73 resultados para 665


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Thisarticle,takingAntuCountyasanobjectofstudy ,choosesErdaoTown ,thenearesttotheChangbaishanBiological CycleNatureReserve ,asapointforcasestudy .Theanalysisfromtheqestionairesconductedbythelocalinhabitantsindi catesthatthetouristactivitiescarriedoutintheChang -baishanBiologicalCycleNatureReservehavehadprofoundsocial andculturalimpactonthelocalinhabitants.Thedevelopmentoftouristindustryhaspromotedthedevelopmentoflocale conomyandculture.However,theattitudeofthelocalmassestowardsthedevelopmentoftourismisstillin“intoxicating stage” ,i.e .,initsinitialstage.Theywelcometouristsandinvestors,butlackplanningandcontrollingmechanism .This articleraisessomesuggestionsontherationaldevelopmentofecotourismintheChangbaishanBiologicalCycleNatureRe serve .

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Crude polysaccharide extracts were obtained from aqueous extracts of the microalgae Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The crude extracts were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose columns. The molecular weights of the polysaccharides in each fraction were estimated by gel filtration on Sephacryl columns. The crude polysaccharide extracts of both microalgae showed anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. In assays of effects on the delayed hyper-sensitivity response, and on phagocytic activity assayed in vivo and in vitro, the C. stigmatophora extract showed immunosuppressant effects, while the P. tricornutum extract showed immunostimulatory effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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以黄土高原土壤类型和土壤肥力差异较大的25个农田石灰性耕层土壤为供试土样,研究了土壤微生物量碳(BC)、微生物量氮(BN)与土壤氮素矿化势(N0)、全氮(TN)、有机碳(OC)及土壤颗粒组成的关系.结果表明:BC、BN与TN、OC呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),表明BC、BN与土壤肥力关系密切,可作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标.BC、BN与N0均呈高度正相关,相关系数分别为0.665和0.741(P<0.01).BC、BN、TN、OC、N0与土壤物理性粘粒(<0.01 mm)呈显著或极显著正相关,而与物理性砂粒(>0.01 mm)呈显著或极显著负相关,与物理性粘粒和砂粒比值呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤有机质主要通过与土壤物理性粘粒复合而形成有机无机复合体.

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针对密云水库上游承德"21世纪水资源可持续利用项目"中水土流失治理后来水减少,加剧下游城市(北京)水资源供需矛盾的问题,探讨集水区减少水土保持用水,增加流域产水量,从而水资源在下游(首都圈)发挥最大效益的思路。在将流域分成3种类型区的基础上,提出了流域分区治理方案及其标准:1)生态产水功能区,以增加产水供给下游为主要目的,提出以需水量最低的低覆盖度草地配置为主的水土流失坡面治理模式和减少蓄水、增大拦沙的弱化与强化相结合的沟道治理模式;2)生产生活功能区,以满足流域基本粮食生产为主要目的,提出以黄土丘陵区坝地为主的水土流失治理模式及其标准;3)生态产水与生产生活复合功能区,兼顾二者功能,提出以需水量中等的灌木林和疏林配置为主的水土流失治理模式及标准。

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在土壤脲酶的作用下,尿素能迅速水解生成氨和碳酸氢铵,易挥发损失,致使氮利用率低。脲酶抑制剂能有效抑制脲酶活性,延缓尿素分解,提高氮素利用率。本文简单介绍了土壤脲酶概况、脲酶抑制剂的作用机理和种类,综述了脲酶抑制剂的研究进展,并提出存在问题及发展方向。

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目的研究文冠果果壳乙醇提取物、总皂苷及ST-n-2对学习记忆障碍的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法采用跳台法观察东莨菪碱和亚硝酸钠所致学习记忆障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力,八臂放射状迷路法观察(+)-MK-801致学习记忆障碍大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果文冠果果壳乙醇提取物、总皂苷及ST-n-2均显著改善东莨菪碱所致的记忆获得障碍和亚硝酸钠所致的记忆巩固障碍,文冠果果壳乙醇提取物显著改善(+)-MK-801所致的工作记忆和参照记忆障碍。结论文冠果果壳乙醇提取物、总皂苷及ST-n-2对学习记忆障碍均有显著改善作用,其作用机制可能与增强中枢胆碱能神经系统及谷氨酸能神经系统功能、抗脑组织耗氧损伤有关;总皂苷是文冠果果壳改善记忆障碍的有效部位,ST-n-2是其主要有效成分之一。

