57 resultados para D., D. S. C. D. L. T.
Resumo:
目前,国内维生素C要采用二步发酵法生产,其中第一步为生黑葡萄酸杆菌(Gluconobacter melano-genus)将D-山梨醇转化为L-山梨糖。考察了该菌株在提高培养基中山梨醇浓度时的发酵特性和发酵条件。实验室摇瓶实验结果显示,通风量、发酵前期及后期pH值控制、接种种液类型都影响高浓度山梨醇摇瓶发酵的转化率。以35%山梨醇浓度发酵液做种子液明显优于生产上采用的三级种子液(12%~17%山梨醇浓度),培养基前期pH值5.0~6.0,后期pH值4.2~3.9,装液量180 mL,发酵周期在30 h之内,山梨醇转化率在98%以上。培养基山梨醇浓度由23%提高到35%,发酵周期延长8 h。上述实验结果对指导生产工艺优化具有重要意义。
Resumo:
An amino isopropoxyl strontium (Sr-PO) initiator, which was prepared by the reaction of propylene oxide with liquid strontium ammoniate solution, was used to carry out the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters to obtain aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). The Sr-PO initiator demonstrated an effective initiating activity for the ROP of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) and L-lactide (LLA) under mild conditions and adjusted the molecular weight by the ratio of monomer to Sr-PO initiator. Block copolymer PCL-b-PLLA was prepared by sequential polymerization of epsilon-CL and LLA, which was demonstrated by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. The chemical structure of Sr-PO initiator was confirmed by elemental analysis of Sr and N, H-1 NMR analysis of the end groups in epsilon-CL oligomer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The end groups of PCL were hydroxyl and isopropoxycarbonyl, and FTIR spectroscopy showed the coordination between Sr-PO initiator and model monomer gamma-butyrolactone. These experimental facts indicated that the ROP of cyclic esters followed a coordination-insertion mechanism, and cyclic esters exclusively inserted into the Sr-O bond.
Resumo:
采用化学氧化聚合法 ,以苯胺为单体 ,过硫酸铵 (APS)为氧化剂 ,在酸性介质中合成聚苯胺(PAn) ,聚合物的比浓粘度 (ηSP) C=0 .1=1 d L/ g,酸掺杂后电导率 (σ)为 1 0 0 S/ cm。讨论了单体与氧化剂的比例、反应体系的温度以及聚合反应的时间对聚合产物的影响。采用傅里叶红外光谱 (FTIR)和紫外可见光光谱 (UV- Vis)对聚苯胺掺杂前后结构的变化 ,表明聚苯胺主链结构经质子酸掺杂后由于电子的离域形成了共轭结构 ,从而使聚苯胺有良好的导电性能。
Resumo:
A novel rare earth coordination system composed of lanthanide trifluoroacetates Ln(CF3COO)(3) (Ln = Y, Yb, Nd, Tm, Ho, La, Pr) and triisobutylaluminium Al(i-Bu)(3) was used as catalyst for the polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (CL), D,L-lactide (DLLA) and their copolymerization. The influence of temperature, time and catalyst concentration on polymerization yields and molecular weights of the polyesters have been studied. It was shown that the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters catalysed by Ln(CF3COO)(3)/Al(i-Bu)(3) has some living character and the molecular weight of the polyester could be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of monomer to catalyst. The DLLA/CL copolymer was synthesized by sequential addition of monomers and the structure of the copolyester was characterized by GPC, NMR and DSC. (C) 1998 SCI.
Resumo:
采用1HNMR方法研究了镧离子对酵母tRNAPhe分子结构和构象变化的影响 .结果表明位于扩大二氢尿嘧啶螺旋 (D 螺旋 )的端梢三级碱基对 (G_15) (C_4 8)明显受加入La3+ 的影响 ,向低场位移 0 33;与三级相互作用相关 ,连接D 茎和接受茎起固定L构转折的 (U_8) (A_14)碱基对向高场位移 0 2 0 ;另一可能受La3+影响的亚胺质子碱基对为 (G_19) (C_56 ) ,由于该碱基对位于高度叠加的 12 6和 12 2之间 ,其归属仅供参考 ,该碱基对有助于D 环对TC的连接.
