Comparative study on CO2 emissions from different types of alpine meadows during grass exuberance period

Potentilla fruticosa scrub, Kobresia humilis meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO2 emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO2emission rates from various treatments were 672.09+152.37 mgm-2h-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41+191.99 mgrn-2h-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36+174.83 mgrn-2h-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95+237.02 mgm-2h-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48+205.67 mgm-2h-1for GC (grass treatment); 268.97 ±99.72 mgm-2h-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm-2h-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore, Kobresia humilis meadow, Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO2 emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG＞FC＞LC＞GC. Moreover, in Kobresia humilis meadow,heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, in Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from G-G; 49% and 51%from GC. In addition, root respiration from Kobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO2m-2h-1,contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period, Kobresia humilis meadow and Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 grn-2 and 243.89 grn-2,respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO2 emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and CO2 emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture may be the inhibitory factor of CO2 emission from Kobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research.

青海湖鸬鹚繁殖成功率初报

2000年3～8月对青海湖西山鸬鹚岛鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax carbo）不同繁殖阶段的成功率做了初步观察。鸬鹚卵的窝卵数为3.47枚，孵化率为37.9%，雏鸟成活率为 61.1%，繁殖成功率为23.2%。孵化期的前3d，鸬鹚巢的损失率高达36.1%；育雏期前10d雏鸟损失率为25%。这些数据可看作鸬鹚种群-青海湖湿地生态系统的一个重要组分——动态监测的起始数据之一，可在未来进一步的比较分析中得到应用。

西倾山地区植物区系研究

西倾山地区位于青海省东南部 ,北纬 33°80′～ 35°50′ ,东经 10 0°10′～ 10 2°4 0′。本地区共有种子植物 56科、 257属、 711种。区系特征如下 :(1)温带成分占 96 88% ,以绝对优势确定了本区系明显的温带性质。 (2 )世界成分多为衍生 ,更兼所含的中国特有属亦多为衍生 ,表明本区系的年轻性和衍生的性质。 (3)主要植被均属典型的高寒类型 ,它们的建群种亦多为典型的高寒植被的特征种。所以 ,本区系高寒植被典型 ,特征种典型 ,高寒区系特色明显。(4 )生态环境对本区系特征的塑造表现为高寒生态因子的选择和高山特化的作用强烈 ,而在一定程度上湿冷生性质和寒旱生性质的高山特化作用更为明显。西倾山地区的植物区系是唐古特地区的代表区系之一。但在中国特有种的分析中，本区系却与横断山和甘肃南部区系的联系最为密切，三者间的共有种最为丰富，有363种，占本区中国特有种的66.73%。如此大的相似性，无疑且有力地支持了李锡文等（1993）关于横断山地区的“川西北、甘西南、青东南小区”划分的观点。

高原鼢鼠脂肪中脂肪油化学成分的研究

高原鼢鼠是青藏高原上危害草场和农田最严重的一种害鼠, 也是青藏高原特有的动物。高原鼢鼠的全骨风干品——“塞隆骨”(藏药名) 是建国以来国家正式批准生产的第一个国家级一类动物新中药材。高原鼢鼠骨性味咸、微温、中医归肝肾两经; 有祛风散寒除湿、通经止痛、补益肝肾之功能;主治风寒湿痹引起的肢体关节疼痛、肿胀、肢体麻木、腰膝酸软。高原鼢鼠骨有与虎骨相似的性味及功能, 但其脂肪中脂肪油的化学成分尚未见报道。采用气相色谱- 质谱- 计算机(GC - MS - MSD)和气相色谱- 红外- 计算机(GC - IR - MSD) 联用技术对高原鼢鼠脂肪中脂肪油化学成分进行了分析,从40个谱峰中鉴定出27个化学成分, 占总色谱峰面积的72.56%。

