90 resultados para LEAD 210
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对采自东湖 站和 站的沉积物采用210Pb和137Cs相结合的方法测定沉积速率,210Pb法测出东湖 站和 站的沉积速率为8.73mm/a和6.90mm/a,137Cs测出东湖 站和 站的沉积速率为7.4mm/a和5.8mm/a.分析了两种方法测定结果差异产生的原因,并与以往的研究相对比,探讨东湖沉积速率空间分布的规律性,沉积速率变化与人类活动的关系、沉积速率与扰动的关系.
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(Na1-xKx)(0.5)Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT) (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) thin films with good surface morphology and rhombohedral perovskite structure were fabricated on quartz substrates by a sol-gel process. The fundamental optical constants (the band gaps, linear refractive indices and absorption coefficients) of the films were obtained through optical transmittance measurements. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan technique performed at 532 nm with a picosecond laser. A two-photon absorption effect closely related with potassium-doping content was found in thin films, and the nonlinear refractive index n(2) increases evidently with potassium-doping. The real part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)) is much larger than its imaginary part, indicating that the third-order optical nonlinear response of the NKBT films is dominated by the optical nonlinear refractive behavior. These results show that NKBT thin films have potential applications in nonlinear optics. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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We report on improved electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film deposited on titanium metal foil using nitrogen annealing. After nitrogen annealing of the PZT capacitors, symmetric capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics, higher dielectric constant and breakdown field, less change of dielectric constant with frequency, lower dielectric loss and leakage current are obtained. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The influence of gamma-radiation dose rate on the electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate capacitors was investigated. More severe degradations in dielectric constant, coercive field, remanent polarization and capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves occurred with increasing radiation dose at lower dose rates. The electrical properties exhibited distinct radiation dose rate dependence and the worst-case degradation occurred at the lowest dose rate. The radiation-induced degradation of parameters such as the coercive field drift and distortion of the C-V curve can be recovered partly through post-irradiation annealing.
