323 resultados para Dai


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A novel laser resonator for compensating depolarization loss that is due to thermally induced birefringence in active rod is reported. As this new structure being applied to an electro-optic Q-switched LIDA side-pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at a repetition rate of 1000 Hz, substantial reduction in depolarization loss has been observed, the output pulse energy is improved about 56% from that of a traditional resonator without compensation structure. With incident pump energy of 450 mJ per pulse, linearly polarized output energy of 30 mJ per pulse is achieved, the pulse duration is less than 15 ns, and the peak power of pulse is about 2 MW. The extinction ratio of laser beam is better than 10:1, and the beam divergence is 1.3 mrad with beam diameter of around 2.5 mm. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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We report the self-formation of quasiperiodic void structure with the length of several hundred micrometers inside the CaF2 crystal. The quasiperiodical voids along the propagation direction of the laser beam were formed spontaneously after the irradiation of a single femtosecond laser beam which was focused at a fixed point inside the crystal sample. The length of the void array varied with the focal depth beneath the sample surface. The possible mechanism of the self-formed void structure was discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

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Yb3+/ Er3+-codoped oxychloride germanate glasses have been synthesized by a conventional melting and quenching method. Structural properties were obtained based on Raman-spectra investigation, indicating that PbCl2 plays an important role in the formation of the glass network and has an important influence on the phonon density and the maximum phonon energy. The Judd - Ofelt intensity parameters and quantum efficiencies were calculated based on the Judd - Ofelt theory and lifetime measurements. The enhanced upconversion luminescence intensity of Er3+ with increasing PbCl2 content could not be explained only by the maximum phonon-energy change of the host glasses. For the first time, the effect of PbCl2 addition on phonon density, OH- content, and upconversion luminescence in oxychloride glasses has been discussed and evaluated. The results show that the effect of phonon density and OH- content on upconversion luminescence in oxychloride glasses is much stronger than that of the decrease of the maximum phonon energy. The possible upconversion luminescence mechanisms have also been estimated and are discussed.

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Thermal stress-induced birefringence in borate glass which has been irradiated by 800-nm femtosecond laser pulses is observed under cross-polarized light. Due to the high temperature and pressure formed in the focal volume, the material at the edge of the micro-modified region is compressed between the expanding region and the unheated one, then stress emerges. Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the stress distribution in the micro-modified region and indicates the redistributions of density and refractive index by Raman peak shift. We suggest that this technique can develop waveguide polarizers and Fresnel zone plates in integrated optics.

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本论文对沿阶草族Ophiopogoneae(Endl.)Kunth的研究历史作了回顾,从染色体、形态学和解剖学角度对此族作了研究,并作了数值分类和分支 系统学分析的尝试,在此基础上探讨了这个族的系统学问题. 1)本论文对此族三属37种123居群的染色体数目、基数及核型不对称性作了研究,其中19种的染色体为首次报道.它们是:P.macrostegiaHance, P.yunnanensis Wang et Tang,P.ophiopogonoides Wang et Tang,O. sarmentosus Wang et Dai,O.tienensis Wang et Tang, O.sylvicola Wang et Tang, O.fooningensis Wang et Dai, O.mairei L6vl.,O.szechuanensis Wang et Tang, O.angustiatus (Wang et Tang) S.C.Chen, O.amblyphyllus Wang et Dai,O.clavatus Wright ex Oliver,O.clivioidesD.M.Zhang et Hong, O.longiscaposus D.M.Zhang et Hong,O.umbraticola Hance,O.fuiD.M.Zhang ntHong,O.zingiberaceus Wang et Dai,O.gangxiensisd.M.Zhang et Hong,O. lo fouense L6vl. 2)在此族中首次报道了2n = 2x = 34的异基数二倍体,同时在O.umbraticola,O.japonicus,O.cLarkei中报道了2n=68的异基数二倍体,过核型和减数分裂等证明异基数是在二倍体水平上形成,并发展成倍性系列的. 3)在此族中首次报道了B染色体的存在,已确证了两种(P.macrostegia和D.tienensis).一种尚需进一步确证(O.Larkei). 4)通过对随体位置的系统研究,发现在此族中随体位置具有分类价值. 5)通过对8个种内多倍体、4个多倍体种的研究,表明多倍体分布于较北、海拔较高的地方,而亚洲热带地区的种,则无多倍体,同时在具异基数种类和核型较不对称种类上亦有这种分布特征;在确定了分布的多度中心的基础上,提出喜马拉雅_横断山脉到川西、川南一带是沿阶草属和山麦冬属的近代分化中心. 6)通过染色体结构和数目几个角度的研究,表明球子草属与其他两属在。染色体水平上已发生很大分化,但其属内的分化则不表现在染色体上.其他二属内部则有基数、倍性和核型不对称方面的分化.综观此族,染色体具有由核 型对称向不对称、由二倍体向多倍体、由种内多倍体向多倍体种,由单一基数向种内异基数几个方向进化的趋势. 7)通过对此族的形态观察和分析,提出茎或根状茎分枝方式是属下分类的重要依据;认为本族植物的花序是由圆锥花序简化而来,但残留着圆锥花序特征;并提出了本族花、茎、叶、根几个方面的形态演化趋势. 8)通过对此族二属21种的子房解剖,发现三属均有半下位子房,因而认为子房半下位作为分属检索性状是不合适的.此外还观察到子房着生位置在种内亦有变异,对这种变异的意义进行了探讨. 9)通过此族三属46种2变种的数值分类处理,表明本族由球子草群和沿阶草一山麦冬群两大类群组成,山麦冬属仅是与沿阶草属一个组(葶花组)并列的分类单元,其内部分化较小,而沿阶草属则较大. 10)通过46个性状计算了山麦冬属和沿阶草属共6个广布的“群内总体相 似度”(IOS),表明山麦冬属3个种种内个体之间、种间个体之间的分化很小,且可能有杂交现象,结合染色体资料和分布特征,认为这个属的发生是个相当晚近的事件. 11)本文从形态和染色体角度,认为沿阶草族是一个自然类群;由分支系 统学分析表明,此族由二个单系类群(球子草属和沿阶草属)组成,沿阶草属含两个单系的组,其中各含3个系,山麦冬属为其中一个系.这一结果与数值 分类结果和染色体资料相符. 12)为避免单一分类方法可能导致的不合理结果,本文以自拟的一种综合分类方法,把谱系、进化、分化诸因素均予考虑,得出一个三维图象,以图象 上相对等径的球作为分类依据,得出的结果与分支系统学和数值分类结果基本一致.因此,山麦冬属作为与沿阶草属等阶的分类地位,应予重新考虑. 13)本文最后对这个族的全面修订提出几点建议. 14)此外,本文还描述了沿阶草属4个新种.