血浆和组织中皮质酮的荧光测定法

皮质酮是肾上腺皮质激素之一。本文试验研究了用荧光分光光度法测定小哺乳动物血浆和组织中皮质酮含量的方法。方法的线性范围为0.01～ 0.24μg/m L ( λex = 470nm、λem = 525nm ) ,标准回收率平均为96.0% , 相对标准偏差(n = 10) 为4.2%。本法具有快速、简便、准确和灵敏等特点, 能同时运用于血浆或肾上腺组织中皮质酮的测定。

Grazing intensity alters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau

Grazing intensity may alter the soil respiration rate in grassland ecosystems. The objectives of our study were to (1) determine the influence of grazing intensity on temporal variations in soil respiration of an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau; and (2) characterise, the temperature response of soil respiration under different grazing intensities. Diurnal and seasonal soil respiration rates were measured for two alpine meadow sites with different grazing intensities. The light grazing (LG) meadow site had a grazing intensity of 2.55 sheep ha(-1), while the grazing intensity of the heavy grazing (HG) meadow site, 5.35 sheep ha(-1), was approximately twice that of the LG site. Soil respiration measurements - showed that CO2 efflux was almost twice as great at the LG site as at the HG site during the growing season, but the diurnal and seasonal patterns of soil respiration rate were similar for the two sites. Both exhibited the highest annual soil respiration rate in mid-August and the lowest in January. Soil respiration rate was highly dependent on soil temperature. The Q(10) value for annual soil respiration was lower for the HG site (2.75) than for the LG site (3.22). Estimates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange from monthly measurements of biomass and soil respiration revealed that during the period from May 1998 to April 1999, the LG site released 2040 g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) to the atmosphere, which was about one third more than the 1530g CO2 m(-2) y(-1) released at the HG site. The results suggest that (1) grazing intensity alters not only soil respiration rate, but also the temperature dependence of soil CO2 efflux; and (2) soil temperature is the major environmental factor controlling the temporal variation of soil respiration rate in the alpine meadow ecosystem. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.

