Laser-diode-pumped Cr4+,Nd3+: YAG with self-Q-switched laser output of 1.4 W

By use of a laser diode as a pump source, a self-Q-switched laser from a Cr,Nd:YAG crystal is demonstrated. The output Q-switched traces are very stable, the threshold pump power is 3.5 W, the pulse duration is 50 ns, and the slope efficiency is as high as 20%. In addition, the pulse width remains constant while the pulse repetition rate Varies with pump power. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.0140, 140.2020, 140.3380, 140.3480, 140.3540, 140.3580.

反式1，4-聚丁二烯的形态和结构研究

高分子材料一般都具有某种特定的结构，这种结构将直接决定着材料的性能。当高聚物从一种结构变为另一种结构时，其材料的性能将发生改变。近来，M.Hikosaka根据聚乙烯结晶的特点，提出了“链滑移扩散理论”，认为对聚合物热处理时，其晶体片层增厚快慢与分子链的滑移扩散能力有关。反式1,4-聚丁二烯(TPBD)在常压下能以六方相稳定存在，是少有的几种具有六方相结构的聚合物。因为其六方相分子链具有较高的构象数，而各个构象之间由于能垒相差不大，构象之间很容易发生转变；因而分子链运动时相对容易，决定了六方相分子链之间的滑移扩散能力较强。为了验证M.Hikosaka的理论，特对样品在六方相温度范围进行热处理。另外由于TPBD在不同的温度下能以两种晶型稳定存在，这两种晶型之间是怎样转变的也是我们关心的问题，而且通过电镜第一次摄得了单斜相和六方相共存的电子衍射。针对上述问题我们进行了下列研究。(1)以三氯化钒体系，稀土催化剂体系合成了两种分子量的反式1,4-聚丁二烯，用IR，NMR分析高分子量样品的反式1,4结构含量为96.2%，低分子量样品反式l,4结构含量为91.2%。对两种分子量样品进行DSC研究，结果表明低分子量样品的转变温度。熔融温度均比高分子量样品低；用Thomoson-Gibbs方程计算了该样品的片层厚度，并与样品的SAXS实验结果对照，认为这种转变温度和熔点的差异除了与1,2-结构的含量有关外，也与不同分子量具有不同的片层厚度有很大关系。(2)对不同分子量的TPBD进行WAXD实验，研究了其在不同温度下的相行为及单斜相向六方相的相转变过程。以PLM为手段跟踪观察了低分子量样品的相态转变，发现许多晶粒在相转变时从视场中消失。用电镜观察到了单斜相电子衍射，六方相电子衍射及单斜相和六方相共存的电子衍射， 并发现两相结构的形貌没有大的差别。(3)用Cerius~2软件模拟了单斜相结构和六方相结构的分子链堆砌，认为单斜相向六方相发生转变时，六方相分子链构象与单斜相分子链构象相比，有序度较低，从而使其堆砌结构变得松散。同时也模拟了单斜相和六方相在晶带轴为[001]方向的电子衍射，实验观察只能得到计算机模拟所得的单斜相和六方相内层的几个电子衍射点。(4)对低分子量样品在64 ℃热处理1小时后进行的DSC，WAXD，SAXS研究表明，样品的片层厚度显著增大，结晶度也相应提高。(5)研究了高分子量样品在85 ℃和低分子量样品在53 ℃热处理不同时间后，所得的DSC曲线。结果表明随时间增加，TPBD的转变峰温度值明显增加；而且发现在前5分钟内处理样品时，结晶度都有明显增加，处理样品5分钟以后结晶度增长缓慢。对高分子量样品四次升降温时，发现降温曲线有肩峰出现，但升温曲线没有肩峰出现，把肩峰的出现归结于有小尺寸亚稳定晶体的形成。(6)对高分子量样品的六方相等温结晶数据及对由熔体快速冷却到一定温度生成单斜相的等温结晶数据进行处理，得到平衡熔点为476K，比文献值高。并利用Thomoson-Gibbs方程，得到了单斜相和六方相的温度对尺寸倒数的相图，确定了在一定尺寸下单斜相和六方相稳定存在的温度范围。(7)用电镜观察了在70 ℃热处理不同时间后所得形貌图，并讨论了样品在六方相中热处理时，样品聚集体的聚集方式。(8)研究了两种分子量样品溶液结晶时所得的球晶形貌，发现其结晶形貌与分子量有关，而且发现摄得的电子衍射是六方相电子衍射，而不是室温下稳定存在的单斜相电子衍射，认为是由于电子辐照使样品升温而发生了晶型转变。(9)用修饰后的Avrami方程，Ozawa，方程分别处理了TPBD非等温结晶数据，由Jeziorny修饰的Avrami方程分析显示TPBD的非等温结晶明显地分为一次结晶和二次结晶两个阶段，指数值n意味着一次结晶和二次结晶的成核种类，Ozawa方程分析不能很好地适用于TPBD的六方相非等温结晶数据，主要是由于Ozawa理论的不精确假定，如二次结晶，结晶温度对片层厚度相关性及整个结晶过程中恒定的冷却函数等。并由Kissinger方程得到六方相的结晶活化能为167.9kJ/mol。