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木根麦冬(Ophiopogon xylorrhizus Wang et Dai)属于铃兰科(Convallariaceae)或广义百合科(Liliaceae s.l.)沿阶草族(Ophiopogoneae)沿阶草属(Ophiopogon Ker-Gawl.),属于典型的濒危植物。前人已从细胞学、种群生态学、生殖生物学和遗传结构与多样性等方面对木根麦冬进行了研究,但在分子进化和分子细胞遗传学水平上的研究近为空白。本文运用染色体的荧光原位杂交(FISH)、PCR扩增和克隆、DNA测序、系统发育重建等方法,对18S rDNA作了染色体原位定位,研究了木根麦冬的Ss rRNA基因结构特点,并重建了该基因的系统发育树,探讨了5S rRNA多基因家族的分子进化模式和木根麦冬的濒危机制。主要结果如下: 1.对木根麦冬三个居群七个个体、及其最近姐妹种林生麦冬(Ophiopogon svlvicola Wang et Tang)一个个体的5S rRNA基因进行了PCR扩增和TA克隆,在两个种中共得到1085个具有插入片段的阳性克隆。 2.对木根麦冬三个居群六个个体的294个SS rRNA基因克隆,及林生麦冬一个个体的45个克隆,总计339个克隆进行了DNA序列测定,这是目前已完成的最大的单个物种的5S rRNA数据。结果表明:两个种的序列高度多样化,在339个拷贝中仅仅有13对(3.8%)是相同的,序列长度变化在307bp-548bp之间,长度变异主要发生在间隔区,单个碱基的插入和缺失(indel)频率很高,5bp以上片段的插入,缺失有11个,插入的序列通常是其两侧序列的重复和倒位。术根麦冬序列的分化指数(sequence differentiation index,SDI)是0.078,林生麦冬是0.032,两个物种间是0.149,木根麦冬的序列之间的分化明显大于林生麦冬。 3.以PAUP程序对339个5S rRNA基因拷贝的DNA序列(包括编码区和间隔区)作了系统发育分析,结果如下:在得到一个唯一的最俭约树中,所有木根麦冬的拷贝被聚成一支,而林生麦冬的则被聚到另一支,统计支持率(bootstrap)达到lOO%,表明这两个物种所有的的5S rRNA基因拷贝分别来自各自的一个祖先拷贝(建立者拷贝),而其共同祖先的其它拷贝则在物种形成中或之后丢失:在多基因家族中如此长期而单一的拷贝偏选( sorting)过程尚未有前人报道;由此基因系统发育树可以看出,在这两个物种形成之后,“建立者拷贝”经历了多次扩增过程而形成了一个直系的(orthologous)多基因家族。 4.在木根麦冬分支中,很少有亚分支是全部由一个居群或一个个体的拷贝组成的,不同居群、不同个体的拷贝混合在同一个亚分支中;对基因系统发育树、序列多样性和序列分化指数分析表明,5S rRNA基因家族内一致化(homogeruzation)过程很弱,不同拷贝是独立进化的,这在串联.重复的多拷贝基因家族中是不寻常的;由上述分析我们推测,在术根麦冬的进化历史上,居群间的基因交流远远比今天频繁,可能是某些外在因素在近期发生变化,导致自交和自交衰退,并进而导致濒危。 5.利用荧光原位杂交技术,成功地将18S rRNA基因定位在木根麦冬减数分裂期的染色体上,两对强信号和一对弱信号分别位于三对二价体染色体上。