砂鼠利什曼原虫（Leishmanla gerbilli）细胞核的分离及其核内组蛋白的初步研究

分离纯化锥虫类原生动物的细胞核存在着许多困难，所以，尽管目前已有一些学者对这类生物的染色质及其组成进行了研究，但在某些问题上还没统一的认识。我们以我国的特有种砂鼠利什曼原虫在如下三方面作了初步研究：1、在分离核细胞时，我们采用了起始密度为1.083的percoll等密度梯度离心法，获得了纯度较高的L．geroilli细胞核，并提出了一个从破碎细胞开始的一个分离细胞核的完整程序。二、利用所获得的纯度较高的细胞核，经过生化分析发现L.gerbilli核染色质只含有四种核心组蛋白，即组蛋白H2A，H2B、H3、H4，而没有发现H1。我们推测组蛋白H1的缺少，可能是造成锥虫类生物染色质在核分裂时不会形成致密的中期染色体结构的主要原因。三、用两种不同的方法（甲醇固定稀HCl抽提法与2MNacl抽提法）从全细胞提取碱性蛋白，并与从核中提取到的组蛋白进行对比，发现了一种来自于细胞质的酸溶性蛋白－L组。我们发现L.gerbilli的组蛋白对甲醇固定很敏感，一经长时间（三小时）固定就难以用稀盐酸（0.25N）抽出，而L组分则没有这样的变化。用经甲醇固定三小时的材料以稀盐酸抽提一小时，之后再作碳酸铵银反应以检查碱性蛋白的存在，发现细胞核的阳性率角为100％，而动质体的阳性率则从100％降为32％。这表明L组分是存在于动质体中。

抛物型方程的一种高精度区域分解有限差分算法

1引言近年来,区域分解算法以可以将大型问题分解为一系列小型问题以减少计算规模及算法可高度并行实现等特点受到了人们的广泛关注.前人也做了很多很好的工作:参考文献[1]中C.N.Dawson等人提出了显一隐格式的区域分解算法,在时间层不分层的内边界点采用大步长向前-中心差分显格式及在内点采用古典隐格式,取得的精度为O(△t+h2+H3).参考文献[2]中给出了[1]中区域分解算法对于内边界点为等距分布的多子区域时的新的误差估计,使含H3误差项的系数比[1]中缩小了一倍.还将采用大步长日的saulyev的非对称差分格式应用于内边界点,并给出了两个子区域和多个子区域情形下差分解的先验误差估计.

2.45GHz单电荷态电子回旋共振离子源

描述了一台 2 .4 5GHz单电荷态电子回旋共振 (ECR)离子源的原理、结构与应用。介绍了其微波系统与磁场结构。在微波输入功率约 6 0 0W ,引出高压 2 2kV ,引出孔径为6mm时 ,该离子源的总束流I(H1++H2 ++H3+)可达 90mA。

保护性耕作对土壤线虫c-p类群及功能团的影响

以辽宁彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查和取样分析,对比研究了传统犁耕和6a保护性耕作(免耕秸秆覆盖)条件下的土壤线虫c-p(colonizer-persister)类群及功能团,为评价保护性耕作的土壤生态效应提供理论依据。研究发现,与犁耕相比,保护性耕作显著增加了土壤线虫各c-p类群及绝大多数功能团的多度,但显著减少了Ba4和Om5功能团多度。此外,保护性耕作还改变了土壤线虫生活史和功能团的结构特征:在大部分研究土层,c-p1和c-p2线虫的相对多度显著提高,而c-p3、c-p4以及c-p3-5类群显著降低;Ba1、Ba2、Ba3、Fu4和H5功能团的相对多度显著提高,而Ba4、H3和Om5的相对多度显著降低,Fu2、H2和Om4相对多度的变化较复杂,在表土层表现为显著抑制,在15~30cm土层则为促进作用。土壤线虫c-p类群和功能团的多度及结构特征可能适合作为评价保护性耕作对土壤质量影响的生物学指标。

Chemical modifications of carboxylated chitosan

C-6-carboxylated chitosan obtained by oxidation of chitosan was selectively modified in order to obtain derivatives similar to bacterial antigens. Selective O-acetylation of 6-carboxyl chitosan afforded a modified polysaccharide with the 2-amino group available for further modifications to create carbonyl groups. A deaminative degradation reaction allowed the formation of oligosaccharides with terminal aldehyde groups. Reductive alkylation with lactose introduced lactityl branches which were oxidized with galactose oxidase to give aldehyde groups in its -galactose residues.

