113 resultados para Nehemiah 8:5-6
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<正> 断指再植术后,往往因发生局部血液循环障碍而导致手术失败。我们自1987年8月开始应用日本医蛭治疗断指再植术后瘀血,效果良好,现报告如下。一般资料患者5例6指,机器轧断伤4例,绞断伤1例。完全性离断5指,不完全性离断1指。其中末节2指,中节1指,近节3指。受伤至再植的最短时间6小时,最长时间15.5小时。再植指均吻合一条指动脉,除一指吻合一条指静脉外(术后回流不畅
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毛细管电泳在生命科学,生物技术,医学药物和环境保护中显示了极其重要的应用前景,也被认为是人类进入纳米技术时代的一种富有重要潜在价值的手段。具有高效、快速,耗样量小等特点。而安培电化学恰恰适合毛细管电泳对检测器的要求。毛细管电泳-安培检测法在多方面发挥着不可忽视的作用。本文用此方法进行了一些分析。1. 毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测抗癌药物巯嘌呤 报道了一种高效快速检测抗癌药物巯嘌呤的方法-毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测。优化了检测条件,考察了巯嘌呤的电化学行为。在15kV电压下进样3s,在此电压下进行电泳分离,背景电解质为10mmol/L Na_2HPO_4,1.2V检测时,此药物的检测限为1 * 10~(-7)mol/L,线性范围为5 * 10~(-4)-5 * 10~(-6)mol/L,相关系数为0.995,重现性良好。并用该法检测了人体尿样及牛血清蛋白中的巯嘌呤,本工作具有一定的临床意义。2. 毛备管区带电泳柱端安培分离分析多种抗癌药物 通过毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测法对8-氮鸟嘌呤,5-氟尿嘧啶,6-巯嘌呤,氨甲喋呤和6-硫鸟嘌呤五种抗癌药物进行了灵敏,高效,迅速的分离检测。实验采用33μm的碳纤维盘电极,在20min内分离检测了此五种药物的混合物。在1.2V的检测电位下,五种药物的线性范围超过了三个数量级,相关系数是0.992,这五种药物的检测限依次为5,3,5,9和5 * 10~(-7)mol/L。3. 三种噻唑衍生物的毛细管电泳安培分析 在碳纤维电极上检测三种噻唑衍生物,2-氨基噻唑,2-氨基苯并噻唑和2-巯基苯并噻唑。对应检测限分别为2.0,0.013,0.025 * 10~(-6)mol/L。它们的线性范围较宽,相关系数均在0.9995以上。分别考察了缓冲液pH值及其浓度,分离电压对电泳分离效果的影响,还对实际样品进行了分析。此工作具有一定的实用意义。
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木材腐朽菌是生物多样性的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统中起着关键的降解还原作用;同时,木材腐朽菌还是重要的生物资源,与人类的生产与生活密切相关,具有重要的经济价值。因此,木腐菌一直是真菌研究的重点领域之一,然而过去对华东地区木腐菌的研究还非常薄弱,对华东地区木腐菌的种类和资源还缺乏清晰的认识。本文对华东地区不同森林生态类型中的木腐菌进行了广泛的调查采样,通过形态学、分子系统学和单孢融合交配实验,对华东地区的木腐菌多样性与资源进行了系统的研究,同时对具有重要经济意义和潜在应用价值的种类进行了菌种的分离保藏,并初步分析了华东地区木腐菌的区系特点。通过本论文的研究,提高了对华东地区木腐菌资源与多样性的认识,丰富了我国木材腐朽菌的种类,为控制林木病原菌、开发利用有益真菌资源提供了基本信息和科学依据。本论文的主要研究结论如下: 1.华东地区的木腐菌有3目13科92属270种,其中真菌新种6个,分别是:铁杉集毛孔菌Coltricia tsugicola Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui,香榧嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia torreyae Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui,拟囊状体大孔菌Megasporoporia cystidiolophora B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai,菌索多年卧孔菌Perenniporia rhizomorpha B.K. Cui, Y.C. Dai & Decock,微小硬孔菌Rigidoporus minutus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai,浅黄芮氏孔菌Wrightoporia luteola B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai;中国新记录种9个,分别是:紫多孢孔菌Abundisporus violaceus (Wakef.) Ryvarden,卡玛蜡孔菌Ceriporia