沈阳市细河流域土壤重金属的暴露评估

在系统调查沈阳市细河流域土壤、农作物和大气降尘中重金属分布特征的基础上,按照美国环保局推荐的暴露模型和成人、儿童暴露参数,计算细河流域土壤中5种重金属Zn、Pb、Ba、Cd和Hg的成人、儿童暴露量。结果表明:污染土壤重金属的人群暴露主要来自食物途径,食物摄入暴露量明显大于呼吸摄入暴露量,皮肤接触暴露量则更小。5种金属的成人与儿童食物日暴露总量分别为0.121 mg/kg/d和0.185mg/kg/d,不同重金属的食物日暴露量为:Zn>Pb>Ba>Cd>Hg;呼吸与皮肤接触暴露中儿童的重金属暴露较成人明显,儿童与成人呼吸日摄入总量分别为1.01×10-2 mg/kg/d与1.08×10-3 mg/kg/d;皮肤接触暴露量分别为1.82×10-5 mg/kg/d与1.08×10-5 mg/kg/d。在3种暴露途径中,儿童的平均体重日暴露量均明显大于成人。

高原环境因素与自由基反应

高原环境是一个特殊的生态环境系统,其复杂多变的自然地理条件使移居和新进高原环境的人群或生物出现高原反应或发生“高原(山)病”。大气压低、氧分压低、太阳辐射强所导致的氧化应激反应是高原反应或高原病的主要原因之一。本文从高原气候因素与自由基反应,不同海拔高度对不同民族人群自由基反应的影响,相同海拔高度不同人群的自由基反应,海拔高度与机体抗氧化营养物质变化的关系,不同海拔高度紫外线强度与自由基反应及高原环境地球化学异常与自由基反应等6个方面,论述了高原环境因素与不同人群自由基反应的关系,不仅对探讨环境应激反应所产生的自由基反应与世居高原地区人群起源和进化有重要意义,而且对研究移居人群高原反应和高原病的预防、治疗及经济、国防建设具有现实应用价值。

基于景观尺度过程模型的长白山净初级生产力空间分布影响因素分析

对长白山自然保护区的净初级生产力(NPP)的空间分布格局进行了模拟,对它们与环境因子和植被因子间的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明,1995年NPP的模拟值平均为0.680kgC·m-2·年-1,变幅为0.105～1.241kgC·m-2·年-1(82.1%),其中阔叶红松林的NPP最高(1.084kgC·m-2·年-1).环境条件决定了长白山植被年NPP空间分布的大趋势.土壤含水量对NPP的限制最大,呈负相关关系(R=-0.65),长白山植物生长一般不存在水分不足的问题.植被的NPP与LAI高度正相关(R=

Facile fabrication of large area of aggregated gold nanorods film for efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering

An effective and facile method for fabrication of large area of aggregated gold nanorods (AuNRs) film was proposed by self-assembly of AuNRs at a toluene/water interface for the first time. It was found that large area of aggregated AuNRs film could be formed at the interface of toluene and water due to the interfacial tension between the two phases. The obtained large area of aggregated AuNRs film exhibits strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) as the probe molecules based on the strong electromagnetic coupling effect between the very adjacent AuNRs.

Effects of polymerization conditions on hydrophilic groups in aromatic polyamide thin films

For polyamide used in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, the content of pendant acid groups is critical to its performance. In this work, FTIR was used to analyze the acid contents in the polyamide films prepared via interfacial polymerization of trimesic acid trichloride (TMC) in hexane and 1,3-phenylenediamine (MPDA) in water, and the effects of reaction conditions, including monomer concentrations, time, and temperature, were studied. It was found that more pendant acid groups are present in the polyramide film at higher TMC concentrations or lower MPDA concentrations, and longer reaction times and lower temperatures also favor the formation of the free acids. These results can be explained by the monomer diffusion in the interfacial polymerization process. This work may help the design and fabrication of RO membranes with different hydrophilicity and target performance.

