激光冷却及其在科学技术中的应用

这篇文章回顾了近20以来激光冷却原子气体的发展历史，同时概述了激光冷却的各种物理机制，还介绍了超冷原子物理在量子物理学和高科技应用中所取得的重要成就，包括气体原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪。

用于大范围高精度实时位移测量的半导体激光干涉仪

现有的半导体激光干涉仪存在测量精度与测量范围的矛盾。本文提出一种新的实时位移测量半导体激光干涉仪，并分析了干涉仪的测量原理。首先提出一种新的解相算法，它通过两路实时相位探测电路从干涉信号中得到待测量相位，消除了光强波动、初始光程差、电路放大倍数、调制深度、Bessel函数等参数对测量精度的影响，提高了测量精度。其次，提出一种扩大测量范围的技术，并用解包裹电路得到真实相位和待测量的位移, 将测量范围从半个波长提高到几个波长。在实验中，测得喇叭的峰峰值为2361.7nm，重复测量精度为2.56nm，测量时间为

紫外激光诱导近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体铁电畴反转

对紫外激光诱导近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体铁电畴反转进行了实验研究。波长为351 nm的连续紫外激光被聚焦在近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体的-z表面,同时沿与晶体自发极化相反的方向施加均匀外电场。实验证实紫外激光辐照可以有效地降低晶体畴反转所需的矫顽电场,采用数字全息干涉测量技术检测证实在激光辐照区域实现局域畴反转。研究表明采用紫外激光诱导可以实现对近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体铁电畴反转的局域控制。提出了物理机理的理论分析,认为外电场和激光辐照场的共同作用在晶体内部产生高浓度、大尺寸的缺陷结构,缺陷一定程度上降低畴体成核和畴

Sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer for measuring angular displacement

We propose a sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer for measuring small angular displacement. The interferometer is based on a Fabry-Perot plate. It has a simple structure and is insensitive to external disturbance. Sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometry is used for improving the measurement accuracy. A charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor is used for measuring the distance between the reflected beams from two faces of the Fabry-Perot plate. From the distance, the initial angle of incidence is calculated. Compared with Michelson interferometers and autocollimators, this interferometer has the advantage of compact size and simple structure. The numerical calculation and experimental results verify the usefulness of this novel interferometer. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Influence of birefringence dispersion on distributed measurement of polarization coupling in birefringent fibers

A white light interferometer is developed to measure the distributed polarization coupling in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs). Usually the birefringence dispersion between two orthogonal eigenmodes of PMFs is neglected in such systems. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the birefringence dispersion becomes a nonnegligible factor in a long-fiber test. Significant broadening of interferograms and loss of longitudinal coherence are observed. The spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity of the system decrease correspondingly. Optimum spectrum width selection is presented for better spatial resolution and measurement range. c 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling for collimation testing

A new type of wave-front analysis method for the collimation testing of laser beams is proposed. A concept of wave-front height is defined, and, on this basis, the wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling is introduced. The wave-front height of the tested noncollimated wave can be estimated from the distance between two identical fiducial diffraction planes of the sampled wave, and then the divergence is determined. The design is detailed, and the experiment is demonstrated. The principle and experiment results of the method are presented. Owing to the simplicity of the method and its low cost, it is a promising method for checking the collimation of a laser beam with a large divergence. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Phase-step calibration technique based on a two-run-times-two-frame phase-shift method

A novel phase-step calibration technique is presented on the basis of a two-run-times-two-frame phase-shift method. First the symmetry factor M is defined to describe the distribution property of the distorted phase due to phase-shifter miscalibration; then the phase-step calibration technique, in which two sets of two interferograms with a straight fringe pattern are recorded and the phase step is obtained by calculating M of the wrapped phase map, is developed. With this technique, a good mirror is required, but no uniform illumination is needed and no complex mathematical operation is involved. This technique can be carried out in situ and is applicable to any phase shifter, whether linear or nonlinear. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Ridge-shape phase distribution adjacent to 180 degrees domain wall in congruent LiNbO3 crystal

The digital holographic interferometry is used in the dynamic and static measurements of phase variation induced by domain inversion. For the first time, to the authors' knowledge, they observe the existence of ridge-shape phase distribution adjacent to 180 degrees domain wall in congruent LiNbO3 crystal. During the domain wall motion, the phase variations are not uniform but have obvious relaxations. In the static measurement, the ridge elevation can vary linearly with the uniform electric field. The reasonable assumptions are proposed to explain these effects. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

