单电离态Kr原子强跃迁能级振子强度的研究

阐述了用束 箔方法通过测量单电离态Kr原子强跃迁谱线的能级寿命来确定振子强度f 值的方法 ,并对确定出的强跃迁谱线的能级吸收振子强度进行简要讨论。

Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated hexadecane used for thermal energy storage

Polyurea microcapsules about 2.5 mum in diameter containing phase change material for thermal energy storage application were synthesized and characterized by interfacial polycondensation method with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine as monomers in an emulsion system. Hexadecane was used as a phase change material and OP, which is nonionic surfactant, and used as an emulsifier. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the microcapsules were investigated by FTIR and thermal analysis respectively. The results show encapsulated hexadecane has a good potential as a solar energy storage material.

Difference of ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized with various templates

ZSM-5 zeolites with similar SUM ratio were synthesized successfully using various templates (n-butylamine (BTA), ethylamine (ETA), isopropylamine (IPA), ethylenediamine (EDA), ethanol (ETL), ethanol-ammonium (ETL-AM) and no template (NT)) under hydrothermal conditions. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XRF, NH3-TPD and BET surface area measurements in order to understand the template effects and the differences of the ZSM-5 samples. The synthesis of ZSM-5 with organic templates was relatively easier than those with inorganic templates and without template. SEM results revealed that ZSM-5 synthesized with different templates had different morphology and particle size. The Si/Al ratio and BET specific surface area of the sample with ethanol as template was the lowest. NH3-TPD results showed that the sample synthesized without template had fewer strong acid sites than others. n-Hexane cracking reaction was carried out over the samples to evaluate the catalytic properties. All ZSM-5 zeolites were effective in n-hexane cracking reaction, especially for the sample synthesized without template. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

延安燕沟流域次降雨泥沙来源分析

延安燕沟流域属于水土流失治理的重点区,退耕还林(草)措施引起的生态环境改善和经济发展带动的山区道路建设压力对本地区侵蚀环境和侵蚀动力机制产生了巨大影响,坡面水土流失与道路水土流失对比关系发生了新变化。在坡面侵蚀得到初步治理的新环境下,道路侵蚀则上升为主要地位。依据燕沟流域2005年7月2日的5年一遇暴雨引起的不同土地利用类型下的侵蚀产沙监测结果,结合流域卡口站测得的流域产沙总量,分析各土地利用类型产沙量对流域总产沙量的贡献,并依据流域土地利用的演变,反演林草植被恢复与道路建设对流域泥沙来源的作用。研究结果表明:在次降雨条件下,道路的产沙强度为支道山路500 t/km2、干道山路3 163 t/km2、运油道路1万3500 t/km2,而农、林、草地的产沙强度为6~184 t/km2;道路产沙强度远大于农、林、草地的产沙强度:占流域面积1%的道路产沙量占总产沙量的42.3%,占流域面积70.5%的草地、灌木林地产沙量仅占流域的26.7%。退耕还林(草)措施使流域坡面产沙量大为降低,流域产沙量减少41.2%,但由于道路产沙量增加,抵消了减沙效益的58.0%,因此,黄土丘陵区植被恢复后,应将水土流失治理重点放在防止...

黄土高原典型土壤剖面土壤颗粒组成分形特征

采集从北向南依次分布的干润砂质新成土(神木)、黄土正常新成土(延安)和土垫旱耕人为土(杨陵)等典型土壤剖面0～200cm土层土样,通过测定土样颗粒体积分形维数及基本性质,以期阐明黄土高原典型土壤颗粒体积分形特征及其与土壤基本性质间的相关性。结果表明,从南到北,土壤颗粒体积分形维数呈下降趋势,而不同土层土壤颗粒体积分形维数差异不显著。土垫旱耕人为土、黄土正常新成土和干润砂质新成土表层(0～10cm)颗粒体积分形维数分别为2.723±0.024、2.609±0.077和2.589±0.025,表层以下(10～200cm)颗粒平均体积分形维数分别为2.729±0.034、2.584±0.054和2.558±0.034;颗粒体积分形维数与<0.01mm的物理性黏粒及<0.002mm的黏粒体积百分含量呈极显著正相关关系,与0.002～0.05mm的粉粒和>0.05mm的砂粒体积百分含量呈极显著负相关关系,与粉粒的显著性较小,而土壤中物理性黏粒体积百分含量与土壤全氮、有机碳及矿物固定态铵均达到极显著正相关关系,而砂粒体积百分含量与上述土壤基本性质均呈极显著负相关关系。