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A novel Nd3+-doped lead fluorosilicate glass (NPS glass) is prepared by a two-step melting process. Based on the absorption spectrum a Judd-Ofelt theory analysis is made. The emission line width of NPS glass is 44.2nm. The fluorescence decay lifetime of the 4F3/2 level is 586±20μsec, and the stimulated emission cross-section is 0.87×10-20cm2 at 1056nm. A laser oscillation is occurred at 1062nm when pumped by 808nm Diode Laser. The slope efficiency is 23.7% with a 415mJ threshold. It is supposed that NPS glass is a good candidate for using in ultra-short pulse generation and amplification by the broad emission bandwidth and long fluorescence lifetime.
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植物-微生物联合修复是利用微生物作为植物修复重金属土壤的一种强化手段,在弥补单纯植物及微生物修复技术不足的同时,利用植物和微生物的共存体系提高植物修复效率。本研究考察了向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.),芥菜(Brassica juncea L.),紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)和蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)对Cd、Pb的富集特征,并筛选出向日葵作为富集植物;探讨了向日葵根系分泌物在重金属胁迫下的变化;通过重金属耐受菌株与向日葵的配伍对Cd、Pb污染土壤进行联合修复,结果如下: 液体培养实验结果表明,四种植物对Cd、Pb富集能力明显不同,其中向日葵对两种重金属的提取效果较好。四种植物对重金属的富集量随着浓度的增加而增加,而富集系数随重金属浓度的增加而减小,转移系数同重金属浓度及地上部/地下部生物量比值呈现一定的相关性;Cd、Pb复合处理中,一种重金属的存在会在不同程度上影响植物对另一种重金属的吸收;此外,不同植物及重金属处理中根际区域的酸碱度及氧化还原电位呈现负相关性。 砂培实验结果表明,向日葵对重金属的富集规律基本同液体培养实验相似。富集系数与重金属浓度和培养时间呈现线性相关关系。复合处理中,当Cd和Pb在适当浓度比例时,向日葵可以增加对某一重金属的吸收效率。向日葵的根系分泌物组成因重金属的存在而明显减少,根系分泌物中的草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酸及丁二酸含量随着不同浓度Cd、Pb而发生不规则变化。 在以根系分泌物作为唯一营养来源筛选重金属耐受菌株实验中,细菌和真菌对Cd及Pb的耐性及吸附效率不同。总体上看,微生物生物量随重金属浓度升高而降低,而重金属吸附量随浓度升高而增加,重金属复合毒性也减少了微生物对单一重金属的吸收;另外,培养基中酸碱度因微生物种类及重金属浓度而有所差异。 将筛选出的优势微生物与向日葵配伍处理Cd、Pb污染土壤的实验中,由于Cd、Pb污染模式及菌株种类的不同,微生物对向日葵吸收重金属的强化效果呈现很大差异,其中真菌对植物吸收重金属的强化能力较细菌强;同时,根系分泌物中6种有机酸的含量在不同处理中变化较大;在处理单一Cd或Pb污染的时候选用菌株B1、F1或混合菌B1+B2、F1+F2、B2+F1、B1+F2与向日葵配伍修复的效果较好;混合菌F1+F2、B1+F2、B2+F1的添加能较好的强化Cd、Pb复合污染中向日葵吸收重金属的能力。
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随着工农业的快速发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益严重,在我国东北,大面积的蔬菜种植地受到Cd、Pb的污染。大白菜在东北地区一直得到广泛种植,然而,Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对这一地区大白菜的胁迫效应仍然缺乏系统的研究。本研究以辽宁省普遍种植的四种大白菜(抗病金春KB、东洋春夏DY、青绿王QL、强势QS)为对象,用发芽实验、砂培实验和盆栽实验,研究了Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下大白菜的生理生化变化。 在发芽阶段,Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下,重金属浓度与根长、芽长和生物量抑制率间呈极显著线性相关,根伸长对Cd、Pb的毒害最敏感。KB对Cd毒害的抗性最强,DY对Pb单一和Cd、Pb复合胁迫的抗性最强,而QS对Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫的抗性最弱。Cd、Pb复合胁迫时,对根伸长、芽伸长和生物量抑制的联合作用类型都为相加作用。 砂培实验中,在Cd、Pb浓度较低时,4种大白菜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(PRO)含量都不同程度提高,但是随Cd、Pb浓度的提高,各生理过程受到抑制。KB和QS中PRO的含量约是DY和QL中的2-3倍,高PRO累积量很可能是Cd、Pb耐性大白菜品种所具有的特点。 盆栽实验中,在各生长时期,抗氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),及可溶性糖和SP的含量随Cd、Pb浓度的提高先升高后下降。硝态氮的含量基本随Cd、Pb浓度的提高而上升。在整个实验期间,KB和QS中MDA都保持较低的水平,KB对Cd、Pb的耐性主要是由于其体内PRO及AsA、GSH等抗氧化剂的累积;而GSH和可溶性糖对QS的Cd、Pb耐性起重要作用。QL和DY中MDA的含量要高于KB和QS,它们体内的抗氧化酶活性,及PRO、AsA和GSH含量在某个生长时期会达到较高的水平,但是与KB和QS相比,这些变化并不稳定,所以比KB和QS对Cd、Pb的耐性要弱。
