成矿流体构造动力学研究—以冀西北后沟金矿和山东七宝山金矿为例

Tectonic dynamics of metallogenetic fluids is a new crossed subjects among fluid geology, mineral deposit geology and structural geology, and is one of the major current projects of geosciences. It is mainly focused on structures and tectonic dynamic induced by fluid motion, variation of physical condition of fluids (such as temperature and pressure), and interaction between chemical component of fluids and wall rocks in the crust. It takes features of deformation and metamorphysim, which formed during interaction between fluids and rocks and have been perserved in rocks, as basic research objects. After studying types, orders, distributions and fabrics of these features, and analyzing and testing physical and chemical information from these features by some techniques, it is intended to reconstruct moving process of fluids, dynamics of interaction between fluids and rocks, and dynamics of mineralizations. Three problems of tectonic dynamics of metallogenetic fluids, which have not been paid much attentions before, have been studied and discussed in this report. Three relative topics are including: 1)Double-fracturing induced by thermal stress and pressure of fluids and mineralization of Gold-copper in Breccia Pipe at the Qibaoshan in Shandong Province; 2)Parting structures induced by K-metasomatism in the Hougou area, northwestern Heibei province; 3)Migration mechanism of dissolved mass in Fe&S-rich fluids in Hougou gold deposit in Heibei province. After a synthetical study of two years, the author has made some new processes and progresses. The main new advances can be summaried as the following: 1)Thermal stress of fluids formed by temperature difference between fluids and country rock, during upword migration process of fluids with high temperature and pressure, can make rock to break, and some new fractures, which surfaces were uasally dry, formed. The breccia pipe at the Qibaoshan area in Shandong province has some distinct texture of fluidogenous tectonics, the breccia pipe is caused by double-fracturing induced by thermal stress and pressure, distribution of gold-corpper ore bodies are controlled powerfully by fluidogenous tectonics in the breccia pipe. 2)The author discovered a new kind of parting structures in K-alterated rocks in the northwestern part of Hebei province. The parting structures have some distinct geometry and fabrics, it is originated from the acting and reacting fores caused by K-metasomatism. Namely, the crystallizations of metasomatic K-feldspars are a volume expansion process, it would compress the relict fluid bodies, and the pressures in the relict fluid bodies gathered and increased, when the increased pressure of the fluid relict bodies is bigger than the strength of K-feldspars, the K-feldspars were broken with the strong compression, and the parting structures formed. 3)Space position replacing is a important transport pattern of dissolved mass in Fe&S-rich fluid. In addition, basing on views of tectonic dynamics of metallogenic fluids, and time-space texture of fluid-tectonic-lithogenetic-mineralization of the known gold-corpper mineral deposit and the subvolcanic complex at Qibaoshan area in Shandong province, this report does a detail prodict of position-shape-size of two concealed ore-bearing breccia pipe.

青藏高原东缘新生代富钾碱性岩的年龄与岩石地球化学特征

The Cenozoic high-Potassium alkaline magma rocks are widely distributed in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau, such as Mangkang, Deqin, Jianchuan, Haidong in the western Yunnan Province, Yanyuan, Muli in the western Sichuan province, including syenite, minette and trachyte and lamprophyres, which formaed a large alkaline-rich magmatic rock zone along the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fault. Here we present detailed Geochemical and Geochronology study for the Cenozoic high-K alkline magma rocks from Mangkang, Deqin, Jianchuan, Haidong and Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian, Yaoan (western Yangtze craton). Rocks of our target area include syenite, minette and trachyte. Geochronologic dating and compilation of existing age data suggest magmatism occurred at 32-38Ma and distribute along the Jinsha suture, from Jinping, Daping, Zhenyuan to Haidong, Jianchuan, Deqin, Mangkang, Zaduo to Qiangtang Bandaohu, Zhentouya. They all share same geochemical features such as rich in potassium and alkaline, rich in LREE, slightly negative Eu anomalies, negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, Ti,. These indicate they come from EMU mantle. Geochronologic dating on western Yangtze craton minette surgest minette in Haidong, Yanyuan, Yanbian, Yaoan, Deqin ocurred at 30-37Ma, well minette in Muli ocurred at IMa. Need more detailed geology study to find differece of these two episode magmatism.

