258 resultados para La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4


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Two systems of La2-xSrxCuO4+/-lambda and La2-xThxCuO4+/-lambda, mixed oxides with K2NiF4 structure were synthesized. The compositions and structures of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, chemical analysis and so on. The catalytic behavior for the direct decomposition of NO has been investigated. The results show that the catalytic activity is closely related to the oxygen vacancy and lower valence metallic ion in the direct decomposition of NO. The presence of oxygen vacancy is necessary for mixed oxide to have steady activity in NO decomposition.

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BaLiF3微晶经X射线辐照所产生的热释光,在日光下照射15分钟或在室温条件下放置2~3天都会消失,表明X射线对BaLiF3微晶的辐照损伤是轻微的,易擦除的。实验还发现BaLiF3:Eu(2+)具有光激励发光特性,因此可以认为BaLiF3:Eu(2+)是一种具有潜在应用价值的新型X射线存贮材料。

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采用溶胶凝胶法,以无水四氯化锡及异丙醇为原料,制得非化学计量比的SnO_(2-x)纳米微晶材料.透射电镜图片显示700℃焙烧2h得到的粉体的粒度为20nm,由X射线衍射及X射线光电子能谱的分析可知,300℃焙烧2h得到颗粒边界部分原子无规排布的纳米粉体,而700℃焙烧2h得到的是晶格趋于完整的纳米微晶,它们都存在氧空位及晶格缺陷,利用这些结论可以解释SnO_(2-x)纳米微晶材料中出现的顺磁信号.

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氮氧化物(NO_x)是严重的空气污染物,是产生酸雨的主要来源之一.消除NO_x已成为目前国际上环保化学中最为关键的问题之一.目前,世界各国都在大力开发新的消除NO_x的方法,其中最令人注意的有NO直接分解和寻找可取代NH_x的还原剂.根据已报道的文献看,最有希望的NO直接分解催化剂除了贵金属Pd,Pt之外有Cu-ZSM-5分子筛、含Cu的超导体Y-Ba-Cu-O和含Co的ABO_x复合氧化物.把A_2BO_4型复合氧化物应用于NO分解反应的报道很少,本文首次在NO分解反应中系统研究了Ln_(2-x)Sr_xMO_4(Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,

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用固相法合成了Pr_(2-x)Sr_xNiO_(4±δ)(0.0≤x≤1.0)系列K_2NiF_4型化合物,研究了其结构,红外光谱,电磁性质。当0.0≤x<0.1和x=1.0时以正交晶系结晶;当0.1≤x<1.0时以四方晶系结晶;Ni离子平均价态在+2至+3价之间。当x值较小时,样品中含有过量的氧。NiO_6八面体中Ni ̄(3+)的Jahn-Teller畸变引起c/a值在x=0.5处出现极大,在77~250K之间,样品磁性质符合居里-外斯定律,并表现出反铁磁相互作用。电学性质的变化可以理解为Ni ̄(3+)离子电子组态由:变至的结果

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钙钛矿型的稀土与过渡金属复合氧化物(ABO_3)及部分稀土为碱土金属置换的A_(1-x)M_xBO_3型复合物在最近20年来研究较多,并在催化气敏,超导等方面取得了良好进展。但对A_(1-x)M_xB_(1-y)N_yO_3型复合物却研究甚少。本文合成了一系列的La_(1-x)M_xFe_yCo_(1-y)O_3(M=Sr或Ba)钙钛矿型复合氧化物,研究了它们组成与电性的变化规律。

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研究了La_(1-1·333X)Th_XNiO_(3-λ)(0≤x≤0.75)催化剂的固态性质与催化氢氧化性能的关系。发现在LaNiO_3中掺入Th~(4+)能形成阳离子空位,稳定体系中Ni~(3+)浓度和降低氧空位的有序化程度,从而提高了催化剂的NO选择性。氨氧化制硝酸的主要活性氧种可能是定位在氧空位上的O~-离子。催化机理遵从Redox机理,阳离子空位的形成有利于Redox过程的进行。

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采用新的合成方法制备了一类新的化合物LaSr_(2-x)Ca_xV_3O_(9±y).X射线粉末衍射分析证实它们是单一化合物.利用计算机及自编软件对其进行了指标化并计算了它们的晶胞常数.结构数据表明,随钙含量的增加,LaSr_(2-x)Ca_xV_3O_(9±y)发生了从立方到正交到立方的相转变.热重和光电子能谱表明,新化合物中的钒是以V~(3+)和V~(4+)的低价态形式存在.它们具有较低的电阻率.

