An eta(6)-toluene complex of neodymium: [Nd(eta(6)-C6H5CH3)(AlCl4)(3)]

The Nd-III ion in hexa-mu-chloro-1:2 kappa(2)Cl;1:3 kappa(2)Cl;1:4 kappa(2)Cl-hexachloro-2 kappa(2)Cl,3 kappa(2)Cl,4 kappa(2)Cl- [1 (eta(6))- toluene] trialuminiumneodymium has distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry. Five Cl atoms form the equatorial plane, and the toluene ring and the sixth Cl atom occupy the apical sites. The average Nd-C(eta(6)) and Nd-Cl distances are 2.926 (5) and 2.857 (1) Angstrom, respectively.

新型透射式红外光谱电化学池

本文报道一种新型透射式红外光谱电化学池的设计制作。应用盐片加工技术,采用内参比点设置等方法。使该池达到30μm的厚度,且具有十分良好的电化学性能。

THE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF MOLYBDENUM-SILICON BLUE

The single crystal of heteropoly blue, HsSiMo12O40.12H2O, the reduced product of molybdenum-silicon heteropoly acid, was prepared by electrochemical reduction and evaporation in nitrogen atmosphere. The Crystal structure of the product was determined. The heteropoly blue H8SiMo12O40.12H2O, Crystallizes space group P1BAR a = 1.3769 (3) nm, b = 1.4346 (4) nm, c = 1.4134 (4) nm, alpha = 120.47 (2)-degrees, beta = 110.70 (2)-degrees, gamma = 66.11 (2)-degrees, Z = 2, R = 0.0608. The heteropoly blue anion was determined to have Keggin Structure and alpha-isomer and it remained the structure of the unreduced heteropoly acid anion. But the distortion of the structure and the changes of bond length and bond angle take place obviously. The four Mo5+ Positions were determined in the structure.

Keggin结构钼硅杂多蓝的合成及晶体结构研究

通过电化学还原的方法得到钼硅杂多酸的还原产物杂多蓝单晶H_8SiMo_(12)O_(40)·12H_2O.测完了它的晶体结构.晶体空间群属PI.α=1.3769(3)nm,b=1.4346(4)nm,c=1.4134(4)nm;α=120.47(2)°,β=110.70(2)°,γ=66.11(2)°;Z=2;R=0.0608.确证杂多蓝阴离子呈现Keggin结构和α-异构体特征,基本保持未还原杂多酸阴离子的结构.但是在结构畸变程度、键角和键长的变化以及结晶水的分布上有明显不同.同时确定了杂多蓝阴离子结构中4个Mo~(5+)离子的位置.

Molecular cloning and characterisation of a pattern recognition protein, lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A pattern recognition protein (PRP), lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) cDNA was cloned from the haemocyte of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by the techniques of homology cloning and RACE. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the full-length cDNA of 1,275 bp has an open reading frame of 1,098 bp encoding a protein of 366 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of F. chinensis LGBP showed a high identity of 94%, 90%, 87%, 72% and 63% with Penaeus monodon BGBP, Litopenaeus stylirostris LGBP, Marsupenaeu japonicus BGBP, Homarus gammarus BGBP and Pacifastacus leniusculus LGBP, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is 39,857 Da with a deduced pI of 4.39. Two putative integrin binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and a potential recognition motif for beta-1,3-linkage of polysaccharides were observed in LGBP sequence. RT-PCR analysis showed that LGBP gene expresses in haemocyte and hepatopancreas only, but not in other tissues. Capillary electrophoresis RT-PCR method was used to quantify the variation of mRNA transcription level during artificial infection with heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureusin. A significant enhancement of LGBP transcription was appeared at 6 h post-injection in response to bacterial infection. These results have provided useful information to understand the function of LGBP in shrimp.

