Effect of the nucleating agent 1,3 : 2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol on the gamma phase content of propylene/ethylene copolymer

The influence of the concentration of a nucleating agent (NA), namely 1,3:2,4-di(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS), on the gamma phase content in a propylene/ethylene copolymer was investigated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Small- Angle X-ray Scatter (SAXS) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM).

catena-Poly[diammonium [diaquabis(pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylato-kappa N-2,O-2)cuprate(II)] [[diaquacopper(II)]-mu-pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylato-kappa N-3,O-2:O-2 '-[tetraaquacadmium(II)]-mu-pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylato-kappa O-3(2):N,O-2 '] hexahydrate]

The title mixed-metal complex, {(NH4)(2)[Cu(C7H3NO4)(2)(H2O)(2)][CdCu(C7H3NO4)(2)(H2O)(6)]center dot 6H(2)O}(n), contains one octahedrally coordinated Cd-II center and two octahedrally coordinated Cu-II centers, each lying on an inversion center. The two Cu-II atoms are each coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms from two 2,4-pydc (2,4-H(2)pydc = pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid) ligands in the equatorial plane and two water molecules at the axial sites, thus producing two crystallographically independent [Cu(2,4-pydc)(2)(H2O)(2)](2-) metalloligands. One metalloligand exists as a discrete anion and the other connects the Cd(H2O)(4) units, forming a neutral chain.

Microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of high-pressure die-cast Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr (x=1, 2, 4, 6) alloys

Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr (x = 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt.%) magnesium alloys were prepared successfully by the high-pressure die-casting technique. The microstructures, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior as well as strengthening mechanism were investigated. The die-cast alloys were mainly composed of small equiaxed dendrites and the matrix. The fine rigid skin region was related to the high cooling rate and the aggregation of alloying elements, such as Pr. With the Pr content increasing, the alpha-Mg grain sizes were reduced gradually and the amounts of the Al2Pr phase and All, Pr-3 phase which mainly concentrated along the grain boundaries were increased and the relative volume ratio of above two phases was changed. Considering the performance-price ratio, the Pr content added around 4 wt.% was suitable to obtain the optimal mechanical properties which can keep well until 200 degrees C as well as good corrosion resistance. The outstanding mechanical properties were mainly attributed to the rigid casting surface layer, grain refinement, grain boundary strengthening obtained by an amount of precipitates as well as solid solution strengthening.

Alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide catalyzed by (R,R)-SalenCo(III)-(2,4-dinitrophenoxy) and Lewis-basic cocatalyst

A binary catalyst system of a chiral (R,R)-SalenCo(III)(2,4-dinitrophenoxy) (salen = N,N-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diphenylethylenediimine) in conjunction with (4-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) was developed to generate the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and racemic propylene oxide (rac-PO). The influence of the molar ratio of catalyst components, the operating temperature, and reaction pressure on the yield as well as the molecular weight of polycarbonate were systematically investigated. High yield of turnover frequency (TOF) 501.2 h(-1) and high molecular weight of 70,400 were achieved at an appropriate combination of all variables. The structures of as-prepared products were characterized by the IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR measurements. The linear carbonate linkage, highly regionselectivity and almost 100% carbonate content of the resulting polycarbonate were obtained with the help of these effective catalyst systems under facile conditions.

Thia-michael addition reactions in water using 3-[Bis(alkylthio) methylene]pentane-2,4-diones as odorless and efficient thiol equivalents

3-[Bis(ethylthio)methylene]pentane-2,4-dione (1a) and 3-[bis(benzylthio)methylene]pentane-2,4-dione (1b) have been investigated as non-thiolic and odorless thiol equivalents in thia-Michael addition reactions. In the presence of aqueous p-dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), compound (1) was cleaved and the generated thiols underwent facile conjugate addition to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones 2 in-situ, affording the corresponding beta-keto sulfides (3) in good yields.