中国特有针叶树种对气候变化的敏感性研究

About 214 trees in 9 sampling sites, representing 5 endemic conifer species, were collected from the western Sichuan Province and eastern Qinghai Province, China. In this study, structure we try to investigate tree-ring sensitivity to climate in order to obtain primary information of reconstructing past climate from the trees in this region. All the 5 species present distinct ring boundaries ^ few ABS(absent rings) and available for cross-dating,which are all past the test by program COFECHA. Statistics for all the 8 tree-ring width residual chronologies present significant inter-correlation between series and high values of mean sensitivity. As well as the maximum latewood density of Picea crassifolia Kom and Pinus densata Mast. These results indicate usefulness of these chronologies for dendrochronological studies. Pearson correlation analyses were applied to provide a basic estimate of the causal relationships between tree-ring width and climate factors. We found some significant relationships between tree-ring width> maximum density and temperature as well as precipitation. Especially, there is high correlation between the maximum density of the Picea crassifolia Kom and the index of moisture, the ratio of precipitation and temperature, which can indicate well the climate; however the higher correlation can be see between the maximum density of Pinus densata Mast and the total temperature from June to September. Regardless of tree species, chronologies in our study region presented accordant variations of which may reveal strong common climate signal. Thus these chronologies are shown to be dependable for building tree-ring network in the nearly future. However, there are limitations in this study, only monthly mean of temperature and precipitation were available. Also, for this typical subtropical mountain system, meteorological stations are usually located in valley and biased to represent moisture conditions on the slopes. Thus the estimation of precipitation both in temporal and spatial domain was rather restricted. Further study, such as wood anatomy, physiology and densitometry, are needed for better understanding the environmental and climatic history in this area.

四川省拉拉铜矿床岩石学及地球化学研究

拉拉铜矿床位于扬子地块西缘的康滇隆起中段，赋存于经历变质的古元古代河口群海相火山-沉积岩系中，是我国重要的受变质热液叠加或改造的火山成因块状硫化物矿床（VHMS）之一，也是四川省最大的铜矿生产基地。本论文以该矿床为研究对象，在系统整理前人资料的基础上，进行了深入细致的野外地质考察和系统采样，选取代表性样品，运用电子探针分析技术、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学（Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd、S）、锆石U-Pb定年等方法手段，对矿区新元古代大规模区域变质作用的变质条件、变质原岩、广泛分布于矿区多个赋矿层位的辉长辉绿岩脉、岩石及矿石性质、硫源、成矿时代等主要岩石学及矿床学问题进行了系统研究，并结合前人研究成果，探讨了矿床的成因机制。论文主要取得以下几点认识： （1）矿区变质火山岩的成岩年龄为1695±20Ma，岩浆在上升侵位的过程中捕获了古元古代早期地壳物质，后期变质改造的时代约为700-800Ma。 （2）基于石榴石黑云母片岩中石榴石黑云母矿物对的电子探针分析数据，利用石榴石-黑云母地质温度计和多硅白云母地质压力计确定了矿区新元古代大规模区域变质作用的变质条件：变质温度为530-580℃，变质压力上限为0.66-0.76GPa，对应于高绿片岩相。 （3）矿区出露的岩石类型以云母片岩类和钠长岩类岩石为主，二者共同构成了矿区的围岩及赋矿岩石，通过对代表性样品的元素地球化学、同位素地球化学研究，采用DF函数判别法、(Al/3-K)-(Al/3-Na)图解法、La/Yb-TR图解法，并结合岩矿鉴定及结构构造特征，恢复了矿区的变质原岩。其中，矿区的云母片岩类样品的变质原岩为沉积岩，以页岩为主，主要来自大陆岛弧及上地壳物质的风化；而钠长岩类样品的变质原岩为火山岩，源自富集地幔，包括“右倾型”钠长岩和“平坦型”钠长岩，前者为分离结晶作用早期并经历一定程度地壳混染的产物，后者主要形成于分离结晶作用晚期，Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等达到饱和并以副矿物晶出。 （4）综合矿区变质沉积岩及变质火山岩的构造环境判别结果，确定了二者形成于大陆岛弧的弧后盆地环境。 （5）通过对矿区变质火山岩性质、形成机制及硫同位素研究，讨论了矿床中成矿元素可能的富集机制，即地幔中大量的亲铜元素及硫元素进入母岩浆并随之上升形成区域分布的火山岩，为矿床的形成提供了必要条件。 （6）侵入河口群地层并广泛出露于矿区多个赋矿层位的辉长辉绿岩脉的化学成分与板内碱性玄武岩类似且形成于大陆裂谷环境下的类似OIB源区，是高温地幔柱部分熔融的产物，幔源岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到了地壳物质尤其是上地壳物质较小程度的混染，表明新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解对拉拉地区的成矿作用有重要影响。 （7）拉拉铜矿床主要存在两个成矿期次，即火山喷气-沉积成矿期（1700 Ma左右）和变质热液成矿期（700-800Ma）。矿区主要存在两种类型矿石，即条纹、条带状矿石和块状、浸染状矿石，前者主要赋存于变质火山岩中，可能形成于火山喷气-沉积成矿期，后者主要赋存于变质沉积岩中，可能为变质热液成矿期的产物。

