硝化抑制作用机理研究进展

总结了氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨单加氧酶(AMO)的特性及氨(NH3)的催化氧化过程,综述了烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳烃、含硫(S)化合物、氮(N)杂环化合物和双氰胺(DCD)的硝化抑制作用机理。

亚热带红壤丘陵区四种人工林凋落物分解动态及养分释放

应用网袋分解法,连续2a对我国亚热带红壤丘陵区内有代表性的人工林类型马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)、湿地松(Pinuselliottii)、杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)、木荷(Schimasuperba)+马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)混交林的凋落物的分解速率,及其C、N元素释放动态进行了研究,凋落物样品分地上、地下两组处理方式。4种林分凋落物地上组的第1、2年分解速率(凋落物的年失重率)依次为马尾松林>混交林>湿地松林>杉木林,马尾松林>混交林>杉木林>湿地松

Surface-modified Nafion membranes with mesoporous SiO2 layers via a facile dip-coating approach for direct methanol fuel cells

In this study. Nafion (R) 117 membrane is surface-modified with mesoporous silica layers through in situ surfactant-templated sol-gel reaction. The reaction makes use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under acidic condition via dip-coating technique on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are employed to characterize the resultant membranes. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes are also studied.

Effects of thermal annealing on polymer photovoltaic cells with buffer layers and in situ formation of interfacial layer for enhancing power conversion efficiency

We have investigated the effects of thermal annealing before and after cathode deposition on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend photovoltaic cells with different cathode buffer layers. The introduction of cathode buffer layer such as lithium fluoride (LiF) and calcium oxide (CaO) in pre-annealing cells can increase the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Post thermal annealing after cathode deposition further enhanced the PCE of the cells with LiF/Al cathode.

Preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide) biocomposite microspheres

Nano-hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) composite microspheres with relatively uniform size distribution were prepared by a solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) emusion solvent evaporation method. The encapsulation of the HA nanopaticles in microshperes was significantly improved by grafting PLLA on the surface of the HA nanoparticles (p-HA) during emulsion process. This procedure gave a possibility to obtain p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres with uniform morphology and the encapsulated p-HA nanoparticle loading reached up to 40 wt% (33 wt% of pure HA) in the p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres. The microstructure of composite microspheres from core-shell to single phase changed with the variation of p-HA to PLLA ratios. p-HA/PLLA composite microspheres with the diameter range of 2-3 mu m were obtained. The entrapment efficiency of p-HA in microspheres could high up to 90 wt% and that of HA was only 13 wt%. Surface and bulk characterizations of the composite microspheres were performed by measurements such as wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Electrochemical biosensors based on advanced bioimmobilization matrices

Biosensors have experienced rapid, extensive development. To maintain the bioactivity of biomolecules and to give the electrochemical output signal required, appropriate bioimmobilization matrices for biomolecules are critical.In this review, we describe some advanced membrane materials (including hydrogels, sol-gel-derived organic-inorganic composites and lipid membranes), introduce electrochemical biosensors based on bioimmobilization materials and describe their performance.Biosensors operating in extreme conditions and displaying direct electron transfer with electrodes based on these advanced membrane materials are attractive. Recent developments in nanomaterials include biosensors, so we emphasize the intersection of nanomaterials with advanced membrane materials in biosensors.

小檗碱质谱碎片离子稳定性分析及碎裂机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法,研究了小檗碱质谱碎片离子的稳定性规律.通过几何参数分析、结合能计算和前线分子轨道分析,研究碎片离子可能的活性部位及各部位相对反应活性,并从理论上探讨了质谱碎裂机理.结合能计算结果表明,分子离子中C9所连甲氧基的C—O键比C10所连甲氧基的C—O键更容易断裂.同时发现,质谱碎裂过程中,氢的解离促进了羰基的解离,即质谱中常见的解离CO的过程.