camaresiana (Bourdot & Galzin) Bondartsev & Singer,撕裂蜡孔菌Ceriporia lacerata N. Maek., Suhara & R. Kondo,塔斯马尼亚集毛孔菌Coltriciella tasmanica (Cleland & Rodway) D.A. Reid,瑞克纤孔菌Inonotus rickii (Pat.) D.A. Reid,骨质多年卧孔菌Perenniporia minutissima (Yasuda) T. Hatt. & Ryvarden,灰硬孔菌Rigidoporus cinereus Núñez & Ryvarden,凹形栓孔菌Trametes ectypus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden,变形干酪菌Tyromyces transformatus Núñez & Ryvarden。 2.利用分子系统学方法,确定了一些通过形态学研究难以鉴定或容易混淆的种类的分类地位,并对嗜蓝孢孔菌属、彩孔菌属和多年卧孔菌属进行了系统发育分析,发现木腐菌新种3个:Fomitiporia sp.、Hapalopilus sp. 和Perenniporia sp.。 3.华东地区的异担子菌为岛生异担子菌,并且存在两个生物种:T生物种和Y生物种。T生物种为腐生菌,Y生物种为兼性腐生菌,华东地区不存在多年异担子菌这一严重的森林病原菌。 4.华东地区的木腐菌种类丰富,组成复杂多样。优势科为多孔菌科,其次为锈革孔菌科,这两科的种类构成了华东地区木腐菌类区系的主体;优势属主要有多年卧孔菌属、多孔菌属、针层孔菌属和泊氏孔菌属。 4.华东地区木腐菌科的地理成分分为3类:热带亚热带成分,北温带成分和世界广布成分,以世界广布成分为主。属的地理成分分为5类:世界广布属,北温带分布属,热带–亚热带分布属,东亚–北美分布属,大洋洲–北温带分布属,以世界广布属和北温带分布属为主。种的地理成分分为8类:世界广布种,北温带分布成分,泛热带分布成分,亚–欧共有成分,东亚–北美共有成分,东亚–澳大利亚共有成分,东亚成分,中国特有种,以北温带分布种和世界广布种为主。 5.华东地区木腐菌的各主要区系成分均有分布,以世界广布成分和北温带成分为主,表现出明显的北温带性质,可能起源于北半球,华东地区木腐菌类的区系地理成分与其所处的地理位置、气候特点与植物区系的组成密切相关。此外,华东地区的中国特有种类也较为丰富,说明了华东地区木腐菌类的区系具有一定的独特性,也在一定程度上反映了华东地区生态环境条件的特殊性,而木腐菌的生长与环境条件和寄主树木种类有很大的关系。 6.华东地区的木腐菌资源非常丰富,林木病原菌有36种,其中新发现的病原菌有3种;野生的食用木腐菌有11种,野生的药用木腐菌64种,工业用木腐菌有28种。对其中的一种重要经济真菌——黄白多年卧孔菌进行了分离培养,找出了最佳生长条件:最适生长温度为25℃左右,相对最适pH值为5.5,相对最好的碳源为可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖,相对最好的氮源为酵母汁。
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从土壤中分离纯化霉菌,用气相色谱法定性分析其油脂中脂肪酸成份,筛选出四株花生四烯酸产生菌,对其中的110菌株的脂肪酸进行了气相色谱-质谱联用分析,进一步证明了该菌产花生四烯酸的能力。在以8%葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中,28 ℃条件下往复摇床振荡培养8天后,花生四烯酸的产量可达5.6毫克/毫升培养(20%干菌体重),花生四烯酸约占可提取脂肪酸总量的50%,这在所见文献中,是摇瓶条件产生花生四烯酸能力最高的一株菌,有着良好的应用价值。
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本论文对滇金足草(Goldfussia yunnanensis)、凋缨菊(Camchaya loloana)和长喙吴萸(Evodia vestia)的化学成分进行了研究,通过色谱分离得到40个化合物。主要基于波谱数据鉴定了它们的结构,其中10个为新化合物。 1.从滇金足草地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了16个化合物:泽漆内酯A(1)、18-羟基泽漆内酯A(2)、18-氧代泽漆内酯A(3)、18-羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(4)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A(5)、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-泽漆内酯A(6)、6-E-肉桂酰哈巴俄苷(7)、E-哈巴俄苷(8)、5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、齐墩果酸(12)、肉桂酸(13)、麦角固醇(14)、硬脂酸(15)和丁二酸(16)。其中2-7为新化合物。5,6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷(9)以人工产物形式得到。 