巨磁电阻材料La_(2/3)Ca_(1/3)Mn(O_(1-x),F_x)_3的研究

主要采用了X射线衍射、Mossbauer谱、磁测量等方法系统研究了块体巨磁电阻材料La_(2/3)Ca_(1/3)Mn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3在不同铁含量(0≤x≤0.84)时结构、性能、磁性的变化，并给予合理的解释。在0e与近邻Mn或Fe具有强弱不同的反铁磁相互作用，影响了Mn~(4+)和Mn~(3+)之间的双交换作用，从而降低了居里温度(T_C)、磁化强度和巨磁电阻效应；并且整个晶体是由不同大小的磁性团簇(cluster)组成的。

均相钕系催化剂合成窄相对分子质量分布的高顺式-1，4-聚丁二烯

考察了由Nd（vers）3（简称Nd）、Al（i—Bu）2H（简称Al）和Al（i—Bu）2Cl（简称Cl）组成的均相催化剂体系在5L釜中于70℃聚合丁二烯的反应规律，并在2m^3装置上进行了放大试验。结果表明，该均相钕系催化剂具有高的稳定性；Al／Nd（摩尔比）是影响相对分子质量分布的重要因素，当Al／Nd低于20时，产物的相对分子质量分布在3．00以下；改变Nd／Bd（摩尔比）或使用不同组成的Al，可改变聚合产物的门尼黏度，但对相对分子质量分布无明显影响。在2m^3装置上，采用均相钕系催化剂可以得到收率大于90％、相对分子质量分布小于3.00和顺式-1，4-结构摩尔分数大于97．0％的聚丁二烯

Highly cis-1,4 selective polymerization of dienes with homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts based on NCN-pincer rare earth metal dichioride precursors

The first aryldiimine NCN-pincer ligated rare earth metal dichlorides (2,6-(2,6-C6H3R2N=CH)(2)C6H3)LnCl(2)(THF)(2) (Ln = Y, R = Me (1), Et (2), Pr (3); R = Et, Ln = La (4), Nd (5), Gd (6), Sm (7), Eu (8), Tb (9), Dy (10), Ho (11), Yb (12), Lu (13)) were successfully synthesized via transmetalation between 2,6-(2,6-C2H3-R2N=CH)(2)-C6H3Li and LnCl(3)(THF)(1 similar to 3.5). These complexes are isostructural monomers with two coordinating THF molecules, where the pincer ligand coordinates to the central metal ion in a kappa C:kappa N: kappa N' tridentate mode, adopting a meridional geometry.