Resumo:
The synthesis and characterization of side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) polyacrylates containing para-nitroazobenzene (Pn) as mesogenic groups were described. Homopolymers with 3 and 4 carbon atoms in the spacers were non-LC polymers; for homopolymers with 6 carbon atoms in the spacer, nematic LC behavior was observed. Copolymers with acrylic acid as one component exhibited an S-Ad phase according to the WAXD results which showed the d/l of 1.4-1.54 for the copolymers with 3, 4, and 6 carbon atoms in the spacers. Considering the molecular structure as well as the WAXD results of the copolymers, the possible molecular arrangement in the smectic Sad phase was proposed, in which the smectic layers were composed of the antiparallel mesogens and the antiparallel arrangement was considered to be enhanced due to the H bond between - COOH and - NO2. The stress-induced orientational phenomena of Pn in the LC states was also discussed. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Resumo:
稀土顺磁性诱导位移包含接触位移和偶极位移两种成份,如果把或D号相反的两种稀土离子以适当的浓度比混合于同一溶液中。则实验上观测到的顺磁位移仅含一种成份,另外一种位移成份将被抵消。双稀土混合分离诱导位移技术要求底物分子与稀土离子间的的配位过程满足快速交换平衡条件且形成的稀土-底物配合物具有轴对称性或有效轴对称性。与其它分离诱导位移的方法相比,双稀土混合方法具有简单明确的特点。本文将这一方法应用于L-抗坏血酸~(13)C土诱导位移的分离验证了其可行性。
Resumo:
基因组大片段BAC库是进行生物遗传学和基因组学研究必不可少的基础工具。为了深入开展栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)基因组学研究、阐明其基因组的结构与功能、图位克隆重要功能基因、构建高密度物理图谱并最终实现与已有遗传连锁图的整合,本研究在植物基因组BAC库构建技术的基础上,针对海洋生物的特点进行了大胆的改革与尝试,最终成功构建了C. ferrari和L. vannamei两种重要海水养殖动物的基因组BAC库。 本文构建的栉孔扇贝基因组BAC库,由BamHI文库和MboI文库构成。其中BamHI文库含有73,728个BAC隆,空载率约为1%,平均插入片段约为110 kb,覆盖栉孔扇贝单倍体基因组约8倍;MboI文库共有7,680个克隆组成,平均插入片段大小约为145 kb,插入率为100%,覆盖栉孔扇贝单倍体基因组约1.1倍。两个栉孔扇贝基因组BAC库共由81,408个克隆组成,平均插入片段约为113 kb,覆盖率约为栉孔扇贝单倍体基因组大小的9.1倍。 将栉孔扇贝基因组BAC库的192个384微孔培养板中的73,728个BAC隆以4 x 4点阵形式制备了高密度DNA薄膜,用于对感兴趣的基因及DNA序列的筛选。高密度DNA薄膜的覆盖率约为栉孔扇贝单倍体基因组的8.3倍。针对栉孔扇贝先天免疫系统通路的6个重要功能基因,根据栉孔扇贝cDNA序列以及异缘物种DNA序列设计了Overgo探针。利用Overgo探针对高密度DNA薄膜杂交筛选的结果显示,平均每个基因检测到7.3个潜在阳性克隆。 本研究所构建的凡纳滨对虾基因组HindIII酶切BAC库共有102,528个BAC隆,存放于267个384微孔培养板中,平均插入片段大小约为101 kb,空载率约为5%,覆盖L. vannamei单倍体基因组约5倍。将其中240个384微孔培养板中的92,160个BAC隆以4 x 4的矩阵排列形式制作了5张高密度凡纳滨对虾DNA薄膜,约覆盖整个对虾单倍体基因组的4.5倍。针对6个与对虾免疫、生殖生理有关的重要功能基因设计了Overgo探针,杂交筛选出20个阳性克隆,平均每个基因有3.3个潜在阳性克隆。 以上筛选结果不仅为进一步研究这些功能基因的结构与功能、表达与调控,揭示它们在扇贝和对虾以及其他近缘种的免疫系统、抗逆和生殖生理过程中的作用机理打下了基础,同时也间接验证了栉孔扇贝和凡纳滨对虾基因组BAC库将成为基因筛选、基因的结构与功能分析、基因图位克隆、物理图谱构建以及大规模全基因组测序等方面的有力工具。
Resumo:
本文对北移坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis中的藻胆蛋白和多糖进行了深入的研究,并发现其化学结构特征与南方坛紫菜存在一定差异,其主要结果如下:坛紫菜的水溶性色素粗提物经过耱酸铵沉淀和羟基磷灰石(HA)柱层析后,分离到三种藻胆蛋白,即藻蓝蛋白(RPC、藻红蛋白(RPE)和变藻蓝蛋白(APC。在中性介质中,其吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱与文献报告基本一致,但在酸性(PH_3)或碱性(PH_(12))介质中,吸收光谱有明显改变,原有的荧光性质也消失。RPCAPC分离到一种聚集体,但RPE有两种不同的聚体,用Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤方法,测得藻胆蛋白的分子量分别为:RPC 117,000,APC 122,000,小分子RPE 34,000,大分子RPE 232,000。 而且RPE的两种聚集体的吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及等电点等物理性质都有所差异。对RPE的氨基酸分析结果表明,以天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸为主,且酸性氨基酸的含量大于碱性基酸的含量。用分级法对南北方两种坛紫菜的热水和冷水提取多糖进行了层析分级,用~(13)C-NMR和红外光谱研究了各级分的化学结构特征,南北方坛紫菜琼胶分别主要由用1.0M和0.5M NaCl从DEAE-Sephadex A50层析柱洗脱下的带电荷的琼胶分子组成,~(13)C-NMR谱图表明坛紫菜主要由琼胶糖结构及其生物前体(硫酸基结合在L-半乳糖的第6位碳上)构成,且甲基化琼胶糖在南方坛紫菜中的含量明显比北移坛紫菜高,这是坛紫菜由南方移植北方后的明显差异,这种差异对于进一步研究坛紫菜的生理学特点是有意义的。
Resumo:
对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科3 种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式(K)、染色体相对长度组成(C. R. L. ) 和核型不对称系数(A s. K% ) 分别为: 青藏金莲花 T rollius pumilus var. tangu ticus: K (2n) = 6m + 8sm (2SA T ) + 2st, C. R. L. = 4L + 4M 2+ 4M 1+ 4S,A s. K% = 63. 57, 核型属2B型; 甘青乌头A conitum tanguticum 为K (2n) = 6m + 10sm ,C. R. L. = 4L + 8M 1+ 4S,A s. K% = 62. 54, 2B 型; 单花翠雀花Delphinium candelabrum var.monanthum 为K (2n) = 6m + 8sm + 2st, C. R. L. = 4L + 4M 2+ 4M 1+ 6S,A s. K% = 64. 34, 属3B 型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较, 青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花T.ch inensis 低; 甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群(乌头组Sect. Aconitum ) 已报道的种之内最低; 单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组(Sect. Delphinastrum ) 已报道的展毛翠雀花D. kamaoense var. glabrescens多枝翠雀花D. maxim owiczii 和蓝翠雀花D. caeruleum 都低。这与该3 种植物在王文采先生(1979) 中国毛茛分类系统中的位置是一致的。