2.从凋缨菊地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:凋缨菊内酯A~C (17-19)、1β-乙酰基凋缨菊内酯C(20)、b-谷甾醇(10)、β-胡萝卜苷(11)、羽扇豆醇(21)、桦木醇(22)、桦木酸(23)、芥子醇(24)、紫丁香苷(25)、咖啡酸(26)和熊果酸(27)。其中化合物17-20为桉叶烷内酯类新化合物。化合物17、18、20对细胞株HepG2的GI50依次为7.80、7.08、4.99 µg/mL。 3.从长喙吴萸(E. vestia)地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:佛手内酯(28)、花椒毒素(29)、异茴芹内酯(30)、七叶内酯(31)、东莨宕素(32)、瑞香素(33)、异紫花前胡内酯(34)、茵芋碱(35)、山刈碱(36)、白鲜碱(37)、黄柏酮(38)、柠檬苦素(39)和对羟基苯甲醛(40)。 4.综述了1990—2007年期间从菊科植物中发现的桉叶烷-12,6内酯的化学结构、生物活性、生物转化及化学合成方面的研究进展。 Phytochemical investigation on Goldfussia yunnanensis, Camchaya loloana, and Evodia vestia, led to the isolation of 40 compounds, 10 of which were new ones. 1. Six new compounds were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. yunnanensis, and identified as 18-hydroxyhelioscopinolide A (2), 18-oxohelioscopinolide A (3), 18-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (5),3-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl helioscopinolide A (6), 6-O-trans-cinnamoyl E-harpagoside (7). The known compounds isolated were helioscopinolide A (1), E-harpagoside A (8), 5,6-isopropylidene E-harpagoside A (9), β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), oleanolic acid (12), cinnamic acid (13), ergosterol (14), stearic acid (15) and succinic acid (16). Compound 9 was an artifact. 2. Four new compounds, loloanolides A – C (17 - 19) and 1β-acetoxy-loloanolide C (20), were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. loloana. The known ones were β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), lupeol (21), betulin (22), betulinic acid (23), sinapyl (24), syringin (25), caffeic acid (26) and ursolic acid (27). The GI50 values of compounds 17, 18 and 20 to HepG2 cell line were 7.80, 7.08 and 4.99 µg/mL, respectively. 3. Thirteen were isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of E. vestia for the first time. They were determined to be bergapten (28), xanthotoxin (29), isopimpinellin (30), esculetin (31), scopoletin (32), daphnetin (33), marmesin (34), skimmianine (35), confusameline (36), dictamine (37), obacunone (38), limonin (39) and p-hydroxy phenyl aldehyde (40). 4. The structures, biological activities, biotransformation and chemical syntheses of eudesmane-12, 6-olides from the Asteraceae during 1990-2007 were reviewed.
