Preparation of Microporous Membranes by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Impedance Characterization

Polypropylene (PP) microporous membranes were successfully prepared by swift heavy ion irradiation and track-etching. Polypropylene foils were irradiated with Au-197 ions of kinetic energy 11.4 MeV.u(-1) (total energy of 2245.8 MeV) and fluence 1x10(8) ions.cm(-2) at normal incidence. The damaged regions produced by the gold ions along the trajectories were etched in H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7 solutions leading to the formation of cylindrical pores in the membranes. The pore diameters of the PP microporous membranes increased from 380 to 1610 nm as the etching time increased from 5 to 30 min. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the porous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micropores in the membranes were found to be cylindrical in shape, homogeneous in distribution, and equal in size. Some mathematical relations of the porosity of the PP microporous membranes were established by analytic derivation. The microporous membranes were used in lithium-ion batteries to measure their properties as separators. The electrical conductivity of the porous membrane immersed in liquid electrolyte was found to be comparable to that of commercial separators by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the porosity and electrical conductivity were dependent on the ion fluence and etching time. By adjusting these two factors, microporous membranes with good porosity and electrical conductivity were made that met the requirements for commercial use.

重离子辐照制备电池用微孔膜及其阻抗性质；Preparation of Microporous Membranes by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Impedance Characterization

利用离子辐照结合径迹蚀刻方法制备聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜.用加速器产生的单核能为11.4MeV·u-1(总能量2245.8MeV)的197Au离子束辐照PP膜,剂量为1×108ions·cm-2.辐照后PP膜沿离子路径产生损伤区域,用硫酸与重铬酸钾的混合液进行蚀刻(5-30min),制备出孔径为380-1610nm的聚丙烯微孔膜.对膜的表面和断面形貌进行表征,微孔膜的孔径大小及空间分布均匀,孔道上下贯通,形状近似为圆柱形.给出了微孔膜的孔隙率理论公式.将制备的聚丙烯微孔膜用作锂离子电池隔膜,用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测定浸满电解液的微孔膜的离子电导率,并与商用隔膜进行比较.分析表明辐照剂量和孔径大小均会影响膜的孔隙率和离子电导率,选择合适的辐照剂量和蚀刻时间,可以制备出孔隙率和离子电导率符合应用标准的聚丙烯微孔膜.

Analysis of sulfur-containing compounds in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection

This paper reports an analytical method for separating, identifying, and quantifying sulfur-containing compounds in crude oil fraction (IBP-360degreesC) samples based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector. Various sulfur-containing compounds and their groups were analyzed with one direct injection. 3620 peaks were detected including 1722 thiols/thioethers/ disulfides/1-ring thiophenes, 953 benzothiophenes, 704 dibenzothiophenes, and 241 benzonaphthothiophenes. The target sulfur compounds and their groups were identified based on the group separation feature and structured retention of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography as well as standard substances. The quantitative analysis of major sulfur-containing compounds and total sulfur was based on the linear response of the sulfur chemiluminescence detector using the internal standard method. The sulfur contents of target sulfur compounds and their groups in 4 crude oil fractions were also determined. The recoveries for standard sulfur-containing compounds were in the range of 90-102%. The quantitative result of total sulfur in the Oman crude oil fraction sample was compared with those from ASTM D 4294 standard method (total S by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), the relative deviation (RD%) was 4.2% and the precision of the method satisfactory.

大兴安岭林区火烧迹地木腐菌主要类群的初步研究

对大兴安岭林区火烧迹地的 17种主要木腐菌进行了报道 ,并就它们的生态习性和生态功能进行探讨 .通过对火烧林分和非过火林分主要木腐菌类群变化的研究 ,确定在火烧迹地森林生态系统演替过程中的先锋菌物主要有 8种 ,常见菌 4种 ,以及在寒温带针叶林生态系统中的珍稀和濒危的木腐菌 3种 ,并探讨了珍稀或濒危菌物的保护对策 .

区域生态建设与景观生态学的使命

区域和景观尺度上的生态建设是指一定地域、跨生态系统、适用于特定景观类型的生态建设 ,即实行科学的生态系统管理和优化环境的建设工程 .近年来国家实施了一系列重大的生态工程项目 ,如天然林保护工程、部分地区退耕还林还草、内陆河流域的生态调水等 ,取得了显著的效果 .加强区域生态建设 ,维护国土安全已成为国家的战略需求 .依据不同类型区的特点应实行不同的生态建设战略 ,如生态敏感区、脆弱区和高人口密度的生态压力区 ,可分别实施以生态安全保障、生态负荷调整和生态秩序重建为重点的生态建设战略 ,调控人类活动 ,实行有序开发 ,统筹人与自然的和谐发展 .面对转型期的国家需求 ,我国景观生态学的发展迎来了挑战与机遇并存的重要契机 .研究的关键议题包括 :景观生态安全格局 ;土地利用与生态过程 ;人类活动胁迫下的景观变化 ;区域开发人类活动生态影响的定量评价 ;区域生态安全评价与预警 ;景观生态建设的模式设计与优化组合 .