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镉中的杂质元素。讨论了镉基体的谱线干扰，比较了镉基体产生的多原子离子的干扰程度，该干扰按Cdh、CdO、CdO2、CdAr、CdOH和CdOH2顺序递减。研究了不同浓度镉基体对分析物信号的抑制或增强效应，镉的浓度大于0.25·L-1时，对质量数小于100的分析物的信号强度产生抑制，而对质量数大于150的分析物的信号强度产生增强，采用89Y和209Bi作内标分别克服基体的抑制和增强效应。测定了高纯镉的As、Be、Co、Cu、Ga、Ge、Mn、Mo、Pb、Ni、Sr、Au、Tl、Th、V和U等16个杂质元素，方法的检测限0.005～0.052μｇ·L-1，标准加入回收率82%～108%。

On highly discriminating molecular topological index

A highly discriminating molecular topological index, EAID, is proposed based on the extended adjacency matrix. A systematic search for degeneracy was performed for 3 807 434 alkane trees, 202 558 complex cyclic or polycyclic graphs, and 430 472 structures containing heteroatoms. No counterexamples (two or more nonisomorphic structures with the same EAID number) were found. This is a hitherto unheard of power of discrimination. Thus EAID might be possibly used as supplementary reference for CAS Registry Numbers for structure documentation.

SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHROMISM IN SOLUTION OF PHENOXYNAPHTHACENEQUINONE DERIVATIVES

Two new phenoxynaphthacenequinone derivatives, 6-[4-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropyl)phenoxy] -5,12-naphthacenequinone (7) and 6-[4-(potassium sulfophenylazo)phenoxy]-5,12-naphthacenequinone (8), were synthesized, and their photochromism in solution was investigated and compared with that of 6-phenoxy-5,12-naphthacenequinone (1). On the basis of the spectral data and the selective irreversible reaction of ammonia with the colored phenoxy-ana-naphthacenequinone, the concentrations of the ana forms at the photostationary state (PSS), achieved by 365 nm UV irradiation, and the molar extinction coefficients of the pure ana forms at 481-482 nm of compounds 1, 7 and 8 in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were found to be 83 mol.% and 1.70x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1), 82 mol.% and 1.62x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) and 16 mol.% and approximately 1.34x10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) respectively; the absorption spectra of the colored ana forms of 7 and 1 in DMSO were estimated; the rate;constants of photoconversion induced by 365 nm light were obtained. The results show the strong effect of the structure of the phenoxynaphthacenequinones on their photochromism in solution. In addition to DMSO solution, compound 7 exhibited normal photochromism in toluene, benzene, chloroform and a DMSO-ethanol mixed solvent, but not in dimethylformamide (DMF) in which a photoinduced reaction occurred between 7 and DMF or impurities.

结晶嵌段共聚物及其共混体系的研究进展

本文综述了近年来结晶嵌段共聚物及其共混体系的理论和实验研究成果。

ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AT POLYANILINE FILM MODIFIED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODES

A conducting polyaniline (PAn) film modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was prepared by electrochemical polymerization. The electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid (AH(2)) in aqueous solution at this PAn modified electrode was studied in detail. The experimental results show that PAn film modified electrode has good electrocatalytic activity on the oxidation of ascorbic acid in aqueous solution over a wide range of pH value, among which pH 4 is the optimum condition. The oxidation process of ascorbic acid at PAn film electrode can be regarded as an EC catalytic mechanism. The kinetic process of the catalytic reaction was investigated by rotating disk electrode (RDE) coated with PAn films. The rate constant of the catalytic reaction was evaluated. The catalytic peak currents are proportional to the concentrations tions of ascorbic acid in the range of 5 x 10(-2)-1 x 10(-6) mol . L-1. The PAn film elec trodes give very stable responce for the oxidation of ascorbic acid. The present investigation shows the posibility of using PAn film modified electrode for the determination of ascorbic acid.

聚苯胺薄膜修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

本文表明聚苯胺(PAn)薄膜修饰电极对水溶液中的抗坏血酸(AH_2)在较宽的pH范围和较宽的浓度范围内均有良好的电催化氧化作用,为EC平行催化过程。利用旋转圆盘电极(RDE)进行了催化过程动力学分析,求出了催化反应动力学参数。在抗坏血酸浓度10~(-2)～10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)范围内,催化峰电流与AH_2浓度均成良好的线性关系,且PAn薄膜修饰电极具有很好的稳定性,有应用分析抗坏血酸的意义。

高性能聚合物的进展

高性能聚合物是以耐热性为特点的一类高分子化合物。由于其主链主要是由芳环和杂环构成,因此也称为芳杂环聚合物。 高性能聚合物是50年代末在美国首先开始研究和发展的,60年代初开始有产品上市,经过了30年的发展,己经成为高分子材料中一个重要部分,成为航天、航空、电气、微电