利用数字全息干涉术观察RuO2：LiNbO3晶体中畴反转的区域特性

利用马赫-曾德尔干涉光路和V光学透镜系统，以部分畴反转的掺钌铌酸锂晶体（RuO2：LiNbO3）的透射光作为物光来记录全息图，并在数值再现过程对其进行频域滤波以实现物场波前信息的数值重建，检测出在一定电压作用下晶体内部折射率变化的二维分布．检测结果证实;晶体中发生畴反转的区域与发生电色效应的区域严格相符．数字全息干涉术非接触、无干扰、无破坏的优势在准实时监控、检测和分析铌酸锂晶体畴反转方面有很好的应用前景．

正弦相位调制位移干涉测量技术中调制频率的优化选择

针对正弦相位调制（SPM）干涉测量技术用于位移测量时，调制频率对干涉信号相位解调的影响，提出一种调制频率的优化选择依据。通过对干涉信号的频谱进行分析，发现当被测位移幅度较小时，较小的调制频率即可满足相位解调的要求；而当被测位移较大时，必须相应地增大调制频率，才能获得比较准确的测量结果。模拟计算以及实验结果表明，被测位移信号的幅度每增大四分之一测量光源波长，调制频率需要相应增大4倍于被测信号频率的大小，才能满足正弦相位调制位移干涉测量技术信号处理的需要。

A four-frame phase shift method insensitive to phase shifter nonlinearity

A four-frame phase shift method and an associated algorithm using unequal phase steps are presented. The unique advantage of this method is that it becomes insensitive to phase shifter nonlinearity because of the performance of a special procedure, in which the phase shifts are shared out between the reference beam and the object beam. By this means, any phase shifter can work as long as one phase shift is accurately known. On the basis of the technique, a simple calibration method for the linear phase shifter is suggested. The influences of phase shifter miscalibration, detector nonlinearity and random noise on the algorithm are investigated, and the optimal phase shifts are given.

Distributed measurement of birefringence dispersion in polarization-maintaining fibers

A new method to measure the birefringence dispersion in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers is presented using white-light interferometry. By analyzing broadening of low-coherence interferograms obtained in a scanning Michelson interferometer, the birefringence dispersion and its variation along different fiber sections are acquired with high sensitivity and accuracy. Birefringence dispersions of two PANDA fibers at their operation wavelength are measured to be 0.011 ps/(km nm) and 0.018 ps/(km nm), respectively. Distributed measurement capability of the method is also verified experimentally. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

基于分支设置的质量导引相位展开算法

二维相位展开方法是近年来较为活跃、引起关注的一个研究课题，它在许多测量应用中有着重要的作用。尽管掩膜阻断算法在多个领域都有成功应用实例，该算法存在着固有的缺陷。为了克服掩膜阻断算法的缺陷，综合分支阻断方法和质量导引方法的优点，提出一种基于分支设置的质量导引相位展开新算法。它先以一个初始质量图来引导分支的设置，然后把分支对应的相位质量设置为最低，从而产生一个新的质量图，最后按新质量图来引导相位展开，并使用几个包裹相位图来验证此方法的有效性。计算机模拟相位图和实际相位图的相位展开结果表明，在存在复杂轮廓不连续

Influence of birefringence dispersion on distributed measurement of polarization coupling in birefringent fibers

A white light interferometer is developed to measure the distributed polarization coupling in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs). Usually the birefringence dispersion between two orthogonal eigenmodes of PMFs is neglected in such systems. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the birefringence dispersion becomes a nonnegligible factor in a long-fiber test. Significant broadening of interferograms and loss of longitudinal coherence are observed. The spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity of the system decrease correspondingly. Optimum spectrum width selection is presented for better spatial resolution and measurement range. c 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

正弦相位调制的频域光学相干层析成像

提出一种基于正弦相位调制的频域光学相干层析成像,利用正弦相位调制干涉术探测复频域干涉条纹的实部和虚部,重建复频域干涉条纹。对该复频域干涉条纹作逆傅里叶变换后,消除了频域光学相干层析成像中存在的复共轭镜像以及直流背景和自相干噪声。对玻璃片样品进行了层析成像实验。实验结果表明,采用正弦相位调制的频域光学相干层析成像,将可利用的成像深度范围扩大到原来的2倍,实现了全深度探测的频域光学相干层析成像。