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随着工农业的快速发展,土壤重金属尤其Cd和Pb污染日益严重。筛选和培育具有重金属低积累特性的农作物排异品种被认为是当前应对土壤重金属污染最为合理和有效的途径之一。本文通过盆栽试验、大田试验和砂培试验,研究了大白菜品种对Cd和Pb的吸收和积累的品种差异、对Cd、Pb胁迫的响应以及大白菜安全生产的调控技术,得出以下结论: 1) 盆栽梯度试验中,80种大白菜地上部对Cd的吸收存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。在3种Cd处理下(1.0, 2.5和5.0 mg/kg),80种大白菜Cd含量浓度范围分别为(mg/kg) 0.22–2.46, 0.90–14.10和2.03–18.01, 其平均值分别为 0.79, 3.76 和6.79 mg/kg DW。大白菜对Cd胁迫具有较强的耐性。大田试验中,15种大白菜的富集系数和转运系数与盆栽梯度试验的结果基本一致。排异植物的筛选和鉴定标准包括:(1)该植物的地上部和根部的Cd含量都很低或者可食部位低于有关标准;(2) 富集系数(BF) < 1.0;(3) 转运系数(TF) < 1.0;(4)该植物具有较高的Cd耐性,在较高的Cd污染下能够正常生长且生物量无显著下降。采用此标准,结合盆栽梯度试验和大田试验结果,北京新3号、绿星70和丰源新3号可鉴定为Cd排异品种。秋傲和赛新5号具有排异Cd特性,但其对Cd的耐性较差。 2) 盆栽梯度试验中,在Pb投加浓度为500和1500 mg/kg处理下,30种大白菜地上部对Pb的吸收存在显著差异 (p < 0.05),其Pb浓度的范围分别为:0.52–8.68 和1.86–16.20 mg/kg, 其平均值分别为3.01 和6.87 mg/kg DW。并且,随着Pb浓度的增加,白菜地上部Pb含量有随之增加的趋势。大白菜对Pb具有较强的耐性。低浓度的Pb处理对大白菜的生物具有一定的促进作用。结合盆栽试验和大田试验的结果,秋傲、世博秋抗和福星80可鉴定为Pb排异大白菜品种。 3) 砂培试验中,在Cd和Pb胁迫下,大白菜地上部的丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现先下降后上升接着下降的趋势,酸菜王的SOD活性要高于北京新3号SOD的活性。随着Pb处理浓度的增加,福星80地上部的SOD活性随之增加,而绿星大棵菜地上部的SOD活性先下降后增加。在不同梯度的Cd处理下,大白菜地上部的可溶性蛋白(SP)含量未见显著降低,甚至有所增加,而在不同梯度的Pb处理下,大白菜地上部的SP含量有所降低。 4) 施用改良剂可升高土壤的pH值和降低土壤中的有效态Cd,从而对大白菜的生长具有促进作用。施用改良剂可显著降低大白菜对Cd和Pb的吸收和累积。
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雌激素是人体内重要的激素之一,具有广泛的生理功能。雌激素缺乏与许多疾病相关,如卵巢功能低下,更年期综合征以及骨质疏松等;雌激素过剩也将导致某些疾病,如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌等。目前,如何降低肿瘤组织中的雌激素水平而达到治疗肿瘤的目的,已经得到广泛的研究,但促雌激素生成或调节卵巢功能药物或其相关研究则很少。 本实验室前期的研究发现,瓦山安息香属植物果实中的乙醇提取物具有促雌激素生成作用,通过活性追踪和结构鉴定,确认促E2 生成的主要成分为苯并呋喃类化合物。苯并呋喃类化合物的作用与芳香酶有关,但其确切的作用机理有待证实和深入研究。 为了探讨安息香苯并呋喃类化合物的促雌激素合成的作用机理,拟采用如下的实验方案: 1、细胞学方面,对小鼠3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231 以及人卵巢癌细胞OVCAR-3、OVCAR-4、OVCAR-5、OVCAR-8、IGROV1 等细胞株,采用RT-PCR 和ELISA 方法研究芳香酶Aro基因的表达和雌二醇E2 的生成,芳香酶抑制剂Formestane 作为阳性对照,研究时效曲线和量效曲线,确定安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 的有效浓度和作用时间。 2、RNAi 方面,设计合成了针对人芳香酶Aro基因的3 对RNAi 序列,转染入细胞,芳香酶促进剂Forskolin 和地塞米松、芳香酶抑制剂Formestane 作为阳性对照,采用实时定量PCR 技术,研究RNA 干扰后,安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 对人芳香酶Aro基因表达水平瓦山安息香苯并呋喃促雌激素合成的机理研究的影响。 3、雌激素受体方面,设计一段ERE 的雌激素调控元件,构建重组荧光素酶报告基因载体,瞬时转染人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,建立针对雌激素受体的报告基因筛选模型,观察安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 对雌激素受体的选择性和亲和力,从受体水平考察安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 促进雌激素生成的药理学机理。 实验结果显示: 1、分化后的小鼠3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7 、MDA-MB-231 以及人卵巢癌细胞OVCAR-3、OVCAR-4、OVCAR-8 等细胞株具有芳香酶基因的表达。睾酮向雌二醇的转化能够被芳香酶抑制剂Formestane 所阻断,其中OVCAR-3 最适合进行下一步的RNAi研究。 2、RNAi 实验结果显示,设计的3 对RNAi 序列中R2 的干扰效果最强,相应的阴性对照C2 与R2 的表达量相差118 倍(24 小时)和19 倍(48 小时),显示R2/C2 这组序列可用于进一步的RNAi 试验。以R2 干扰OVCAR-3 细胞株,药物作用24、48 小时后,芳香酶抑制剂Formestane 与R2 相对表达量相比分别为0.83 倍和0.04 倍;芳香酶促进剂Forskolin 与R2 相对表达量相比分别为3.61 和1.84 倍;芳香酶促进剂地塞米松与R2 相对表达量相比分别为5.76 倍和3.49倍;苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 与R2 相对表达量相比分别为8.13 倍和4.59 倍。实验证实安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 能够促进因RNAi 而发生基因沉默的人芳香酶Aro表达水平的上调。 3、雌激素受体实验结果显示,构建成功重组pERE-pGL3-promoter 荧光素酶报告基因载体和基于报告基因系统的雌激素受体激动剂或拮抗剂的细胞筛选模型。