He, Ne and Ar isotopic composition of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean and implications for their genesis

The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of the upmost layer of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean have been determined. The results indicate that the He and Ar nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios can be classified into two types: low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type. The low He-3/He-4 type is characterized by high He-4 abundances of 191x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with variable He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range (42.8-421)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (5.40-141)x10(-9)cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), and (773-10976)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The high He-3/He-4 samples are characterized by low He-4 abundances of 11.7x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range of (7.57-17.4)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (110.4-25.5)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) and (5354-9050)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The low He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with RIRA ratios of 2.04-2.92) which are lower than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (447-543) which are higher than those of air (295.5). The high He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with R/R-A ratios of 10.4-12.0) slightly higher than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (293-299) very similar to those of air (295.5). The Ne isotopic ratios (Ne-20/Ne-22 and Ne-21/Ne-22 ratios of 10.3-10.9 and 0.02774-0.03039, respectively) and the Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios (0.1886-0.1963) have narrow ranges which are very similar to those of air (the Ne-20/Ne-22, Ne-21/Ne-22, Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios of 9.80, 0.029 and 0.187, respectively), and cannot be differentiated into different groups. The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios, together with their regional variability, suggest that the noble gases in the Fe-Mn crusts originate primarily from the lower mantle. The low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type samples have noble gas characteristics similar to those of HIMU (High U/Pb Mantle)- and EM (Enriched Mantle)-type mantle material, respectively. The low He-3/He-4 type samples with HIMU-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts whereas the high He-3/He-4 type samples with EM-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Line Island Chain. This difference in noble gas characteristics of these crust types implies that the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain, and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts originated from HIMU-type lower mantle material whereas the Line Island Chain originated from EM-type lower mantle material. This finding is consistent with variations in the Pb-isotope and trace element signatures in the seamount lavas. Differences in the mantle surce may therefore be responsible for variations in the noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in the Fe-Mn crusts. Mantle degassing appears to be the principal factor controlling noble gas isotopic abundances in Fe-Mn crusts. Decay of radioactive isotopes has a negligible influence on the nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of noble gases in these crusts on the timescale of their formation.

青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究

选择青海湖地区的次生芨芨草草地为研究对象,以围栏内封育和围栏外自由放牧的草地做对照,研究了围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发状况、密度和数量、物种多样性,以及土壤种子库与地上植被的关系。结果表明,围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发趋势非常相似,但是萌发种子累计数量不同;围栏内外土壤种子库中萌发种子的平均密度分别为3660和2460粒·m-2,围栏内萌发种子数比围栏外提高了48.8%;围栏内外土壤种子库的物种多样性指数差异较大,围栏内外丰富度指数R1分别为17和13,R2为3.693和2.832,丰富度围栏内大于围栏外,多样性指数和丰富度指数具有相同的规律,均匀度指数围栏内外分别为0.812和0.857,则是围栏外大于围栏内。围栏内外地上植被群落组成存在显著差异,围栏内的封育草地的物种丰富度和多样性指数均大于围栏外的放牧草地,而均匀度指数则呈相反趋势。

增强UV-B辐射对高山植物麻花艽净光合速率的影响

在高寒矮嵩草 (K obresia humilis)草甸地区以太阳短波辐射为背景 ,建立了人工增强 U V- B辐射的实验装置 ,每天增补 15 .8k J· m- 2 的辐射剂量 ,模拟平流层臭氧破坏约 5 %时近地表面太阳 UV- B辐射的增强。观测表明 :UV- B辐射的增强对麻花艽 (Gentiana straminea)植物的光合作用无明显的抑制或伤害作用。相反 ,在早晨补充UV- B辐射的短时间内 ,叶片的 Pn 随 Gs的增大而有所提高。随 UV- B辐射时间的延长 ,约在 11∶ 30～ 12∶ 30 ,Pn和Gs有所降低。U V- B辐射时间进一步延长后 (约 14∶ 0 0以后 ) ,处理和对照组叶片 Pn和 Gs的差异趋向不明显。增强太阳 UV- B辐射后 ,麻花艽叶片的光合色素并无明显变化 ,U V-B 吸收物质的含量也无明显变化。麻花艽叶片厚度的直接测量表明: 增强UV -B 辐射能明显提高叶片的厚度。叶片厚度的增加可补偿增强UV -B 辐射后引起的光合色素的光降解, 改善单位叶面积为基础的光合速率, 是高原植物对强UV-B 辐射的一种适应方式。

Determination of five pharmacologically active compounds extracted from Rhodiola for natural product drug discovery with HPLC-APCI-MS

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) assay for the determination of five pharmacologically active compounds (PAC) extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, Rhodiola , namely salidroside, tyrosol, rhodionin, gallic acid, and ethyl gallate has been developed. In this method, PAC could be baseline separated and detected with DAD at 275 nm. The validation of the method, including sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, and recovery, was examined. The linear calibration curves were acquired with correlation coefficient >0.999 and the limits of detection LOD (at a signal-to-noise ratio=3:1) were between 0.058 and 1.500 mu mol/L. It was found, that the amounts of PAC varied with different species of Rhodiola . The established method is rapid and reproducible for the separation of five natural pharmacologically active compounds from extracts of Rhodiola with satisfactory results.