抑制剂对尿素转化及土壤中氮的影响研究

以草甸棕壤为基质进行室内培养试验结果表明,脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂配合使用,明显地抑制了NH4+-N向NO3--N的转化。NBPT+DCD处理效果最好,可延缓硝态氮的释放高峰达40天以上;H1和HA都表现出较强的硝化抑制作用。H3和H2对硝态氮基本无影响。

H_2S气体在不同催化剂表面的电化学氧化行为

H2 S气体能对人体产生严重伤害。在环保、生产等领域对其进行检测 ,具有重要意义。本实验通过循环伏安、线性扫描、XPS等手段 ,研究H2 S、Pd、Pt、Rh和Au电极上的电化学氧化行为。实验表明 :Au在特定条件对H2 S具有良好的电催化活性 ,以Au为工作电极并选择合适工作条件 ,可以解决催化剂中毒问题 ,传感器灵敏度可达 0 .76 μA·m3 /mg。2　实验部分2 .1　仪器设备　三电极电化学池 ;CHI6 0 2电化学系统 (美国CHI公司 ) ;恒电位仪 (长春市环保分析仪器厂 )。2 .2　样品准备与测试条件　工作电极是将Pd、Pt、Rh和Au用树脂胶密封于玻璃管处理 ,备用 ;H2 S气体通过H3 PO4和Na2 S反应制得 ;电解质为 0 .5mol/L的H2 SO4;传感器电极制备是将胶体Au催化剂、铂黑催化剂喷涂到基底膜 ,淋洗、烧结后制成 ;电解槽内通入H2 S至饱和 ;光滑电极测试条件 :循环伏安扫描电位 - 1～ +1.6V ;XPS测试。传感器测试 :线性扫描曲线 (0 .0 0 1V/s) ;标准气体浓度 6 0、1976mg/m3 ;计时电流曲线 (0 .4 0...

Chitin and chitosan dissolved in ionic liquids as reversible sorbents of CO2

A novel dissolving process for chitin and chitosan has been developed by using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as a solvent, and a novel application of chitin and chitosan as substitutes for amino-functionalized synthetic polymers for capturing and releasing CO2 has also been exploited based on this processing strategy.

钒取代Keggin型杂多酸的多层组装和电催化性能研究

用层层组装的方法在 4 -氨基苯甲酸预修饰的玻碳电极上交替沉积过渡金属钒取代的杂多酸H3 PW6V6O6- 4 0 (简称 PW6V6)和联吡啶锇取代的聚乙烯吡啶 (QPVP-Os) .用表面等离子体共振 (SPR)技术和循环伏安 (CV)法对多层膜进行了表征 .结果表明 ,多层膜的生长均匀 ,平均厚度为 2 .88nm.还研究了多层膜对亚硝酸根 (NO- 2 )和溴酸根 (Br O- 3 )的催化还原活性.

Catalytic behavior of concentrated heteropolyacid solution in acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride

The catalytic behavior of concentrated heteropolyacid solution in acylation. of anisole with acetic anhydride has been investigated under the reaction conditions such as molar ratio of anisole to acetic anhydride, reaction temperature and mass ratio of reactant to catalyst. When the molar ratio of anisole to acetic anhydride is changed from 2:1 to 1:1, the yield of methoxyacetophenone (MOAP) increases a little, but when it is changed from 1: 1 to 1: 2, the yield has a greater increase from 15% to 30%. The yield of MOAP at the reaction temperature of 363 K doubles that at 333 K. The highest yield is obtained when the mass ratio of reactant to catalyst is 12.8. The conclusion is therefore that the heteropolyacid in acetic acid can effectively catalyze the acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride, and its activity and selectivity are comparable to those of acid clay and molecular sieve.

