延安燕沟流域次降雨泥沙来源分析

延安燕沟流域属于水土流失治理的重点区,退耕还林(草)措施引起的生态环境改善和经济发展带动的山区道路建设压力对本地区侵蚀环境和侵蚀动力机制产生了巨大影响,坡面水土流失与道路水土流失对比关系发生了新变化。在坡面侵蚀得到初步治理的新环境下,道路侵蚀则上升为主要地位。依据燕沟流域2005年7月2日的5年一遇暴雨引起的不同土地利用类型下的侵蚀产沙监测结果,结合流域卡口站测得的流域产沙总量,分析各土地利用类型产沙量对流域总产沙量的贡献,并依据流域土地利用的演变,反演林草植被恢复与道路建设对流域泥沙来源的作用。研究结果表明:在次降雨条件下,道路的产沙强度为支道山路500 t/km2、干道山路3 163 t/km2、运油道路1万3500 t/km2,而农、林、草地的产沙强度为6~184 t/km2;道路产沙强度远大于农、林、草地的产沙强度:占流域面积1%的道路产沙量占总产沙量的42.3%,占流域面积70.5%的草地、灌木林地产沙量仅占流域的26.7%。退耕还林(草)措施使流域坡面产沙量大为降低,流域产沙量减少41.2%,但由于道路产沙量增加,抵消了减沙效益的58.0%,因此,黄土丘陵区植被恢复后,应将水土流失治理重点放在防止...

The Yangou watershed is located in Yanan in the most erosive region.At present the vegetation restoration in large scale and high intensity of oil exploiting had brought huge influence on driving forces for the erosion environment change.The balance of slope land erosion and road erosion had been changed a lot.After most slope land had been restored by vegetation,road erosion became more and more important,especially under the massive road constructing for oil industry.In this paper,sediment yield under the...