn(+2)和PCP对稀有鲫的无可观察效应浓度[NOEC]为20，2500，100，40ug／L;最低可观察效应浓度[LOEC]为40，5000，200，80ug／L，与7d亚慢性毒性试验结果相接近。试验结果表明，稀有鲫亚慢性毒性试验可从

20种鲤科鱼类同工酶的表型分析及有关进化问题的探讨

本文对20种鲤科鱼类的同工酶表型进行了分析比较。鲌亚科中存在几种不同的LDH同工酶表型,以各种LDH同工酶表型所组成的一些类群,反映出亚科水平中属间的亲缘关系。按同工酶的表型可将它们分为4个类群,这些类群的划分和进化趋异的过程是与经典的系统分类相一致的。按LDH同工酶表型的异同可将鲌亚科、密鲴亚科和鲢亚科的鱼类划分成两个主要的支系。一支鱼类是具有相同迁移率的LDH-A-4 同工酶,其中包括鲌亚科的多数鱼类,由LDH 同工酶的表型推断它们与雅罗鱼亚科有较密切的亲缘关系;另一支鱼类则是具有相同迁移率的 LDH

黑龙江流域鲫鱼的种群变异和生态资料

<正> 黑龙江流域的鲫鱼,是渔获物中的主要粗成之一,约占总产量的20%。黑龙江流域的水利枢扭建成后,它将成为水库中的主要养殖对象,因此,调查研究鲫鱼的生活习性及其种群变异,对于今后的渔业利用是有很大益处的。一、种群的变异鲫鱼在黑龙江流域的分布极其广泛,各种不同的水体中都能棲息生存。在额尔古纳河,鲫鱼是捕捞的主要对象;在黑龙江,则主要是分布在干流相通的附属水体中。其它如达赖湖、镜泊湖、小兴凯湖、五大连池等湖泊里均有相当数量的鱼群。

The effect of cyanobacterial crude extract on the transcription of GST mu, GST kappa and GST rho in different organs of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The glutathione S-transferases play important roles in the detoxification of microcystin. Core-sequences of three classes of GST (mu, kappa and rho) were cloned from goldfish (Carassius auratus L) i.p. injected with cyanobacterial crude extract at two doses (50 and 200 mu g MC-LReq kg(-1) BW). The relative changes of the mRNA abundance in liver, kidney and intestine were analyzed by real-time PCR. The transcription of GST mu was inhibited in intestine at both doses and the transcription of GST kappa was inhibited from 12 to 48 h in kidney at both doses. The decreased transcription of GST rho was detected in all three organs at the high dose. It is suggested that transcription inhibition of GST rho might be significant in MCs toxicity at higher toxin concentration in omnivorous freshwater fish. Alteration in transcription of GSTs stimulated by MCs implicates an increased health risk to fish. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Effects of hexachlorobenzene on antioxidant status of liver and brain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)-induced oxidative damages have been published in rats while the effects have not yet been reported in fishes. Juvenile common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to waterborne HCB from 2 to 200 mu g l(-1) for 5, 10 or 20 days. Liver and brain were analyzed for various parameters of oxidative stress. There were no significant changes of glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver after 5 or 10 days exposure, whereas obvious drops were observed at higher concentrations after 20 days exposure. Significant decreases of GSH content and SOD activity in brain were found during all the exposure days. In brain, HCB also significantly elevated the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation products), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), and inhibited activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The results clearly demonstrated that environmentally possible level of HCB could result in oxidative stress in fish and brain was a sensitive target organ of HCB toxicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of feeding rate on growth performance of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) larvae

Four 1-week trials were conducted to determine the effects of feeding rates on growth performance and body proximate composition of white sturgeon larvae during each of the first 4 weeks after initiation of feeding. Feeding rates (% body weight day(-1)) were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 for trial I; 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 for trial II; and 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.5, 12.5, and 15.0 for trials III and TV Four tanks with 200 larvae each were randomly assigned to each of the six feeding rates. Average initial body weights of the larvae were 49, 94, 180, and 366 mg, respectively, for trials I-IV. The larvae were kept at 19-20 degreesC in circular tanks and fed continuously one of two commercial salmonid soft-moist feeds using automatic feeders. Proximate composition (%) of the feeds for trials I-III and IV were 13.9 and 14.9 moisture, 52.5 and 50.0 crude protein, 10.3 and 12.9 crude fat, and 8.1 and 8.7 ash, respectively. Except mortality in trial I, gain per food fed in trial III, and body ash in all trials, growth performance and body composition were significantly (P<0.05) affected by all feeding rates. Broken line analysis on specific growth rates indicated the optimum feeding rates of white sturgeon larvae to be 26%, 13%, 11%, and 6% body weight day-respectively, for weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after initiation of feeding. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Resting metabolism and heat increment of feeding in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and Chinese snakehead (Channa argus)