东天山红山高硫型浅成低温铜-金矿床氧化带的形成机理和硫酸盐矿物的系列发现及意义

Located in the Paleozoic uplift along the southern margin of Tu-Ha basin in eastern Xinjiang, the newly discovered Hongshan Cu-Au deposit occurs in the superimposed Mesozoic volcanic basin upon the north section of later Paleozoic Dananhu-Tousuquan accretionary arc. Kalatage Cu-Au orebelt is controlled by NWW-trend faults, and includes Hongshan and Meiling Cu-Au deposits. The host rocks of Hongshan ore district are mainly rhyolitic-dacitic ignimbrites, whereas Cu-Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and granitic porphyry. Mineralization styles are dominantly veinlet-disseminated and veinlet, occasionally stockwork. The mineral association is chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite and sphalerite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicfication, sericitization, alunitization, pyrophylitization, illitization, hydromuscovitization, and chloritization. Hongshan Cu-Au deposit, on the edge of the desert, is one of the driest areas in eastrn Tianshan. Moreover， the highest temperature has been up to 60℃, and the average rainfall receives only 34.1mm/y. The light rainfall and rapid evaporation in the vicinity of this deposit have allowed the formation of a great variety of water-soluble sulfates. Oxidization zone of this deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies appearing with a depth of 50-60m, which is dominant in sulfate minerals. 1. Based on the field observation, the volcanic and sub-volcanic rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, ore structure and mineralization characteristics, this paper proposed that the Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to a transitional type from high-sulfide epithermal to porphyry Cu-Au deposit, which corresponds with the typical HS-epithermal deposit such as Zijinshan Au-Cu deposit in Fujian Province, SE-China. 2. The Hongshan copper-gold deposit was controlled by the tectonic, stratum, magma activity and volcanic apparatus, whereas Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and fine grained pyritization in hydrothermal activity, and Cu mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry and hydrothermal explosive breccia. 3. Oxidation zone of Hongshan Cu-Au deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies deposit. 23 sulfate minerals were identified in this work. The results of samples XRD and chemical analysis were furthermore confirmed through thermal, infrared spectrum and mössbauer spectrum analysis. Among those, nine minerals as Ferricopiapite, Cuprocopiapite, Rhomboclase, Parabutlerite, Krausite, Yavapaiite, Metasideronatrite Kroehnkite and Paracoquimbite were founded in China for the first time. And Paracoquimbite was secondly reported in the world (first case reported at 1938 in Chile). 4. EPMA analysis shows that Al impurity in crystal lattice is important to polytype formation of paracoquimbite and coquimbite besides stack fault. 5. Compared with Meiling Cu-Au deposit in the same Kalatage ore belt from the characteristics of δ34S of barite, lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration and homogeneous temperature, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to the same metallogenic system of HS-epithermal type as Meiling Cu-Au deposit. But Hongshan Cu-Au deposit has less extensive alteration and shallower denudation. 6. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of pyrites vary in the range of +1.86‰~+5.69‰, with an average of 3.70‰, mostly in the range of +1.86‰~+3.20‰, and δ34Scp<δ34Spy. Therefore ore-forming fluid of porphyry comes from mantle and was contaminated by the earth’s crust. Sulfur isotope has reached balance in ore-forming process. 7. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of sulfates vary in the range of +2.15‰~+6.73‰, with an average of +3.74‰, mostly equals as δ34S values of primary sulfides in Hongshan Cu-Au deposit. So supergene sulfates inherit sulfur of primary sulfide. δ34S values are mostly same in different sulfates. As well as pyrite and chalcopyrite, volcanic hot spring and associated native sulfur underground also provide water medium and sulfur during the formation process of sulfate. 8. According to the EPMA of sample chalcopyrite and pyrite in Hongshan Cu-Au, the value of Cu/Ni is 0.98-34.72, mostly close to the value of 5, which shows that Hongshan deposit is a typical volcanogenic magmaic hypothermal deposit. Au and Ag, Zn, Te and Bi are positive correlation, Cu and Hg, Se, Sb are positive correlation, indicates Au and Cu don’t locate in the factor of mineralization of same mineralization groups. The reasons of gold concentration in the oxidation zone are: 1). Change of redox potential (Eh) makes gold to deposit from the liquid of mineralization zone; 2). PH is one of the most factors of gold’s deposition; 3). Soluble complex and colloid of gold can be adsorbed easily. 9. The biotite and hornblende K-Ar isotopic ages from the wall rock－quartz diorite, biotite granite and monzonite granite are 231.99±3.45Ma, 237.97±2.36Ma and 296.53±6.69Ma respectively. The ore-bearing rhyolitic breccia lava contains breccia of the biotite granite which indicates the volcanism and related Cu-Au mineralization occurred later than the granite, possibly in Mesozoic. K-Ar ages of granitoids in Sanya, Baishiquan and Hongliugou area and Molybdenite Re-Os age of Baishan Mo deposit all are in Triassic. Besides late Paleozoic magmatism, igneous magmatic event of Mesozoic was widespread in eastern Tianshan. 10. The K-Ar age dating indicates that the K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 1m is 56.02±3.98Ma, K-Ar age of Ferricopiapite occurred below surface 1.5m is 8.62±1.12Ma, K-Ar age of Yavapaiite occurred below surface 14 m is 4.07±0.39Ma, and K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 10 m is 14.73±1.73Ma. So the age interval of oxidation zone of Hongshan copper-golden bed is between 60 -3.38Ma. Oxidization occurred at Caenozoic era (from 65Ma), which can be identified through comparing with different deposits oxidation zone in other countries. The coupling between global tectonic event and climatic change event which occur from Caenozoic era has some effect on epigeosphere system, which can act on the surface of bed oxidation zone similarly. It induces that the age mentioned above coincide with collision of India-Asia and multistage uplifting of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau happened subsequently. Bed oxidation zone is the effect and record of collision and uplifting of Tibet Plateau. The strong chemical weathering of surface accumulation to which was leaded by PETM event occurred Paleocene and Eocene is the reason of Voltaite sharply rises. On the contrary, Ferricopiapite formed due to the global cold weather. The predecessor did much research through biota, isotopes, susceptibility, but this paper try to use different sulfate mineral instead of climatic change. So the research of sulfate minerals not only indicates a great deal of oxidized zone feature, but also the intergrowth of sulfate minerals may be used to trace paleoenviroment and paleoclimate of oxidation zone. 11. Analysis of the information of alteration and mineralization features of four bore cores, induced activity polarization well logging and Eh-4 geophysical section, deep mineralization anomaly objects of Hongshan ore districts shows low resistance, middle and high polarization, measurements of Eh-4 consecutive conductance section show the existing of concealed porphyry ore body deeper than 450m, on the top of and around rock body there are low resistance body ranged from 100-300Ω•m, this area may be the ore-bearing part. In a word, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit deposit is a combine of upper HS-style epithermal Au deposit and deeper porphyry mineralization system. It has great potential to find large HS-style epithermal-porphyry Au-Cu deposits. This paper consists of seven chapters and twenty seven sections. The geological character of deposit is basic condition in this work. Constitute of oxidation zone, research of sulfate mineral, relation between oxidation and primary zone, K-Ar ages of potassic sulfate are key parts of thesis. Genesis of ore deposit is the further expansion of this research. Analysis of ore-controlling factors is the penetration above basic. Analysis of potential is application of exploration.