西红柿专用肥添加锌、硼元素及腐植酸的肥效试验研究

<正> 1990～1992年在沈阳市郊区设多点实施西红柿专用肥添加锌、硼元素及腐植酸的试验,经过5茬保护指地(玻璃温室和塑料大棚)西红柿生产试验,证明在果实提早采收、增加产量和产值方面均取得明显效果。

Electrochemical impedance detection of DNA hybridization based on dendrimer modified electrode

Bioactive ultrathin films with the incorporation of amino-terminated G4 PAMAM dendrimers have been prepared via layer-by-layer self-assembly methods on a gold electrode and used for the DNA hybridization analysis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize the successful construction of the multicomponent film on the gold substrate. The dendrimer-modified surfaces improve the immobilization capacity of the probe DNA greatly, compared to the AET (2aminoethanethiol) SAM sensor surfaces without dendrimer molecules. DNA hybridization analysis is monitored by EIS. The dendrimer-based electrochemical impedance DNA biosensor shows high sensitivity and selectivity for DNA hybridization assay. The multicomponent films also display a high stability during repeated regeneration and hybridization cycles.

Spontaneous formation of two-dimensional gold networks at the air-water interface and their application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Two-dimensional (2-D) gold networks were spontaneously formed at the air-water interface after HAuCl4 reacted with fructose at 90 degrees C in a sealed vessel, in a reaction in which fructose acted as both a reducing and a protecting agent. Through fine-tuning of the molar ratio of HAuCl4 to fructose, the thus-formed 2-D gold networks can be changed from a coalesced pattern to an interconnected pattern. In the coalesced pattern, some well-defined single-crystalline gold plates at the micrometer-scale could be seen, while in the interconnected pattern, many sub-micrometer particles and some irregular gold plates instead of well-defined gold plates appeared. It is also found that the 2-D gold networks in the form of an interconnected pattern can be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) because of the strong localized electromagnetic field produced by the gaps between the neighboring particles in the 2-D gold networks.

含铜氧化酶在活性炭上的固定及直接电化学

以吸附的方法将两种具有代表性的含铜氧化酶酪氨酸酶(Tyr)和漆酶(Lac)固定在活性炭粉表面, 结果表明, 活性炭能促进Tyr和Lac的直接电子转移反应, 循环伏安曲线上表现出一对准可逆的氧化还原峰; 式量电位E0' 几乎不随扫速而变化. 进一步的实验结果显示, 固定在活性炭上的Tyr和Lac能保持对O2还原的电催化作用. 本文固定酶的方法具有简单、易于操作和酶活性保持良好等优点, 可用于获得其他生物氧化还原蛋白质和酶的直接电子转移以及制备生物燃料电池电极催化剂.

硫醇自组装膜对金电极上吡咯电化学聚合的影响

用电化学聚合法在多种烷基硫醇自组装膜修饰金电极上制备了聚吡咯 .通过计时安培法、循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术研究了自组装膜的烷基链长和端基功能团对吡咯聚合过程和性质的影响 .当自组装膜较完美时 ,聚吡咯沉积在自组装膜表面 ;而当自组装膜有一定缺陷时 ,吡咯在针孔处成核 ,然后继续生长并完全覆盖在自组装膜表面 .研究结果表明 ,烷基硫醇的链越短 ,吡咯聚合越容易 ;疏水的烷基硫醇自组装膜有利于聚吡咯在电极表面的生长.

用双色三光子共振光电离光谱法测量铀原子奇宇称高激发态能级

数以千计的铀原子能级正在发现之中,但铀原子光谱复杂,给测定工作带来很多困难。绝大多数铀原子能级信息是在常规光源中(如空心阴极或无电极放电灯)由发射或者吸收光谱分析所获得,其光谱数据大多数属于铀原子低能级和中间态能级,高激发态极少。近几年来利

Regulation of autoinducer 2 production and luxS expression in a pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda strain

Edwardsiella tarda is a bacterial pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. TX1, an Ed. tarda strain isolated from diseased fish, was found to produce autoinducer 2 (Al-2)-like activity that was growth phase dependent and modulated by growth conditions. The gene coding for the Al-2 synthase was cloned from TX1 and designated luxS(Et). LuxS(Et) was able to complement the Al-2 mutant phenotype of Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha. Expression Of luxS(Et) correlated with Al-2 activity and was increased by glucose and decreased by elevated temperature. The effect of glucose was shown to be mediated through the cAMP-CRP complex, which repressed luxS(Et) expression. Overexpression of luxS(Et) enhanced Al-2 activity in TX1, whereas disruption of luxS(Et) expression by antisense RNA interference (i) reduced the level of Al-2 activity, (ii) impaired bacterial growth under various conditions, (iii) weakened the expression of genes associated with the type III secretion system and biofilm formation, and (iv) attenuated bacterial virulence. Addition of exogenous Al-2 was able to complement the deficiencies in the expression of TTSS genes and biofilm production but failed to rescue the growth defects. Our results (i) demonstrated that the Al-2 activity in TX1 is controlled at least in part at the level of luxS(Et) expression, which in turn is regulated by growth conditions, and that the temporal expression of luxS(Et) is essential for optimal bacterial infection and survival; and (ii) suggested the existence in Ed. tarda of a LuxS/Al-2-mediated signal transduction pathway that regulates the production of virulence-associated elements.