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青稞,是我国藏区居民对裸大麦的称谓,它不仅是藏民的主要食粮、燃料和牲畜饲料,而且也是啤酒、医药和保健品生产的原料;青稞不仅为藏区人民的健康和经济发展做出了很大的贡献,而且对人类健康和社会经济的可持续发展都有重要的意义。青藏高原是我国及世界上青稞分布和种植面积最大的地区,资源极其丰富。虽然从经典遗传直到分子标记对我国大麦遗传多样性都有研究,但研究手段、数量仍然不够深入,对我国大麦资源遗传多样性研究的信息非常有限,不能很好地满足大麦遗传研究和育种应用的需要,尤其是对西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性的研究还只是刚刚开始,关于栽培青稞多态性的研究报道很少。本研究采用SSR标记和蛋白质电泳两类技术,从SSR标记位点、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白和淀粉粒结合蛋白(SGP)等四个方面对我国青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性进行了综合评价。 SSR标记具有基因组分布广泛、数量丰富、多态性高、容易检测、共显性、结果稳定可靠、实验重现性好、操作简单、经济、易于高通量分析等许多优点,被认为是用于遗传多样性、品种鉴定、物种的系统发育、亲缘关系及起源等研究的非常有效的分子标记。本研究采用SSR标记分析了64份青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性,同时评估SSR标记在我国大麦育种和品种鉴定中的应用潜力。选择了30个已知作图位点SSR标记,其中25个标记与重要性状的控制位点连锁紧密。选择的30个SSR标记,5个未得到很好的扩增产物,3个无多态性。22个多态性SSR标记位点中,每位点检测出等位基因2~15个,共检测出等位基因132个,平均每位点6.0 个。各多态位点检测出基因型为2~11种,位点HVM33的基因型最多。各多态位点的多态信息指数为0.16~0.91, 平均为0.65。根据PIC值选择了13个SSR标记用于我国青藏高原栽培青稞基因型鉴定,这些标记的PIC值为0.6以上。结合PIC值和基因型差异,选择了8个多态信息含量高的SSR标记,构建了高效指纹图谱,此图谱能把64份材料完全区分。 贮藏蛋白电泳分析是研究相关编码蛋白基因多态性的非常有效的方法。大麦单体蛋白与小麦醇溶蛋白相对应,具有丰富的多态性,可用于大麦遗传多样性、品种鉴定和群体进化等研究。本研究通过A-PAGE电泳技术研究了84份青藏高原栽培青稞的单体醇溶蛋白多态性。大麦单体醇溶蛋白图谱与小麦醇溶蛋白电泳图谱类似,所分离的蛋白清晰地分为ω-,γ-,β-和α-四个部分。青藏高原栽培青稞单体醇溶蛋白具有丰富的多态性,84份青稞材料中存在43条不同的蛋白带,75种组合带谱;其中67种为单一材料所独有,另8种则分别包含了2-3份材料。每份材料中拥有醇溶蛋白带为6-16条,含有6-10条单体醇溶蛋白带材料较多。西藏和四川材料群体单体醇溶蛋白多态性不同,具有区域特异性。西藏材料中发现了40条不同蛋白带,3条特异带,46 种蛋白组合;四川材料中出现了40种不同蛋白带,26种条带组合, 3条特异带。基于单体蛋白多态性的聚类与材料的来源有一定的相关性。A-PAGE单体蛋白具有丰富的多态性,可作为遗传研究和品种鉴定的标记。 大麦醇溶蛋白(hordein)是大麦籽粒的主要贮藏蛋白,与大麦的营养品质和加工品质密切相关,而且具有丰富的多态性,广泛用于品种鉴定、种质筛选、遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。B组醇溶蛋白是主要的醇溶蛋白组份,约占总醇溶蛋白的80%,而且具有丰富的多态性。本研究采用SDS-PAGE分析了72份青藏高原栽培青稞B组醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性。青藏高原栽培青稞B组醇溶蛋白具有丰富的多态性,72份青稞材料中存在15种蛋白带,30种组合带谱,其中15种为单一材料所独有,另15种则分别包含了2-10份材料。每份材料中B组醇溶蛋白条带数为4-8条,含5、6条的材料较常见。不同来源的群体材料间B组醇溶蛋白组成存在差异,西藏青稞含有26种蛋白组合带谱,其中有19种特异带谱;四川群体中共发现11种蛋白组合带型,其中有4种特有带谱。两群体中都存在稀有条带。聚类分析将材料分成三组,材料聚类与材料来源地没有明显的相关性。 淀粉粒蛋白(Starch granule proteins, SGPs)是一类与淀粉粒结合的微量蛋白,一些淀粉粒蛋白具有淀粉生化合成中主要的酶蛋白功能,其变异会影响淀粉含量和特性,从而影响淀粉的应用。关于我国大麦淀粉粒组成研究还未见报道。本实验首次开创了我国大麦淀粉粒结合蛋白的研究工作。采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术研究了青藏高原栽培青稞的SGP组成,并分析了不同SGP组合间淀粉含量的差异,初步探索了所分离的SGP蛋白与淀粉合成的关系。66份青稞材料中分离了10种主要的SGP,其表观分子量为40-100KD,低于60KD的SGP带有7条,共有16种组合带谱;各SGP蛋白和组合带谱出现的频率存在差异,青藏高原青稞的SGP组成存在多态性。西藏青稞和四川青稞的SGP组成有很大差异,SGP组成具有地域差异性,西藏青稞含有12种蛋白组合带谱,其中有9种特异带谱;四川群体中共发现7种蛋白组合带型,其中有4种特有带谱;两群体中仅有3种共同的蛋白组合带谱。SGP蛋白特性将66份青稞分为三组, 即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,材料聚类与材料来源具有一定的相关性。不同组合带谱材料间淀粉含量差异显著性检验结果显示,不同带谱间材料的总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量有差异,带谱2(SGP1+3+7+9+10)和8(SGP1+2+4+6+8)的总淀粉含量及支链淀粉含量显著大于组合带谱3(SGP1+3+7+10)的总淀粉含量。组合带谱7(SGP1+2+6+8)的直链淀粉含量显著低于带谱11(SGP1+5+8)的直链淀粉。带谱SGP2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10可能参与淀粉合成,SGP9可能与高支链淀粉的合成相关。 SSR标记位点、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白、淀粉结合蛋白等四个方面的研究结果表明青藏高原SSR标记多态性、单体醇溶蛋白多态性、B组醇溶蛋白多态性和SGP多态性都非常丰富,与青藏高原是栽培青稞的多样性分布中心的观点一致。 青藏高原栽培青稞的SSR标记、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白和SGP多态性表现出很大差异。SSR标记覆盖了整个基因组,多态性非常高。单体蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白、SGP蛋白是育种中非常关注的性状,他们只是代表基因组中的某一区域或位点,多态性相对较低。但单体蛋白多态性很高,84份材料中检测出43条不同蛋白带,75种不同的组合带谱。SSR标记技术和单体蛋白技术都是遗传多样性研究的有力工具,但单体蛋白技术不仅多态性高,而且经济、操作简便,是种质鉴定的理想方法。 对不同标记的多态性材料数据进行聚类,聚类图能为我们提供各材料间的遗传相似信息,为材料选择提供参考。但材料聚类与材料来源的地理区域的相关性表现不一致。SSR聚类和B组醇溶蛋白聚类与材料的来源地无相关性,而单体醇溶蛋白和SGP聚类与材料来源地有一定相关性,即西藏群体和四川群体分别有集中类群,这可能是人为选择的附加效应。 不同来源的群体材料的遗传多样性不同,具有区域特异稀有基因,加强不同地区间资源的交换和配合使用,有利于增加群体遗传多样性和新品种培育。 青藏高原栽培青稞的麦芽浸提性状、淀粉性状、病虫及裸粒等重要农艺性状控制位点存在丰富的变异,遗传基础宽广,可能蕴藏着多种不同的等位基因,是研究重要性状遗传特性、基因资源挖掘和遗传育种的宝贵资源库。 Hulless barley, due to its favorable attributes such as high feed value, good human nutrition,rich dietary fiber and ease processing, attracts people,s attention . Hulless barley plays a very important role in Tibetan life, used as essential food crop, main animal feed and important fuel. In addition to tsampa (roasted barley flour), a main food for Tibetan, hulless barley is also made into cake, soup, porridge, recent naked barley liquor and cornmeal. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of a few areas which plant naked barley widely in the world and also has a long growing history. Genetic diversity of the cultivated hulless barley in this region , however, has not been documented. The study of genetic diversity existing within this population is of particular interest in germplasm identification, preservation, and new cultivar development. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of the cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau through the study of SSR marker loci and monomeric prolamins, B-horden and starch granule proteins. SSRs are present abundantly in genomes of higher organisms and have become a popular marker system in plant studies. SSRs offer a number of advantages, such as the high level of polymorphisms, locus specificity, co-dominance, reproducibility, ease of use through PCRand random distribution throughout the genome. In barley, several hundred SSRs have been developed and genetically mapped and can therefore be selected from specific genomic regions. The genetic diversity of 64 cultivated naked barley from Tibet and Sichuan was studied with 30 SSRs of known map location.Among the selected SSR markers, PCR products of 5 SSR markers were not obtained and 3 SSR marker loci were monomeric. A total of 132 alleles were identified at 22 polyomeric SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15, with an average of 6.0. The polymorphism information content values for the SSRs ranged from 0.08 to 0.94, with an average of 0.65. 13 SSR markers with the PIC value >0.6 have been selected for discrimination of Qinghai-Tibet naked barley genotypews. A finger Print map was developed through 7 SSR markers with the high PIC value. It could be used as an efficient tool for gene discovery and identification of gernplasm. Hordeins, the main storage proteins of the barley seed, are composed of momomeric and polymeric prolamins and divided into -A, B, C and D groups in order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility. Hordeins show high inter-genotypic variation and have been extensively used as markers for cultivar identification and analyzing the genetic diversity. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of B-hordein in 72 naked barley from Qinqhai-Tibet Plateau. Extensive diversity was observed. A total of 15 different bands and 30 distinct patterns were found. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was calculated, and the accessions were divided into three main groups by cluster analysis using UPGMA. Differentiation among the populations from different collecting regions based on the polymorphism of B-hordein was investigated. Monomeric prolamins show high inter-genotypic variation and have been used as molecular markers for cultivar identification, analyzing the genetic diversity in collections and investigating the evolution processes and structure of populations However, the cultivated hulless accessions from Qinghai-Tibet Pateau in China have never been examined with respect to monomeric prolamins. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of monomeric prolamins (protein fraction corresponding to wheat gliadins) using the Acid -PAGE technique in eighty-four cultivated hulless barley from Qinqhai-Tibet Plateau in China. Extensive diversity was observed. A total of 43 different bands were found, of which 21 different bands were in the region of ω group, 8 in the region of γ, 8 in the region of β, and 6 in the region of α group. Among the 86 accessions, 75 distinct patterns were identified. The number of bands ranged from 6 to 16, depending on the variety. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity was calculated, and the lines were grouped by cluster analysis using UPGMA. A dendrogram was obtained from the analysis of the groups and five main clusters were identified. No relationship between the distribution in the dendrogram and growth habits and origins of the cultivars could be detected. Starch is the major constituent of the cereal endosperm, comprising approximately 65% of the dry weight of the mature wheat grain. The starch formed in all organs of plants is packaged into starch granules, which vary widely between species and cultivars in size and shape. Wheat endosperm starch granules contain about corresponding to the main biosynthase of starch. This report firstly dealed with intraspecific variation of the major SGPs in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau. A total of 10 major SGPs were observed in the range of 40KD-100KD and 16 types of patterns were found. Based on the variation of SGPs, accessions studied were classified into 3 groups. A geographical cline of electrophoregram was observed. In addition, significance test of the difference of starch content among groups and types of patterns were done, and the results indicated those SGPs could be related to the content of starch. Diagram obtained through cluster analysis exhibited a structuration of diversity and genetic relationship among cultivated hulless accessions. In breeding program, parents with genetically distant relationship for hybridization will increase genetic diversity of progenies. In conclusion, cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China presents a high variability with respect to monomeric prolamins,SSR markers , B- hordeins and SGPs. The result of this study supports Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the center of cultivated hulless barley and the cultivated naked barley is considered to be a gene pool with large diversity and could be applied to breeding for cereal.
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The objectives were to assess motility, fertilizing capacity, structural integrity, and mitochondrial function in fresh versus frozen-thawed (15% DMSO was used as a cryoprotectant) sperm from red seabrearn (Pagrus major). Mean (+/- S.D.) rates of motility, fertilization and hatching of frozen-thawed sperm were 81.0 +/- 5.4, 92.8 +/- 1.9, and 91.8 +/- 5.2%, respectively; for fresh sperm, they were 87.5 +/- 7.7, 95.8 +/- 2.4, and 93.8 +/- 4.2%. Although motility was lower in frozen-thawed versus fresh sperm (P < 0.05), there was no effect (P > 0.05) of cryopreservation on fertilization or hatching. Based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy, 77.8 +/- 5.6% of fresh sperm had normal morphology, whereas for frozen-thawed sperm, 63.0 +/- 7.2% had normal morphology, 20.6 +/- 3.1% were slightly damaged (e.g. swelling or rupture of head, mid-piece and tail region as well as mitochondria), and 16.4 +/- 4.2% were severely damaged. Sperm were stained with propidium iodide and Rhodamine 123 to assess plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function, respectively, and examined with flow cytometry. For fresh sperm, 83.9% had an intact membrane and functional mitochondria, whereas for frozen-thawed sperm, 74.8% had an intact membrane and functional mitochondria, 12.7% had a damaged membrane, 9.9% had nonfunctional mitochondria, and 2.6% had both a damaged membrane and nonfunctional mitochondria. In conclusion, ultrastructure and flow cytometry were valuable for assessment of frozen-thawed sperm quality; cryopreservation damaged the sperm but fertilizing ability was not significantly decreased. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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为探讨高原鼠兔家群空间领域的季节特征,分别于2005年和2006年的5~8月,在青海省玛沁县,采用标志重捕法和最小多边形面积法对其家群巢区和核域进行了研究.结果表明,不同季节,高原鼠兔巢区和核域面积存在显著差异.5、6月份,成体巢区面积显著大于幼体,但二者核域面积却无显著差异;7月份,成体与第1胎幼体巢区及核域面积均显著大于第2胎.5、6月份雄性成体巢区显著大于7、8月份,6、7月份雌性成体巢区显著大于5月和8月份.巢区及核域面积均与家群个体数呈极显著性正相关关系,说明季节和家群结构均可对高原鼠兔空间领域产生重要作用。
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赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%-53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)-中西段交接部(余江、东乡)-西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0.704 635-0.708 769,(^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0.512 173-0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8-+5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关.