岩石学混合计算在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用——以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例

公式C^1L=C^1O,LF^(D-1)岩浆结晶分异过程中的微量元素地球化学模型，但如何确定式中残余熔体的重量百分比(F)和熔体中分离出来的矿物相的总分配系数(D^1)一直是个难题。本文介绍了一种直接计算出残余熔体比例(F)和岩浆结晶矿物比例(以此计算出D^1)的方法——岩石学混合计算法的基本原理，以云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩为例，介绍了该方法在岩浆结晶分异作用研究中的应用。

云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学

方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物，原生矿石中三种产状（即团块状状、团斑状和脉状）方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异，但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征，地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用；成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低；成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。

湖南芙蓉锡矿床^40Ar/^39Ar同位素年龄及地质意义

文章以金云母、角闪石和白云母为测试对象，利用^40Ar／^39Ar同位素定年的方法，精确厘定了芙蓉超大型锡矿床的形成时间。研究结果表明，白腊水矿区3个金云母样品的^40Ar／^39Ar坪年龄分别为（150．6±1．0）Ma、（157．3±1．0）Ma和（154．7±1．1）Ma；热液成因角闪石的坪年龄为（156．9±1．1）Ma。淘锡窝矿区云英岩中2个白云母样品的^40Ar／^30Ar坪年龄为（159．9±0．5）Ma和（154．8±0．6）Ma;因此芙蓉矿床的形成时间为151～160Ma，这与骑田岭主体花岗岩的侵入时间（151～162Ma）相吻合。湘南地区的柿竹园超大型W-Sn-Mo-Bi-F矿床、新田岭大型W矿床、瑶岗仙W矿床和黄沙坪Pb-Zn多金属矿床的形成时间亦集中在150～160Ma之间，因此，湘南有色金属矿化集中区可能主要集中在150～160Ma发生成矿，这种大规模成矿作用可能与中生代华南岩石圈的拉张、伸展作用密切相关.