Supramolecular isomerism in zinc hydroxide coordination polymers with pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: Two polymorphs with centrosymmetric two-dimensional and acentric three-dimensional coordination networks

Reactions of Zn(BF4)(2) and pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2,4-pydcH(2)) in the presence of 1,2-bis( 4-pyridyl) ethylene or 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane under hydro(solvo) thermal conditions yielded two polymorphic metal-organic coordination polymers formulated as Zn-2(OH)(2)(2,4-pydc) (1 and 2). Polymorph 1 features a two-dimensional (2-D) layer-like structure that is constructed by 2,4-pydc ligands bridging between the Zn-OH-Zn double-chain units. Each single Zn-OH-Zn chain is composed of mu(2)-OH groups connecting trigonal bipyramidal and tetrahedral Zn centers. Polymorph 2 is a 3-D coordination polymer containing 2-D Zn-OH-Zn sheets that consist of mu(2)- and mu(3)-OH groups and trigonal bipyramidal Zn centers. The sheets are pillared by 2,4-pydc ligands to form an acentric structural architecture. 1 and 2 are rare examples that the two polymorphs exhibit a centrosymmetric 2-D coordination network and an acentric 3-D coordination network, respectively. The different structures lead to differences in photoluminescent properties and thermal stabilities for 1 and 2.

成核剂1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)-D山梨醇对PET/PEN共混体系结构和结晶形态影响

利用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、正交偏光显微镜研究了成核剂 1,3 :2 ,4-二 (亚苄基 ) -D山梨醇(DBS)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) /聚 2 ,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PEN)共混体系的结构及结晶形态的影响。结果表明 :成核剂的加入 ,使PET/PEN共混体系熔融起始温度升高 10℃左右 ,结晶峰形变尖锐 ,说明加入成核剂后有效促进了PET/PEN共混体系的结晶。实验结果表明 :成核剂含量低于 1%时 ,PET/PEN共混体系晶体的球晶完整。成核剂含量大于 3 %时 ,PET/PEN /DBS共混体系晶体的球晶碎小。成核剂的加入 ,能够有效地减小球晶尺寸和降低球晶的完善性

Adsorption of heavy rare earth(III) with extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid

In the present paper, the adsorption of thulium(Ill) from chloride medium on an extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (CL302, HL) has been studied. The results show that 1.5 h is enough for the adsorption equilibrium. The distribution coefficients are determined as a function of the acidity of the aqueous phase and the data are analyzed both graphically and numerically. The plots of log D versus pH give a straight line with a slope of about 3, indicating that 3 protons are released in the adsorption reaction of thulium(III). The content of Cyanex302 in the resin is determined to be 48.21%. The total amount of Tm3+ adsorbed up to resin saturation is determined to be 82.46 mg Tm3+/g resin. Therefore, the sorption reactions of Tm3+ from chloride medium with CL302 can be described as: Tm3+ + 3HL((r)) <----> TmL3(r) + 3H(+) The Freundlich's isothermal adsorption equation is also determined as: log Q = 0.73 log C + 3.05 The amounts (Q) of Tm3+ adsorbed with the resin have been studied at different temperatures (15-40degreesC) at fixed concentrations of Tm3+, amounts of extraction resin, ion strength and acidities in the aqueous phase.

Synergistic extraction of rare earths by mixture of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and Sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

Synergistic extraction of trivalent rare earths (RE=Sc, Y, La, Gd, Yb) from hydrochloride medium using mixture of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (HL, Cyanex272) and Sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (HA, CA-100) in n-heptane has been studied. The synergistic enhancement coefficients were observed for La (1.30), Gd (1.97), Y (3.59), Yb (8.21) and Sc (14.41). The results indicated yttrium was extracted into n-heptane as YH(5)A(4)L(4) mixed species instead of Y(HL2)(3), Y(OH)(2)A(HA)(3) which were extracted by Cyanex272 and CA-100, respectively. A cation exchange mechanism was proposed and further clarified by IR spectra. The equilibrium constants, formation constants and thermodynamic functions such as Delta G, Delta H and Delta S were determined. The Cyanex272 + CA-100 system not only enhanced the extraction efficiency of RE but also improved the selectivities significantly. The mutual separation factors of these ions suggested the mixture system would be of practical value in extraction and separation of rare earths.

Syntheses and properties of novel polyimides derived from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminopyrimidine

2-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-aminopyrimidine (4) is synthesized via a condensation reaction of vinamidium salts and amidine chloride salts, followed by hydrazine palladium catalyzed reduction. A series of novel homo- and copolyimides containing pyrimidine unit are prepared from the diamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tertracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) via a conventional two-step thermal imidization method. The poly(amic acid) precursors had inherent viscosities of 0.97-4.38 dL/g (c = 0.5 g/dL, in DMAc, 30 degrees C) and all of them could be cast and thermally converted into flexible and tough polyimide films. All of the polyimides showed excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. The glass transition temperatures of the resulting polyimides are in the range of 307-434 degrees C and the 10% weight loss temperature is in the range of 556-609 degrees C under air. The polyimide films possess strength at break in the range of 185-271 MPa, elongations at break in the range of 6.8-51%, and tensile modulus in the range of 3.5-6.46 GPa. The polymer films are insoluble in common organic solvents, exhibiting high chemical resistance.