生物多样性与森林生态系统健康的几个关键问题

生物多样性和生态系统健康间的关系,是生态学领域的一个重大科学问题,近年来已成为关注的热点。首先,生物多样性在复杂的时空尺度上维持着生态系统过程的运行,是生态系统功能得以维持的生物基础;其次,生物多样性是生态系统抗干扰能力、恢复能力及适应环境变化能力的物质基础。生态系统健康的维持取决于系统的生物多样性、可再生能力和生产力,维护生物多样性是生态系统管理计划中不可缺少的部分;第三,对生态系统健康程度的评价,很大程度上依赖于对生态过程的认识,而生物多样性及其生态系统功能又是认识和了解生态过程的基础。本文通过对森林生态系统异质性、种间关系及关键种、外来物种入侵、"绿色沙漠"等问题的论述,阐述了生物多样性与森林生态系统健康之间的关系,提出了我国所面临的问题和相应的对策。

Lamellar single crystals of nylon-10,10 crown from a dimethylformamide solution

A new solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF), and the traditional solvent, 1,4-butanediol, were used to prepare single crystals of nylon-10,10 from a dilute solution. The lamellae grown from DMF inhabited a more perfect structure and regular shape than those crystals crystallized from traditional solvents such as 1,4-butanediol and glycerin. These thin and perfect lamellar crystals demonstrated patterns of variation in spacing different from those of melt-crystallized spherulites on heating. Specifically, the two main spacings slightly separated rather than continuously approaching each other when the temperature was greater than 180 degreesC. This is a novel phenomenon observed in nylons. Nevertheless, the usual pattern of change in spacing was observed during the cooling process. These lamellar crystals showed more compact spacing of the (002) and (010/100) planes than spherulites at room temperature. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Thermodynamics of blends of poly(ethylene oxide) with poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate): prediction of miscibility based on Flory solution theory modified by Hamada

Flory solution theory modified by Hamada et al. (Macromolecules, 1980, 13, 729) was used to predict the miscibility of blends of poly(ethylene oxide) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO-aPMMA) and with poly(vinyl acetate) (PEO-PVAc). Interaction parameters of a PEO-aPMMA blend with the weight ratio of PEO/aPMMA = 50/50 at the temperature range of 393-433 K and PEO-PVAc blends with different compositions and temperatures were calculated from the determined equation-of-state parameters based on Flory solution theory modified by Hamada ed al. Results show that interaction parameters of the PEO-aPMMA blend are negative and can be comparable with values obtained from neutron-scattering measurements by Ito et al. (Macromolecules, 1987, 20, 2213). Also, interaction parameters and excess volumes of PEO-PVAc blends are negative and increase with enhancing the content of PEO and the temperature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary investigations on polymerization catalysts composed of lanthanocene and methylaluminoxane

The polymerization of butadiene(Bd), isoprene(Ip) and styrene(St) has been examined using the six catalyst systems composed of lanthanocene, (C5H9Cp)(2)NdCl(I), (C5H9Cp)(2)SmCl(II), (MeCp)(2)SmOAr'(III), (Ind)(2)NdCl(IV), Me2Si(Ind)(2)NdCl(V) and (Flu)(2)NdCl(VI), and methylaluminoxane(MAO) respectively. All of them can be used to form the polyisoprene with molecular weights of 1 to 10 thousand and cis-1,4-unit contents of 41 to 47%. (I), (II) and (III) of them can be also used to form the polybutadiene with molecular weights of 10 to 20 thousand and cis-1,4-unit contents of 62 to 78%. In addition, the catalysts from (II) to (V) are still active for St polymerization and (II) of them gives a syndio -rich random polystyrene. It is noteworthy that (II) and (III) are active for homopolymerization of Bd, Ip and St in the same polymerization condition.

Effect of crystal-disrupting chlorohydroquinone on the first-order transitions of poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing biphenyl units

The novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone with 4,4'-biphenyldiol and chlorohydroquinone. As expected, the copolymers have lower melting transitions than the biphenyldiol-based homopoly(aryl ether ketone) because of the copolymerization effect of the crystal-disrupting monomer chlorohydroquinone. Copolymers containing 50 and 70% biphenyldiol show two first-order transitions which are associated with the crystal-to-liquid crystal transition and the liquid crystal-to-isotropic transition.

EQUATION OF STATE FOR POLYMER SOLIDS

A new equation of state for polymer solids is given by P = B0/4 98[(V0/V)7.14 - (V0/V)2.16 + T/T0] comparison of the equation of state with experimental data is made for six kinds of polymers at different temperatures and pressures. The results obtained shown that the equation is suitable to describe the compression behavior of solid polymers in the region without transition.

固态高聚物状态方程的研究

本文从理论上导出了一个新的三参数固态高聚物的状态方程p=(B_o/4.98)[(V_o/V)~(7.14)-(V_o/V)~(2.16)+(T/T_o)] 在不发生转变的温度区域内,它适用于描述固态高聚物的压强-体积-温度关系.方程形式简单,物理参数的意义较明确.

Cytoglobosins A-G, Cytochalasans from a Marine-Derived Endophytic Fungus, Chaetomium globosum QEN-14

Financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2010CB833802 and 2007AA09Z446) and from the National Science Foundation of China (30910103914) is gratefully acknowledged.