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床碳酸岩-正长岩成因及成矿流体来源

四川耗牛坪稀土矿床是中国仅次于白云鄂博的第二大原生轻稀土矿床。矿区碳酸岩-正长岩与REE矿化时空上密切共生。本论文系统分析了矿区碳酸岩-正长岩的主要元素、微量元素、REE、PGE和C、O、Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成，探讨了碳酸岩-正长岩的地慢源区特征及两类岩石的成因联系；结合矿区主要脉石矿物萤石和其它岩浆岩的REE、Sl-Nd-Pb同位素、流体包裹体地球化学，探讨了REE成矿流体的来源，初步建立了REE成矿模式。取得的主要认识有：1，系统研究了耗牛坪REE矿床碳酸岩-正长岩的地球化学特征，揭示了两者的地慢源区特征和成因联系。受陆内俯冲作用的影响，具有EMZ指纹的地壳物质俯冲交代具EMI特征的岩石圈地慢，形成碳酸岩一正长岩的初始地慢，该地慢经低程度部份熔融作用形成富COZ硅酸岩熔体—碳酸岩-正长岩原始岩浆，该熔体在演化过程中发生液态不混溶作用形成碳酸岩和正长岩。2．通过对耗牛坪REE矿床碳酸岩PGE地球化学的研究，发现碳酸岩具有携带PGE的能力，其PGE配分模式与西藏大竹卡方辉橄榄岩相似。初步认为本区碳酸岩中的PGE可能主要来源于俯冲或地鳗交代的流体，除硫化物外，合金或挥发份都可能影响碳酸岩PGE的配分模式。3．萤石是耗牛坪REE矿床重要的脉石矿物之一，其形成贯穿了整个成矿过程。根据REE地球化学参数将萤石分为LREE富集型、LREE平坦埠和LREE亏损型。三种REE类型的萤石具有相似的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成，为同源不同阶段的产物，形成顺序为LREE富集型-LREE平坦型-LREE亏损型。4．萤石的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成与矿区碳酸岩-正长岩相近，明显不同于花岗岩；早期萤石的REE地球化学特征也与碳酸岩-正长岩相似，与花岗岩、流纹岩和玄武岩存在差别；在萤石中发现了流体-熔融包裹体。这些特征均表明牡牛坪REE矿床成矿流体主要来源于碳酸岩-正长岩熔体，矿床为地幔流体成矿的产物。

汶川地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍症状及其相关因素研究

The present paper studies focus on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents post-disaster. 482 students from 6 secondary schools and 17 primary schools in the extremely severe disaster areas in Mianzhu, Sichuan province and 785 students from 3 primary schools and 9 secondary schools in the severe disaster areas in Baoji, Shaanxi respectively were surveyed on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure after the Wenchuan earthquake. Self-compiled background information questionnaire and CRIES were used for the investigation. In this study, we contrast the extent of disaster exposure in the two areas in order to explore the related factors about the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent post-disaster. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. There are significant positive corrections between the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure(get trapped in the earthquake、relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake).The more exposed in the disaster, the more serious symptom of the post-traumatic stress disorder. The trauma exposure indicators (get trapped in the earthquake, relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake)were all significant predictors for PTSD severity. 2. There are significant sex difference in the extent（F=8.750, p <0.05） and the incidence rate of PTSD（χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）, the extent and the incidence rate of girls in Mianzhu is significantly higher than that of boys. 3. The age is also an influence factor of PTSD. The extent （F=7.246, p <0.001）and the incidence rate （χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）of PTSD get higher as adolescent in Mianzhu get older. 4. As the extremely severe disaster areas, the extent of disaster exposure of Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of the severe disaster areas Baoji. However, there are not difference in the extent of PTSD between two areas（t=0.181，df=1265,p=0.857）, there are only significant difference in the incidence rate of PTSD between two areas（χ =8.766，df=1,p=0.003）, the incidence rate of PTSD in Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of Baoji areas.