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综合分析了全球气候变暖争议中的3个核心问题:①全球变暖停滞了吗?回答是不一定。虽然根据HadCRUT3序列显示1999—2008年温度增量很小,但是这10年仍是过去30年中最暖的10年。而根据NASAGISS序列,则同期温度增量仍达到0.19℃/10a。目前全球地表气温在一个较暖平台上振荡,不能忽视自然气候变率。②气候变暖完全是由人类活动造成的吗?回答是否定的。虽然温室效应加剧可能是全球变暖的主要原因。但是,ENSO、太阳活动、火山活动、热盐环流等对全球变暖也有影响,在年代际及年际尺度上其影响甚至有时可能

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Isothermal crystallization kinetics in the melting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated as a function of the shear rate and crystallization temperature by optical microscopy. The radial growth rates of the spherulites are described by a kinetics equation including shearing and relaxation combined effects and the free energy for the formation of a secondary crystal nucleus. The free-energy difference between the liquid and crystalline phases increased slightly with rising shearing rates. The experimental findings showed that the influence of the relaxation of PEO, which is related to the shear-induced orientation and stretch in a PEO melt, on the rate of crystallization predominated over the influence of the shearing. This indicated that the relaxation of PEO should be more important so that the growth rates increase with shearing, but it was nearly independent of the shear rate within the measured experimental range.

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The characteristic electrochemical mechanics of azobenzene derivative self-assembled monolayers is discussed in present paper. It is presented that the structure inhibition is one of the most important factors in the increase of electrochemical reactive energy. A corresponding mathematical model was established based on Levich and Marcus's theory. Moreover, computational program was written to simulate the decrease of apparent rate constant (k(app)) of electron transfer with increasing surface concentration.

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Phase behavior, thermal, theological and mechanical properties plus morphology have been studied for a binary polymer blend. The blend is phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), a condensation copolymer of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethylene terephthalate (PHB-PET). It was found that these two polymers form optically isotropic and homogeneous blends by means of a solvent casting method. The homogeneous blends undergo phase separation during heat treatment. However, melt mixed PES-C/PHB-PET blends were heterogeneous based upon DSC and DMA analysis and SEM examination. Addition of LCP in PES-C resulted in a marked reduction of melt viscosity and thus improved processability. Compared to pure PES-C, the charpy impact strength of the blend containing 2.5% LCP increased 2.5 times. Synergistic effects were also observed for the mechanical properties of blends containing < 10% LCP. Particulates, ribbons, and fibrils were found to be the typical morphological units of PHB-PET in the PES-C matrix, which depended upon the concentration of LCP and the processing conditions.

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[Zn(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]SO4.6H2O, M(r) = 665.98, triclinic, P1BAR, a = 10.070 (4), b = 12.280 (3), c = 13.358 (2) angstrom, alpha = 109.12 (2), beta = 92.58 (2), gamma = 110.85 (2)-degrees, V = 1433.9 (7) angstrom 3, Z = 2, D(x) = 1.54 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 10.1 cm-1, F(000) = 692, T = 293 K, R = 0.044 for 3985 observed reflections. The Zn atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by four N atoms from two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two water molecules. The intermolecular ring-stacking interactions between the phen ligands occur in two forms: infinite chains and discrete dimers. Hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure.

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气体探测器在核物理及粒子物理领域有着广泛的应用,尤其是阻性板室探测器,以其低廉的造价、优异的性能在各个大型实验室中都发挥着重要的作用。日本国家高能物理实验室(KEK)的Belle探测器,斯坦福大学斯坦福直线加速器中心(SLAC)的BaBar大型探测器,欧洲核子中心(CERN)的大型强子对撞机(LHC)的CMS与ATLAS谱仪,北京高能物理研究所(IHEP)的BESⅢ谱仪都使用阻性板室作为触发系统或缪子探测器。 随着HIRFL-CSR项目的完工。RIBLL2开展高能放射性束物理实验成为可能,而为了鉴别高能重离子碰撞实验中出射的高能轻粒子,有必要测量粒子的飞行时间(TOF)。为此,我们研制了单隙定时RPC,并作了简单性能测试。在CSR实验终端上,它可以作为传统塑料闪烁晶体+PMT时间探测器的替代,成为反应出射产物测量的大型探测器系统(4π)中的重要成员。 本论文对RPC的发展历史以及被广泛应用的原因做了深入而详细的研究,并对RPC的结构、性能、工作模式、特点、气体系统等进行了深入探讨。研制了一套单气隙RPC探测器样机,测设了一些相关性能,并对所遇到问题的产生原因以及解决方案进行了分析。为了测试RPC的需要,搭建了一套多组分工作气体配气系统,论文中还对包括质量流量计的选定,相关配件的选择,以及后期整个配气系统的组装与调试进行了详细描述