月表热参数模型与月壤厚度的被动微波遥感理论分析

利用被动微波遥感亮度温度数据反演月壤厚度是“嫦娥”探月工程的科学目标之一，也是人类探测月壤厚度的一种新的尝试。深入研究月表太阳辐射、月球内部热流以及月表温度的分布和变化规律，是解译遥感数据，反演月壤厚度的前提条件，也为进一步开展月球探测、开发利用月球资源乃至建立月球基地相关研究工作提供必要的参考。 本文根据月表有效太阳辐照度与太阳常数、日月距离和太阳辐射入射角的关系，建立了月表有效太阳辐照度的实时模型如下： (1) 其中， (2) (3) 通过对月表有效太阳辐照度实时模型的各个参数分析发现，影响月表有效太阳辐照度变化的主要因素是日地距离和太阳辐射入射角的变化。对模型的误差分析表明，从1950年到2050年的100年内，月表有效太阳辐照度计算结果的误差百分比小于0.28％，能更准确地反映月表有效太阳辐照度的变化情况。从2007年月表有效太阳辐照度的计算结果发现，该年内的月表有效太阳辐照度变化在1321.5～1416.6 W•m-2之间，平均为1368.0 W•m-2，一个月内的变化最小幅度为6.0 W•m-2，最大幅度为23.6 W•m-2。 在月表有效太阳辐照度的实时模型基础上，根据能量守恒和Stefan-Boltzmann定律，本文还得出了月表温度分布模型如下： (4) 其中，初始条件由下式决定， (5) 通过与月表温度实际观测结果的比较发现，当月表反射率、热发射率和热惯量分别取0.127、0.94和125 J•m-2•s-1/2•K-1时，模型的计算结果与实际观测值比较符合，能较好地预测理想条件下的月表温度。 月表热参数研究的一个重要应用就是解译对月被动微波遥感的亮度温度数据。在对月被动微波遥感探测中，辐射计获得的亮度温度反映了月球表层的热辐射特性。月球表层的热辐射与其自身的热状况紧密相关，结合文中建立的月表热参数模型，根据辐射传播理论进一步分析了对月微波遥感探测中，月球表层在不同情况下对亮度温度的贡献，确定了亮度温度随月表温度和月壤厚度的变化关系，对被动微波遥感探测月壤厚度的可能性和可能达到的精度进行了估算。 对月球表层的热辐射传播的分析发现，对月被动微波遥感探测获得的亮度温度受月球表层热辐射的控制，与月壤厚度具有指数相关性，并受到月表温度的影响。当月壤和月岩的复介电常数分别为2 + 0.005 j和9 + 1 j、相对磁导率均为1时，对应3.0GHz、7.8GHz、19.35GHz和37.0GHz四个频率的亮度温度与月壤厚度及月表温度的关系可分别近似表示为， 3.0GHz亮度温度： (6) 7.8GHz亮度温度： (7) 19.35GHz亮度温度： (8) 37.0GHz亮度温度： (9) 当月壤厚度和月表温度分别在0.5m~30m和100K~400K之间变化时，上述四个频率的亮度温度变化范围分别在212.5K～252.8K、207.4 K～266.7K、193.8 K～288.6K和174.0 K～310.9K之间。对于较低频率的被动微波遥感，亮度温度随月壤厚度的增大逐渐增大并趋于稳定；对较高频率的被动微波遥感，亮度温度随月壤厚度的增大会产生起伏波动，不利于用单波段反演月壤厚度。亮度温度梯度在频率较高时梯度较大，在很小的月壤厚度范围内很快就趋于0，不利于厚度较大时的月壤厚度反演，但对于厚度较小时的月壤厚度反演精度较高；同时，除3.0GHz外，7.8GHz、19.35GHz和37.0GHz三个频率的亮度温度梯度随月表温度的升高降幅较大，尤其是19.35GHz，适合在夜间对月壤厚度较小的地区进行更精确的探测。对于3.0GHz，其亮度温度梯度受月表温度变化的影响很小，能反映出较深层月壤厚度的信息，可以对月球进行全球全天时探测。若辐射计的分辨率为0.02K，3.0GHz频率对10m厚月壤的判别精度达到0.07m；对于20m厚月壤的精度为1.4m。当月壤厚度小于0.5m时，随着月壤厚度从0到0.5m增加，月球表层的亮度温度贡献呈先减小后增大的趋势，从而使某一亮度温度值可能对应存在两种不同的月壤厚度。因此，对于月壤厚度小于0.5m的区域，利用单波段被动微波遥感亮度温度反演月壤厚度是比较困难的。 在对月被动微波遥感探测中，可以利用月球夜晚时段的亮度温度数据判别月壤厚度是否小于0.5m。当月表温度为100K时，3.0GHz、7.8GHz、19.35GHz和37.0GHz四个频率的亮度温度判别参考值分别为212.9K、207.4K、193.5K和174.1K；月表温度为240K时，上述四个频率的亮度温度判别参考值分别为220.8K、226.8K、234.1K和237.2K。当亮度温度小于参考值时表示月壤厚度小于0.5m，反之，表示月壤厚度大于0.5m。更进一步地，可以根据月表温度的影响系数对月岩是否裸露于月表进行判断。当3.0GHz、7.8GHz、19.35GHz和37.0GHz四个频率的月表温度影响系数接近0.77、0.82、0.84和0.85时，可以认为月岩直接暴露于月表。