实验结果表明安息香苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 与雌激素受体ERα和ERβ亲和力选择性之比约为3:1 ,SP25通过与雌激素受体ERα结合作用其受体,刺激芳香酶的表达。 本课题通过RNA 干扰、ELISA、荧光实时定量PCR、报告基因筛选模型等技术手段,从细胞水平、蛋白酶水平和基因表达水平、雌激素受体水平等方面系统地研究了从瓦山安息香属植物果实中提取的苯并呋喃SP25 促进促雌激素生成的机理研究。试验结果显示苯并呋喃类化合物SP25 促雌激素生成的主要作用机制是直接促进芳香酶基因表达水平,以及与雌激素受体a 结合,刺激芳香酶活性。 Estrogen is an important hormone that has versatile physiologicalfunctions. Lack of estrogen will lead to many diseases such as lower ovarianfunction, climacteric syndrome and osteoporosis. Excessive estrogen alsoinduces breast carcinoma, oophoroma and endometrial carcinoma and otherdiseases. To depress the estrogen level in tumor tissue to cure carcinomawas widely studied, but there is only few studies reported on the induction ofestrogen and on the regulation of ovary function. We found that the extracts from seeds of Styrax perkinsiae couldpromote the synthesis of estrogen. The active compounds benzofurans wereidentified. Effect of benzofurans may be related to aromatase, but the mechanism was not clear. To reveal the mechanism of these benzofurans to promote estrogensynthesis, the following protocols were adopted: 1 Cytology: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,human ovary carcinoma celllines OVCAR-3,OVCAR-4,OVCAR-5,OVCAR-8,IGROV1 andbreast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were usedto determine Aro gene expression and estrogen production withRT-PCR AND ELISA methods. Formestane, an aromataseinhibitor, was used as positive control. And dose-curve,time-curve and the effective concentration of SP25 were also studied. 2 Designed 3 pairs of RNAi for human aromatase gene, andtransfected into cell. Aromatase inducer Forskolin andDexamethasone, and aromatase inhibitor Formestane were usedas positive controls. We studied the change of Aro expressionlevel with SP25 by using real-time PCR after RNA interfering. 3 Estrogen Receptor: We constructed the recombined Luciferasereport vector and establish a screening system for estrogenagonist and antagon. With this system, we studied the affinity ofSP25 and estrogen receptor. Results: 1 Differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes¡¢human ovary carcinomacell lines:OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, OVCAR-8 and breast carcinomacell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 had detected aromatase geneexpression.And OVCAR-3 is more suitable for further aromatasegene function research. 2 In RNAi assay, R2 has a strong interfering effcet in OVCAR-3 cellline, and ratio of C2 (the negative control) to R2 were 118 times(24 hours) and 19 times (48 hours). This means sucessful inRNA interfering. After R2 acted on OVCAR-3 cell line, the ratiosof formestane to R2 were 0.83 and 0.04 times, 5.76 and 3.49times (Dex), 3.61 and 1.84 times (forskolin) and 8.13 and 4.59times (sp25) after drug treated 24 or 48 hours respectively.These results indicated that SP25 can directly induce aromatasegene up-regulation. 