贵州关岭上三叠统瓦窑组中碳酸盐岩结核形成的生物作用

贵州省关岭县新铺乡附近的晚三叠世早期地层瓦窑组底部产具重大科学意义的关岭生物群。关岭生物群产出地层中伴有大量大型碳酸盐岩结核。这些结核中部都有植物茎干，结核内的海百合、双壳、菊石、牙莆刺等生物化石含量明显高于结核周期的岩石，且有许多生物化石直接附着在植物茎干上。这类结核的形成，除化学沉积作用外，还有生物作用的影响。海百合、双壳类和菊石类栖息在植物茎干上营假浮生活，随着栖息生物量和化学沉积物灰泥的增加，逐渐沉积在海底形成结核。

滇西羊拉铜矿区硅质岩特征及与成矿的关系

在滇西羊拉铜矿区发现了4层硅质岩, 该硅质岩具有低的TiO2, Al2O3与高的成矿元素(Cu, Au, Ag)含量特征. 硅质岩稀土元素总量很低, 其球粒陨石标准化配分模式为向右倾的曲线, 具有明显的负Eu异常与弱的正Ce异常, 与矿区早期形成的块状硫化物矿石、 矿石矿物及脉石矿物具有一致的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式, 而与成矿中晚期形成的夕卡岩型矿石及破碎带充填交代型矿石明显不同. 硅质岩的硅同位素组成与热水沉积的硅华及硅质岩一致, 它的铅同位素组成与块状硫化物矿石一致, 它的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为272 Ma ± 6 Ma, 与赋矿地层时代一致. 研究表明羊拉矿区硅质岩为典型的热水沉积硅质岩, 且与矿区块状硫化物矿体关系密切, 这为该矿床块状硫化物矿体为海底喷流热水沉积作用形成提供了直接的证据.