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钙钛矿ABO_3复合氧化物用于取代贵金属催化剂的研究工作已取得突破性进展尤其是近几年来在具有钙钛矿结构类型化合物中高临界温度超导材料的发现,更引起国内外学者的重视。对LaCoO_3的结构及各种物化性质的研究已相当多。Lam等用XPS对LaCoO_3一类化合物的价带谱进行过研究,并且与用分子簇、自由离子模型的计算结果进行比较,解释了LaCoO_3的电子结构。我们曾对La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3中La与配位体之间的作用,表面氧的状态以及在氢气气氛下钴的还原行为作过研究,但至今对

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在氧化物表面上发生的催化氧化反应中,由分子氧活化形成的表面氧种起着十分重要的作用。目前,已确证的表面氧种有O~-,O_2~-,O_3~-,这主要归功于电子自旋共振(ESR)方法。

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用XPS、TPR和同位素交换等技术,研究了钙钛石型催化剂La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)中的活性氧种及其反应性能。在考虑晶格缺陷的基础上,认为以弱键和钙钛石中氧空位给合的α氧是这个催化体系中的活性氧种。当x值自0变化至1时,α氧量增加;当x>0.4时,α氧的反应性下降。在x<0.4的范围内,催化活性取决于α氧的浓度,而在x≥0.4的范围内,催化活性取决于α氧的反应性。此外,催化活性还同该体系分解气相氧的能力有关。

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用Mossbauer,IR等技术及对样品磁化率与电导率的测量,研究了钙钛石型复合氧化物La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)体系中,活性金属铁离子在改变x时的价态和配位环境的变化及其对催化活性的影响。发现催化剂在0≤x<0.5~0.7范围内,其Fe—O键的相互作用较强,催化活性主要由催化剂的表面化学所控制;在0.7≤x≤1.0范围内,催化剂中Fe-O键相互作用减弱,氧空位出现有序化,在这一范围内,催化活性主要由催化剂的体相化学控制。

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钙钛石型复合氧化物的缺陷性质与其催化性能密切相关。在以前的报告中,作者用XRD、TG、Mssbauer谱等技术,研究了La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)体系催化剂的晶体结构和缺陷性质以及它们与该体系催化剂在氨氧化反应中催化性能之间的关系,提出了在氧缺陷浓度较大的钙钛石中可能产生氧空位有序排列的结构.本文通过对上述体

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In this paper, the reactions of nitrone, N-methyl nitrone, N-phenyl nitrone and their hydroxylamine tautomers (vinyl-hydroxylamine, N-methyl-vinyl-hydroxylamine and N-phenyl-vinyl-hydroxylamine) on the reconstructed C(100)-2 x 1 surface have been investigated using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP), Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2) and multi-configuration complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) methods. The calculations showed that all the nitrones can react with the surface "dimer" via facile 1.3-dipolar cycloaddition with small activation barriers (less than 12.0 kJ/mol at B3LYP/6-31g(d) level). The [2+2] cycloaddition of hydroxylamine tautomers on the C(100) surface follows a diradical mechanism. Hydroxylamine tautomers first form diradical intermediates with the reconstructed C(I 00)-2 x I surface by overcoming a large activation barrier of 50-60 kJ/mol (B3LYP), then generate [2+2] cycloaddition products via diradical transition states with negligible activation barriers. The surface reactions result in hydroxyl or amino-terminated diamond surfaces, which offers new opportunity for further modifications. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The reaction of nitrone, N-methyl nitrone, and their hydroxylamine tautomers (vinyl-hydroxylamine and N-methyl vinyl-hydroxylamine) on the reconstructed Si(100)-2 x 1 surface has been investigated by means of hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2) methods. The calculations predicted that both of the nitrones should react with the surface dimer via facile concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition leading to 5-member-ring compounds. The reaction of hydroxylamine tautomers on the Si(100) surface follows pi-complex (intermediate) mechanism. For the reaction of N-methyl vinyl-hydroxylamine, the pi-complex intermediate undergoes [2+2] cycloaddition leading to a 4-member-ring compound. But in the reaction of vinyl-hydroxylamine, the intermediate undergoes H-migration reaction ("ene" reaction) resulting in the oxime-terminated Si surface. All the surface reactions result in the hydroxyl-terminated silicon surfaces, which are very useful for the further modification of the semiconductor.