Preparation, structure and oxide ion conductivity in Ce6-xYxMoO15-delta (x=0.1-1.4) solid solutions

The Ce6-xYxMoO15-delta solid solution with fluorite-related structure have been characterized by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, Raman, scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The electric conductivity of samples is investigated by Ac impedance spectroscopy. An essentially pure oxide-ion conductivity of the oxygen-deficiency was observed in pure argon, oxygen and air. The highest oxygen-ion conductivity was found in Ce5.5Y0.5MoO15-delta ranging from 5.9 X 10(-5)(S cm(-1)) at 300 degrees C to 1.3 X 10(-2)(S cm(-1)) at 650 degrees C, respectively. The oxide-ion conductivities remained stable over 80 h-long test at 800 degrees C. These properties suggested that significant oxide-ionic conductivity exists in these materials at moderately elevated temperatures.

Effect of La/Ce ratio on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x=0. 1-0.5) hydrogen storage alloys

The effect of La/Ce ratio on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) alloys has been studied systematically. The result of the Rietveld analyses shows that, except for small amount of impurity phases including LaNi and LaNi2, all these alloys mainly consist of two phases: the La(La, Mg)(2)Ni-9 phase with the rhombohedral PuNi3-type structure and the LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCU5-type structure. The abundance of the La(La, Mg)(2)Ni-9 phase decreases with increasing cerium content whereas the LaNi5 phase increases with increasing Ce content, moreover, both the a and cell volumes of the two phases decrease with the increase of Ce content. The maximum discharge capacity decreases from 367.5 mAh g(-1) (x = 0.1) to 68.3 mAh g(-1) (x = 0.5) but the cycling life gradually improve. As the discharge current density is 1200 mA g(-1), the HRD increases from 55.4% (x = 0.1) to 67.5% (x = 0.3) and then decreases to 52.1% (x = 0.5). The cell volume reduction with increasing x is detrimental to hydrogen diffusion D and accordingly decreases the low temperature dischargeability of the La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x = 0.1-0.5) alloy electrodes.

Synthesis and properties of soluble polyimides based on isomeric ditrifluoromethyl substituted 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene

A new fluorinated diamine monomer, [1,4-bis(4-amino-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene (2)], and a known isomeric analog 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene (3) were synthesized. A series of organosoluble polyimides Ia-d and IIa were prepared from the diamines (2, 3) and dianhydrides (a-d) by a high-temperature one-step method. The effects of the trifluoromethyl substituents on the properties of polyimides were evaluated through the study of their soluble, thermal, optical, and gas permeability properties. Polyimides (Ia-d) had glass transition temperatures between 229 and 279 degrees C, and the temperatures at 5% weight loss ranged from 510 to 533 degrees C under nitrogen. These polyimides could be cast into flexible and tough membranes from DMAc solutions. The membranes had tensile strengths in the range of 137-169 MPa, tensile modulus in the range of 1.6-2.2 GPa and elongations at break from 11% to 14%. The polyimide la with trifluoromethyl groups ortho to the imide nitrogen exhibited enhanced gas permeability, solubility, transparency, and thermal stability compared with the isomeric polyimide IIa with the CF3 group meta to the imide nitrogen.

Syntheses and properties of novel polyimides derived from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminopyrimidine

2-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-aminopyrimidine (4) is synthesized via a condensation reaction of vinamidium salts and amidine chloride salts, followed by hydrazine palladium catalyzed reduction. A series of novel homo- and copolyimides containing pyrimidine unit are prepared from the diamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tertracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) via a conventional two-step thermal imidization method. The poly(amic acid) precursors had inherent viscosities of 0.97-4.38 dL/g (c = 0.5 g/dL, in DMAc, 30 degrees C) and all of them could be cast and thermally converted into flexible and tough polyimide films. All of the polyimides showed excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. The glass transition temperatures of the resulting polyimides are in the range of 307-434 degrees C and the 10% weight loss temperature is in the range of 556-609 degrees C under air. The polyimide films possess strength at break in the range of 185-271 MPa, elongations at break in the range of 6.8-51%, and tensile modulus in the range of 3.5-6.46 GPa. The polymer films are insoluble in common organic solvents, exhibiting high chemical resistance.