Kinetics and mechanism of Yb(III) extraction and separation from Y(III) with mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester

The ytterbium(III) extraction kinetics and mechanism with mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex272) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) dissolved in heptane have been investigated by constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The effects of the stirring rate, temperature, extractant concentration, and pH on the extraction with mixtures of Cyanex272 and P507 have been studied. The results are compared with those of the system with Cyanex272 or P507 alone. It is concluded that the Yb(III) extraction rate is enhanced with mixtures extractant of Cyanex272 and P507 according to their values of the extraction rate constant, which is due to decreasing the activation energy of the mixtures. At the same time, the mixtures exhibits no synergistic effects for Y(III), which provides better possibilities for Yb(III) and Y(III) separations at a proper conditions than anyone alone. Moreover, thermodynamic extraction separation Yb(III) and Y(III) by the mixtures has been discussed, which agrees with kinetics results. Extraction rate equations have also been obtained, and through the approximate solutions of the flux equation, diffusion parameters and thickness of the diffusion film have been calculated.

2-(4-chloroanilino)carbonylmethyl piperidine-1-carbodithioate

The crystal structure of the title compound, C14H17ClN2OS2, is stabilized by intermolecular N-(HS)-S-... hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions.

3{1-[2-(-3-羟基-1-甲基-2-亚丁烯氨基)-苯亚氨基]-乙基}4-甲硫基-2,4-戊二烯-2-醇的不对称Schiff碱镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构和性质

由 5-(2-乙酰基-1-甲硫基-3-羰基-亚丁基)-丙二酸亚异丙酯 (1)与邻苯二胺及乙酸镍()经一步反应合成了3{1-[2-( -3-羟基-1-甲基-2-亚丁烯氨基)-苯亚氨基 ]-乙基} 4-甲硫基-2,4-戊二烯-2-醇(3)的不对称四齿 Schiff碱镍()配合物(2),X射线衍射结果表明,配合物 2属单斜晶系,P21/C空间群.a=1.1476(2)nm,b=1.1782(2)nm,c=1.4810(3)nm;β=111.73(2)°,V=1.8602(7)nm3,Z=4,Rf=0.0535.电化学(循环伏安)测定结果表明,该配合物在测定条件下(阳极峰电位为1.1)发生了不可逆的氧化-还原反应.

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of a hybrid material based on [Co-4(phen)(8)(H2O)(2)(HPO3)(2)](4+) and a highly reduced polyoxoanion

An unusual composite hybrid material [Co-4 (phen)(8) (H2O)(2) (HPO3)(2)](H3O)(3) [PMo8VI V-4(IV) O-40 ((VO)-O-IV) 2] 1 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NH4VO3, Na2MoO4.2H(2)O, CoCl2.6H(2)O, phen, H3PO3 and water. It was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, XPS, EPR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound is constructed from the organic-inorganic hybrid [Co-4(phen)(8)(H2O)(2) (HPO3)(2)](4+) and highly reduced bi-capped pseudo-Keggin [(PMo8V4O40)-V-VI-O-IV ((VO)-O-IV)(2)](7-) polyoxoanions The structure exhibits an extended 2D network through hydrogen bonds among cations, anions and H2O, combining polyoxometalates with metal phosphonates for the first time.

A novel one-dimensional manganese phosphomolybdate with rectangular cavities: [H3N(CH2)(4)NH3] (H3O)(2){[Mn(phen)(2)](4) [(MnMo12O30)-O-v(HPO4)(6)(H2PO4)2} center dot 4H(2)O

A novel manganese phosphomolybdate, [H3N(CH2)(4)NH3](H3O)(2){[Mn(phen)(2)](4)[(MnMovO30)-O-12(HPO4)(6)(H2PO4)(2)]} . 4H(2)O 1, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal data: triclinic, P (1) over bar, a = 14.172(7) Angstrom, b = 16.547(2) Angstrom, c = 16.679(3) Angstrom, alpha = 62.881(12)degrees, beta = 73.83(3)degrees, gamma = 88.81(3)degrees. X-ray crystallography shows that the [Mn(phen)(2)] fragments are covalently bonded to the [Mn(Mo6P4)(2)] dimers leading to a one-dimensional chain with rectangular cavities occupied by tetramethylene-diamine cations and water molecules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.