碳纳米管负载铂催化剂的制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化研究

Pt金属是直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)常用的催化剂犤1～3犦。为了尽可能减少Pt金属用量,提高Pt的分散度,人们总是选择具有高表面积的基质,如石墨、碳黑、活性碳、分子筛、质子交换膜等,作为Pt金属的载体犤3～5犦。最初,人们以为载体的作用仅仅是提供表面积和多孔气体扩散电极的骨架,使Pt微粒可以有更大的比表面积与反应物接触,但是现在普遍认为犤1犦,当Pt金属负载在活性炭上时,它们中的催化性能有一部分应归结于金属和载体之间的相互作用,因此,载体的形貌及物理化学性质直接影响着催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性。碳纳米管(CNTs)由于其拥有纳米级管腔结构、较高的比表面积、类石墨的多层管壁等特点,使它在做催化剂载体方面有着良好的应用前景犤6～9犦。CheGuangli等人犤6犦在探索CNTs的潜在用途时,曾研究了将Pt、Ru、PtRu等金属或合金沉积在CNTs的内壁,并讨论了其在DMFC上的潜在用途。本文通过液相化学还原的方法制得Pt载量为20%的Pt/CNTs催化剂,并研究了预处理对催化剂形貌、表面基团及其对甲醇电催化氧化性能的影响。1实验部分1.1试剂和仪器实验所用试剂均为分析纯,所有溶液均用三次蒸馏水配制。

Structure of coordination polymer, [Zn(bipy)(H2O)(3)SO4] center dot 2H(2)O (bipy=4,4 '-bipyridine)

The crystal of the title compound (C10H18N2O9SZn M-r=407.69) belongs to the hexagonal system, space group P 6(5) with cell parameters: a=11.411 (2), c=20.908(4) Angstrom, V=2357.7(7) Angstrom(3), Z=6, D-c=1.723g/cm(3), F(000)=1260, mu(MoKa)=1.743mm(-1). The final R and omega R factors are 0.072 and 0.178 respectively for 1335 observed reflections. in the structure, zinc ions are bridged by 4,4'-bipyridine to form infinite chains. The sheets containing parallel chains stack along a 65 screw axis to give a helical staircase motif. The helical structure is mainly controlled by the hydrogen bonds.

Axial coordination effects of pyridine on the electrochemistry of (TPP)Co in 1,2-dichloroethane solution

The electrochemistry of (TPP)Co in the presence of pyridine was investigated in dichloroethane solution by cyclic voltammetry. With the addition of pyridine to the solution, the reduction peaks of the axial complex compounds, (TPP)Co(III)(Py) and (TPP)Co(III)(Py)(2) were observed. It was found that the reduction peak of Co(II)/Co(I) shifted to about -1.20V (SCE) with the increase of added pyridine. The new reduction peak may be attributed to the direct reduction of the axially complex (TPP)Co(II)(Py).

悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定贻贝样品中铅、镉和铜

本文采用直接进样原子吸收光谱法测定贻贝标准物质中的Pb、Cd和Cu。首先将样品配制成悬浮液,然后直接注入石墨原子化器进行分析。由于不经样品消解,分离和富集等操作,节省了大量时间,文章讨论了基体改进效应和酸度影响。当Pb、Cd和Cu含量分别为2.02,4.98和7.46μg/g时,相对标准偏差分别为8.2％、4.2％和7.5％;加入回收率处于93～115％之间。最后与酸溶样法和标准值进行了对照,得到了一致结果。

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNT OF 14 RARE-EARTH IMPURITIES IN HIGH-PURITY YTTRIUM-OXIDE WITH ICP-AES

A method of analysis of high purity yttrium oxide with ICP-AES was described with emphasis on the study of Y_2O_3 matrix effects. The results showed that the line intensities of ana]ytes decreased with the increase of Y_2O_3 concentration in solution because of following factors. (1) The presence of matrix resulted in the decrease of the amount of analytes reaching ICP. (2) Matrix Y_2O_3 entering the plasma decreased the excitation temperature of the plasma and depressed the ionization of analytes in the pl...