N-acetylchitooligosaccharide is a potent angiogenic inhibitor both in vivo and in vitro

N-Acetylchitooligosaccharide (N-acetyl-COs) was prepared by N-acetylation of chitooligosaccharide (COs). In vitro study using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that both N-acetyl-COs and COs inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs by inducing apoptosis. Treatment of HUVECs by N-acetyl-COs resulted in a significant reduction of density of the migration cells and repressed tubulogenesis process. The antiangiogenic effects of the oligosaccharides were further evaluated using in vivo zebrafish angiogenesis model, and the results showed that both oligosaccharides inhibited the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIV) of zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner, as observed by endogenous alkaline phosphatase (EAP) staining assay. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was found when treating the NIH3T3 and several other cancer cells with the oligosaccharides. Our results also confirmed the antiangiogenic activity of N-acetyl-COs was significantly stronger than the parent oligosaccharide, COs. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc.

The paleoclimatic events and cause in the Okinawa Trough during 50 kaBP

Planktonic foraminiferal delta O-18 record for core DGKS9603 from the Okinawa Trough shows a series of climatic fluctuations and sudden cooling events in short time scale during 50 kaBP, which appear to correlate closely to the Younger Dryas and Heinrich events H1-5 recorded in Chinese loess, the South China Sea, the North Atlantic cores and the Greenland ice cores. Three polarity reversal events, correlating to Gothenburg, Mungo and Laschamp events, approximately correspond to Heinrich events H1, H3 and H5 respectively, which could be a cause of global climate changes. The delta O-18 curve of the Okinawa Trough is well associated with the grain size record of the Lijiayuan loess profile in northwestern China and is somewhat different from the climate fluctuations documented in the Greenland ice cores. These correlation results indicate that regional factors play an important role in controlling the climate changes in the East Asia, and the East Asian Monsoon could be the prominent regional controlling factor.

Millennial-scale paleoceanography in Okinawa Trough during Late Quaternary period

Based on the analyses of foraminifer and accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dating in DGKS9603 core from mid-Okinawa Trough close to bottom, oscillation curve, which expressed the relation between the surface water temperature and the depth, has been obtained by using foraminifer analysis and calculation of FP-12E transfer function. The whole core indicated seven cold phases and eight warm phases. Obvious expression of low temperature event during Middle and Late Holocene, YD,H1,H2,H3 and H4 events, as well as the short cold phase during the middle last glacial period, implied that short shifts since 50 kaBP would have been global significance. Sedimentation rate during cold phases is usually faster than that in warm stages, with the lowest rate in Holocene, which may be connected with rising sea level and principal axial of Kuroshio Current moving to west. Volcanic activities highly developed in Okinawa Trough during the Quaternary period, thus abundant volcanic glass and pumice were well preserved.

两种红树林植物黄槿和长梗肖槿化学成分研究

由于红树林植物的重要药用价值及其特殊的生长环境，越来越多的学者关注于红树林植物的活性成分及其作用机理的研究。本论文对两种药用红树林植物黄槿（Hibiscus tiliaceus L.）和长梗肖槿（Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel）的化学成分进行了系统研究。对从其中分离得到的部分化合物进行了初步的抗菌活性筛选。 黄槿和长梗肖槿均采自海南岛，干燥粉碎的样品用90％的乙醇水以及1：1氯仿-甲醇混合溶液室温浸泡提取得总浸膏，将总浸膏悬浮于水中，分别用石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取，获得石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物。 采用常规的硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、以及重结晶等手段，从黄槿和长梗肖槿的乙酸乙酯相中共分离得到43个化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术（IR、UV、MS、HR-MS、1D-NMR、2D-NMR等）确定了38个化合物的结构。其中，从黄槿的乙酸乙酯相中分离得到22个化合物，鉴定了其中19个化合物的结构，包括3个新的三萜类化合物(H1*-H3*)以及15个首次从该种中报道的化合物。从长梗肖槿的乙酸乙酯相中分离得到21个化合物，鉴定了其中19个化合物的结构，这些化合物皆为首次从该种中报道，其中1个为新的倍半萜类化合物T1*。本文为首次报道长梗肖槿的化学成分。 对分离得到的部分样品进行了抗菌活性测试，仅T1*表现微弱的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性，抑菌圈直径为8mm（阳性对照氯霉素的抑菌圈直径为20mm），其余各样品在测试浓度下对测试菌株均未表现出活性。