乌江流域不同演化阶段水库汞的输入输出通量研究

北欧和北美的研究发现水库是典型的汞敏感生态系统，新建水库而引起的鱼体甲基汞污染问题已受到科学家的高度重视，而我国在这方面的研究比较薄弱。本论文选择乌江流域的6个水库作为研究对象，并根据年龄把这些水库划分为3个演化阶段，洪家渡、引子渡、索风营水库为初级演化阶段，普定、东风水库为中级演化阶段，乌江渡水库为高级演化阶段。对这6个水库总汞和甲基汞的输入和输出通量进行了研究，探讨了不同演化阶段的水库对总汞和甲基汞的“源/汇”作用，主要研究内容有以下三个方面：(1)各水库入出库河流中汞的分布特征；(2)大气降水中汞浓度及沉降通量的分布；(3)乌江流域不同水库汞的输入输出通量。通过本论文的研究，得出以下主要结论： 1. 乌江流域河流中总汞、颗粒态汞、溶解态汞、活性汞、总甲基汞、溶解态甲基汞的年均浓度分别为3.41±1.98、2.05±1.73、1.36±0.44、0.24±0.11、0.15±0.06、0.08±0.03 ng•L-1。与国内外其它河流的比较发现，总汞的浓度明显低于国外受污染的河流，略高于国外未受污染的河流。溶解态汞、活性汞、甲基汞的浓度略低于受污染的河流，与未受污染的河流基本相当。与同处在贵州喀斯特地区的阿哈湖、红枫湖、百花湖的入出库河流相比，总汞、溶解态汞、活性汞、甲基汞、溶解态甲基汞的浓度均明显偏低。 2. 水库的修建显著降低了出库河流中总汞、颗粒态汞的浓度，使总甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞的浓度升高，而且增加了出库河流中溶解态汞、活性汞、总甲基汞占总汞的比例。不同形态汞的沿程分布显示，梯级水库的修建改变了河流原有的汞的生物地球化学过程，使乌江多个河段的甲基汞升高，并且随着水库生态系统的不断演化，水库输出的甲基汞将增加，下游河流水体中甲基汞有继续升高的趋势。 3. 大气降雨中总汞、溶解态汞、颗粒态汞、活性汞、总甲基汞的浓度分别为7.49~149 ng•L-1、1.23~10.0 ng•L-1、5.76~142 ng•L-1、0.56~2.94 ng•L-1、0.08~0.82 ng•L-1，且以颗粒态汞为主，约占总汞比例的87%。总汞、溶解态汞、颗粒态汞、甲基汞的浓度有明显的季节变化趋势，冬春季高于夏秋季，而空间分布特征不明显。2006年总汞、甲基汞的年湿沉降通量为34.7±5.80 µg•m-2•yr-1、0.18±0.03 µg•m-2•yr-1，且主要受降雨量的影响。乌江流域降雨中总汞的浓度及其湿沉降通量远高于北美和日本，低于中国的一些城市地区（如长春和北京），而甲基汞的浓度和通量与其它地区相当。 4. 在乌江流域的不同水库中，降雨输入总汞和甲基汞的通量主要受降雨量和水库面积的影响，而与降雨的汞浓度间没有相关性。河流向水库输入总汞的量主要受河流流量的控制，而输入甲基汞和颗粒物的量受河流流量和浓度的影响。下泄水输出总汞、甲基汞、颗粒物的通量受浓度和流量的影响。由于流域面积/水面面积的比值较大，水库水量、总汞、甲基汞、颗粒物的输入以河流为主，分别占总输入的87%、80%、85%、86%。输出以下泄输出为主，下泄水输出的水量、总汞、甲基汞、颗粒物分别占总输出的80%、77%、86%、79%。 5. 从输入-输出通量的结果发现，各水库均表现为河流颗粒物输送的“汇”；除乌江渡水库外，其它水库均表现为总汞的“汇”；对甲基汞而言，引子渡、洪家渡、索风营水库表现为“汇”，而普定、东风、乌江渡水库则表现为“源”。 6. 普定和洪家渡水库中总汞的贮存率为56%和57%，明显高于其它水库，说明在上游有水库存在的情况下，水库对总汞“汇”的作用将降低。普定、东风、乌江渡水库中甲基汞的净通量分别为+69.4 g•yr-1、+368 g•yr-1、+857 g•yr-1，转化率为13%、73%、84%，说明甲基汞的净通量和转化率与水库的演化阶段有关，随着水库演化阶段的升高而增加，并且随着水库的不断演化，甲基汞将从“汇”变成“源”。

汶川地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍症状及其相关因素研究

The present paper studies focus on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents post-disaster. 482 students from 6 secondary schools and 17 primary schools in the extremely severe disaster areas in Mianzhu, Sichuan province and 785 students from 3 primary schools and 9 secondary schools in the severe disaster areas in Baoji, Shaanxi respectively were surveyed on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure after the Wenchuan earthquake. Self-compiled background information questionnaire and CRIES were used for the investigation. In this study, we contrast the extent of disaster exposure in the two areas in order to explore the related factors about the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent post-disaster. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. There are significant positive corrections between the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure(get trapped in the earthquake、relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake).The more exposed in the disaster, the more serious symptom of the post-traumatic stress disorder. The trauma exposure indicators (get trapped in the earthquake, relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake)were all significant predictors for PTSD severity. 2. There are significant sex difference in the extent（F=8.750, p <0.05） and the incidence rate of PTSD（χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）, the extent and the incidence rate of girls in Mianzhu is significantly higher than that of boys. 3. The age is also an influence factor of PTSD. The extent （F=7.246, p <0.001）and the incidence rate （χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）of PTSD get higher as adolescent in Mianzhu get older. 4. As the extremely severe disaster areas, the extent of disaster exposure of Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of the severe disaster areas Baoji. However, there are not difference in the extent of PTSD between two areas（t=0.181，df=1265,p=0.857）, there are only significant difference in the incidence rate of PTSD between two areas（χ =8.766，df=1,p=0.003）, the incidence rate of PTSD in Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of Baoji areas.