Resting metabolism was measured in immature mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi weighing 42.1-510.2 g and Chinese snakehead Channa argus weighing 41.5-510.3 g at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degreesC. Heat increment of feeding was measured in mandarin fish weighing 202.0 (+/-14.0) g and snakehead weighing 200.8 (+/-19.3) g fed swamp leach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus at 1% body weight per day at 28 degreesC. In both species, weight exponent in the power relationship between resting metabolism and body weight was not affected by temperature. The relationship between resting metabolism and temperature could be described by a power function. The temperature exponent was 1.39 in mandarin fish and 2.10 in snakehead (P < 0.05), indicating that resting metabolism in snakehead increased with temperature at a faster rate than in mandarin fish. Multiple regression models were used to describe the effects of body weight (W, g) and temperature (T, C) on the resting metabolism (R-s, mg O-2/h): In R-s = - 5.343 + 0.772 In W + 1.387 In T for the mandarin fish and In R-s = -7.863 + 0.801 ln W + 2.104 In T for the Chinese snakehead. The proportion of food energy channelled to heat increment was 8.7% in mandarin fish and 6.8% in snakehead. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Growing 20 cm Long DWNTs/TWNTs at a Rapid Growth Rate of 80-90 mu m/s

Submitted by 阎军 (yanj@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2010-04-13T16:03:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Growing 20 cm Long DWNTsTWNTs at a Rapid Growth Rate of 80-90 mu ms .pdf: 3229914 bytes, checksum: 0259795afb443dc6901c11df5ecd325a (MD5)

Characterization of ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers/films on m-plane sapphire synthesized by metal organic chemical vapour deposition

ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers/films grown on m-plane sapphire substrates were successfully synthesized using a vertical low-pressure metal organic chemical vapour deposition system. The structural and optical properties of the as-obtained products were characterized using various techniques. They were grown along the non-polar [1 0 (1) over bar 0] direction and possessed wurtzite structure. The ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers were about 200 nm in diameter at the bottom and 120 nm in length. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra show that the products have good crystal quality with few oxygen vacancies. With Mg incorporation, multiple-phonon scattering becomes weak and broad, and the intensities of all observed vibrational modes decrease. The ultraviolet near band edge emission shows a clear blueshift (as much as 100 meV) and broadening compared with that of pure ZnO products.

High-power quantum-dot superluminescent LED with broadband drive current insensitive emission spectra using a tapered active region

High-power and broadband quantum-dot (QD) superluminescent light-emitting diodes are realized by using a combination of self-assembled QDs with a high density, large inhomogeneous broadening, a tapered angled pump region, and etched V groove structure. This broad-area device exhibits greater than 70-nm 3-dB bandwidth and drive current insensitive emission spectra with 100-mW output power under continuous-wave operation. For pulsed operation, greater than 200-mW output power is obtained.

Mode characteristics of semiconductor equilateral triangle microcavities with side length of 5-20 mu m

Semiconductor equilateral triangle microresonators (ETRs) with side length of 5, 10, and 20 mum are fabricated by the two-step inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique. The mode properties of fabricated InGaAsP ETRs are investigated experimentally by photoluminescence (PL) with the pumping source of a 980-nm semiconductor laser and distinct peaks are observed in the measured PL spectra. The wavelength spacings of the distinct peaks agree very well with the theoretical longitudinal mode intervals of the fundamental transverse modes in the ETRs, which verifies that the distinct peaks are corresponding to the enhancement of resonant modes. The mode quality factors are calculated from the width of the resonant peaks of the PL spectra, which are about 100 for the ETR with side length of 20 mum.

Equilateral-triangle-resonator injection lasers with directional emission

Equilateral-triangle-resonator (ETR) lasers with an output waveguide jointed at one vertex of the resonator are fabricated on (100) GaInAsP-InP wafers using photolithography and a two-step inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique. Distinct peaks with the mode spacing of longitudinal mode intervals are observed in the luminescence spectra at room temperature. Furthermore, some minor peaks appear in the middle of the main peaks, which can be attributed to the first-order transverse modes as predicted in the theoretical results. CW directional lasing emissions are achieved for ETR lasers with side lengths ranging from 15 to 30 pm up to 200 K. The temperature dependences of the threshold current and lasing wavelength are measured for an ETR laser with the side length of 20 mu m from 80 to 200 K. The observed threshold current rapidly increases as temperature increases over 170 K.

Passively Q-switched Nd : GdVO4 laser with In0.25Ga0.75As being an output coupler

We report a diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 laser operating at 1.06 mu m with In0.25Ga0.75As being the saturable absorber as well as an output coupler. Q-switched pulses with a pulse duration of 20 ns, pulse energy 4.2 mu J and pulse repetition rate 200 kHz were produced, corresponding to peak power of 210 W. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.