3 We had constructed pERE-pGL3-promoter recombined vectorand the Luciferase report gene screening system. Luciferasereport gene assay showed that sp25 had a higher affinity with strogen receptor alpha than estrogen receptor beta, this indicated that SP25 can act on estrogen receptor and induce aromatase. Our results revealed that the mechanisms of benzofuran to promoteestrogen were the upregulation aromatase gene expression and promotion ofaromatase activity and have partially elective affinity with estrogen receptoralpha.
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Ang II受体拮抗剂是作用于肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的抗高血压药,因其抗高血压作用与较老的抗高血压药物作用相同,且更具有选择性,不良反应状况与安慰剂相似,而在高血压治疗中逐渐引起研究者重视,并成为目前增长最快的抗高血压药物。在许多AngII受体拮抗剂中四氮唑结构已成为固定基团,但四氮唑有许多合成及代谢弊端。因此,寻找其他合适的杂环酸性基团来替代四氮唑,在保持较高口服活性的同时克服相应缺陷,具有极其重要的意义。 本项目以四氮唑沙坦类药物为先导化合物,运用生物电子等排原理及拼合原理,根据计算机分子模拟研究结果,对其进行结构修饰和改造,首次将咪唑、氯代咪唑、三氮唑及咪唑啉替代四氮唑,并结合具有较高AngII受体拮抗活性的联苯并咪唑衍生物,设计并合成一系列含咪唑,咪唑啉,氯代咪唑及三氮唑衍生物的Ang II受体拮抗剂。 研究这一系列新型AngII受体拮抗剂的体内、体外抗高血压活性时,发现咪唑啉衍生物展示了与对照药物几乎相当的活性,而咪唑、氯代咪唑和三氮唑衍生物分别表现了较弱或者没有活性,这些研究对今后更进一步设计合成新的Ang II受体拮抗剂具有重要的指导意义,同时也为筛选抗高血压药物奠定良好的基础。 The angiotensin II receptor antagonists act on renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which are as effective as other types of anti-hypertensive drugs. Because even the more specific and comparable to placebo in terms of side effects, Ang II receptor antagonists cause a high attention and become the fastest growing anti-hypertension drugs. Most of such compounds share the biphenyltetrazole unit with the lead Losartan. However, there are many defects in tetrazole synthesis and vivo metabolism. Therefore, we felt quite encouraged to find some proper acidic heterocyclic groups which maintain the same oral bioavailability to replace the tetrazole. In the present paper, we applied the bioisostere and combination principle, in accordance with the results of computer modeling of molecular, to modify the lead structural of terazole in sartan compounds reported. We turned our attention to replace the tetrazole ring with imidazole rings, chloro-imidazole, imidazoline, traizole ring and combinated them with benzimidazoles derivatives which have antagonistic activity for angiotensin II to design and synthesize a series of Ang II receptor antagonists contaning imidazole ring, chloro-imidazole, imidazoline or traizole ring. In addition, activity tests in vivo and in vivo had shown that imidazoline derivatives display almost equivalent activity with the reference drug, but imidazole derivatives, chloro-imidazole, triazole derivatives were weak or non-performance of the hypotensive activity. We believe that the imidazoline derivative type Ang II receptor antagonists can build a foundation for the development of a novel series of anti-hypertensive drugs.