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瑶岗仙钨矿床位于湘东南后加里东隆起和湘、桂、粤北海西—印支坳陷带的交接部位,是南岭地区最典型的石英脉型钨矿床之一。为了深入研究瑶岗仙钨矿的成矿机制,本文在野外地质工作基础上,选取有代表性的样品,进行了氦、氩同位素以及碳、氧、硫稳定同位素研究,探讨了矿床成矿流体的来源,成岩成矿的关系,并初步讨论了矿床的成因模式。论文主要获得以下认识: (1)对瑶岗仙矿区不同硫化物中流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素系统测定表明,该矿床毒砂流体包裹体中3He/4He比值为0.58~2.60 Ra;黄铁矿和黄铜矿流体包裹体中3He/4He比值分别为0.41~1.26 Ra 和0.37~0.43 Ra,黑钨矿流体包裹体中氦同位素组成相对变化较大,其3He/4He比值为0.05~0.49 Ra,这些He同位素组成均明显高于地壳相应值;毒砂流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围在309.94~454.39;黄铁矿流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围在409.12~1822.31;黄铜矿和黑钨矿流体包裹体中的40Ar/36Ar变化范围分别为673~886和325~903,明显高于饱和大气雨水的40Ar/36Ar值。上述氦、氩同位素组成揭示瑶岗仙钨矿床中的成矿流体具有壳、幔两端元混合的特点。结合区域地质构造演化和成矿年代学的研究成果,本文认为瑶岗仙钨矿床的成矿流体是瑶岗仙花岗岩浆分异出的含有地幔He的岩浆流体与大气成因地下水二端元混合的产物。 (2)层解石和方解石的C、O同位素显示,该矿方解石的13CPDB和18OSMOW的变化范围为-2.2‰~ -7.0‰(均值为-4.8‰)和5.6‰~14.4‰(均值为11.3‰);层解石的13CPDB和18OSMOW的变化范围为-5.5‰~ -6.3‰(均值为-5.8‰)和12.7‰~14.3‰(均值为13.8‰);该矿方解石、层解石的C、O同位素组成与赣南西华山钨矿床非常类似。这些C、O同位素指示,该矿的成矿流体主要来自岩浆水,后期有少量大气降水的参与。 (3)对瑶岗仙矿区不同硫化物的硫同位素研究表明,该矿硫化物δ34S值的变化范围很窄,为-2.0‰~1.5‰之间,且具有明显的塔式分布。这些特征暗示,该矿的硫来源单一,主要来自岩浆。 (4)瑶岗仙花岗岩过去被视为典型的S型花岗岩,但本文研究发现该花岗岩普遍含有地幔He。结合区域构造背景的最新研究成果,本文认为,原来被认为“由地壳物质重熔形成的”瑶岗仙S型花岗岩体,实际上也是一种岩石圈伸展背景条件下壳幔相互作用的产物,地幔物质和能量的参与在该花岗岩的形成过程中发挥了重要作用。 (5)瑶岗仙钨矿床与矿区复式花岗岩体具有密切时空关系,而且该矿的主要成矿流体和成矿物质均来自矿区花岗岩,故两者亦应具成因联系。