高压差热分析方法（HP-DTA）研究钙蒙脱石-氯化钙-水体系中的脱水作用

在开放（P_水237 * (1000/T) (0.5M) 0.9%: 1np=14.634-6.781* (1000/T) (1M) 1.8%: 1np = 15.347-7.130 * (1000/T) (2.82M) 5%: 1np = 14.717 - 6.381 * (1000/T) (5.63M) 10%: 1np = 14.270-5.806 * (1000/T) (11.26M) 20%: 1np = 14.580 - 5.831 * (1000/T) (16.9M) 30%: 1np = 14.412 - 5.519 * (1000/T)根据这些等式求出了在不同压力、温度下各种浓度的CaCl_2-H_2O流体的水逸度系数（￡）。由于至目前为止在文献中还没有这方面的实验研究报道，因而无法评价这一新方法所获得的数据的准确性。利用求得的￡值，在本篇论文中建立起了不同浓度的CaCl_2-H_2O流体影响钙蒙脱石脱水温度的热力学模式：TD' = [T_1*T_D*(ΔH_(tw) + ΔH_(sv)~盐）/[T_1*(ΔG + ΔH_(dn)~水）-T_D~* (ΔH_(av)~水-ΔH_(sv)~盐）在0-1M浓度范围内，可以认为ΔH_(dh)~水≈H_(dh)~盐，等式变为：TD' = (TD*ΔH_(dh))/(ΔG + ΔH_(dh)）根据这个模式，能推导出在实验浓度范围内，钙蒙脱石在盐水体系中的脱水温度。通过本次论文的实验研究知道在一般沉积盆地的埋芷条件下，钙蒙脱石矿物不会发生简单的脱水作用。在缺乏K~+和低盐度的环境中，含水相蒙脱石可稳定地存在在一定深度的地壳中因而不可忽略蒙脱石在海洋化学和俯冲带水来源中的作用。在选择处理簇射性废料的回填料（backfill）时，如其它条件相同，则应优先选择钙蒙脱石，而不是蛭石。在石油采矿和勘探工程中，因压力释放所造成的蒙脱石的脱水作用可能是使钻井变大和塌方的可能性原因之一。

Epoxidation of propylene on NaCl-modified silver catalysts with air as the oxidant

Propylene epoxidation by air was carried out on NaCl-modified silver (NaCl/Ag) catalysts, and the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of NaCl loadings, propylene to oxygen ratio, and the reaction time on the catalytic performance were investigated. It was found that the addition of NaCl to silver significantly increases the propylene oxide (PO) selectivity. The PO yield has a maximum when the NaCl loading is about 10 wt.%. Also 12.4% conversion of propylene and 31.6% selectivity to PO are obtained on the NaCl/Ag (10 wt.%) catalyst at 350 degreesC, space velocity 1.8 x 10(4) h(-1) and C3H6:O-2 = 1:2. XPS and XRD characterizations show that AgCl formed on the silver catalyst was favorable to propylene epoxidation. A compound with highly oxidized Ag ion was also found, which may be effective for the reaction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.