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对虾养殖业的可持续发展面临着种质退化、病害严重和养殖环境恶化等问题的严重挑战。养殖环境恶化造成的环境胁迫,不但影响对虾的生长性状,而且导致对虾的抵抗力下降,更容易引发病害的发生。养殖环境恶化已经严重影响了对虾养殖业的健康可持续发展。本论文针对环境恶化造成的环境胁迫对对虾影响的分子机理进行了研究。 克隆了中国明对虾对环境胁迫应答的重要伴侣蛋白基因,包括钙网蛋白(FcCRT)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (FcGrp78)、热休克蛋白70(FcHsp70)和热休克蛋白90(FcHsp90)的全长cDNA,研究了这些基因的组织表达特征,并对这些基因在不同胁迫条件下的转录表达特征进行了分析。 钙网蛋白是一种多功能的内质网钙结合蛋白,负责蛋白折叠和糖蛋白修饰。本论文首次在中国明对虾报道了钙网蛋白FcCRT基因的全长cDNA序列,编码406个氨基酸,具有保守的N-,P-和C-功能域,以及信号肽和保守的HDEL内质网回收标签。FcCRT基因与其它物种的钙网蛋白具有高度的相似性,系统进化分析表明,FcCRT在亲缘关系上更接近昆虫的钙网蛋白。Northern blot和原位杂交结果显示,FcCRT基因在中国明对虾各组织中均有表达,且在卵巢中发育早起的卵母细胞中表达量最高,说明FcCRT很可能参与了卵母细胞的成熟。FcCRT基因在不同胁迫条件下,其转录表达均呈现明显的变化。在WSSV感染实验中,中国明对虾肝胰脏和淋巴器官中FcCRT转录表达均明显上调;热休克、重金属处理均可引起FcCRT基因转录表达的变化,但不同重金属处理引起FcCRT转录表达变化的模式不同。铜离子处理6小时,会引起FcCRT基因的下调表达,但在12小时之后出现明显上调;镉离子处理12小时后引起FcCRT基因的下调表达,但在24小时又出现明显的上调表达。 葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)是内质网重要的伴侣蛋白。中国明对虾的Grp78基因(FcGrp78)的cDNA全长为2325bp,编码665个氨基酸。FcGrp78具有三个Hsp70蛋白家族标签,并含有KDEL内质网回收标签。FcGrp78基因与中国明对虾已有的Hsc70和Hsp70具有高度相似性。Northern blot杂交结果显示FcGrp78基因在中国明对虾各组织中均有表达。FcGrp78基因在WSSV感染的中国明对虾肝胰脏中呈上调表达,在血细胞中下调表达,说明FcGrp78可能与对虾的免疫应答有关。热休克处理会诱导FcGrp78基因转录的上调。不同重金属离子胁迫引起的FcGrp78转录表达有所不同:铜离子处理可以诱导FcGrp78基因在处理后24小时的上调表达;镉离子的处理导致FcGrp78基因处理后12小时的下调以及处理后24小时的上调表达变化。短期低氧胁迫则抑制对虾FcGrp78基因的转录表达。 本论文报道的中国明对虾FcHsp90基因 cDNA全长2552bp,编码726个氨基酸,具有保守的N端功能域、中间功能域和C端功能域,具有五个保守的Hsp90蛋白家族标签,序列上与其他物种Hsp90相似性高。Real-time RT-PCR结果显示FcHsp90基因在发育的卵巢中表达量较高,说明Hsp90可能参与了对虾卵母细胞成熟过程中的蛋白合成和卵黄蛋白原的分泌。WSSV感染引起中国明对虾肝胰脏的FcHsp90的转录表达明显上调,说明FcHsp90很可能与对虾的免疫相关。热休克处理诱导FcHsp90基因转录表达的迅速上调。铜离子处理也可诱导FcHsp90基因转录的上调表达,而镉离子处理首先引起FcHsp90基因的下调表达,24小时后开始上调。低氧胁迫也会抑制FcHsp90基因在对虾体内的转录表达。 诱导型FcHsp70基因cDNA全长2511bp,编码629个氨基酸,具有三个保守的Hsp70蛋白家族标签和C末端EEVD序列。与其他物种的Hsp70蛋白具有高度的相似性。FcHsp70基因转录表达对于热休克处理和铜离子的处理非常敏感:热休克处理2小时后FcHsp70基因的转录水平是对照组的80倍;铜离子处理12小时FcHsp70基因转录表达达到对照组的15倍。而镉离子处理后没有诱导FcHsp70显著的上调表达。 以上研究结果为阐明对虾对环境胁迫应答的机制奠定了重要基础,并可为抗逆对虾的培育提供依据。