强流高电荷态Pb离子束的产生与优化研究(英文)

随着原子物理及表面物理研究的发展,高电荷态金属离子束的需求日益增多.近来,在中国科学院近代物理研究所14.5GHzLECR3离子源实验平台上,以炉子法产生的铅离子束作为研究对象,进行了一系列ECR离子源关键参数(如:磁场、炉子功率、掺气等)影响高电荷态铅离子束产额的实验研究,在此基础上,调整优化了LECR3离子源的状态参数,从而获得了强流高电荷态铅离子束18eμA207pb30+和6.7eμA207pb37+.

不同利用方式对潮棕壤比表面影响的研究

对中国科学院沈阳生态实验站潮棕壤水稻田、玉米地、撂荒地和人工林地4种土地利用方式经过14年后在0~150 cm土体10个土层中土壤比表面的剖面分布进行比较研究的结果表明,不同土地利用方式及不同深度土层土壤比表面差异显著,除林地0~5 cm表层外,4种土地利用方式在80 cm以内深度的土层中土壤比表面随剖面深度增加呈渐次增大的趋势,说明林地表层高有机碳积累对土壤比表面增加可能产生了重要影响。150 cm深度土壤比表面平均值为林地>玉米地>撂荒地>水稻田。土壤比表面与土壤风干含水量及交换性盐基总量呈极显著正相关关系:水稻田、玉米地、撂荒地、林地中土壤比表面与风干含水量相关系数分别为0.767、0.911、0.943、0.953(n=30,P<0.001);与土壤交换性盐基总量的相关系数分别为0.877、0.978、0.673、0.780(n=30,P<0.001)。不同利用方式下土壤比表面与土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮呈显著负相关关系,与土壤pH、硫、磷之间的关系因土地利用方式不同而具有一定的差异。研究结果表明,土壤比表面可作为指征不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质影响的可行的土壤物理学指标,测定不同土壤的比表面可以基本反映出土壤交换性能的差异。

腐植酸成就三十年祝词

<正>腐植酸是土壤肥力的挚友。腐植酸进入于食物链,让土壤更肥沃,让食物更安全,让生活更美好。腐植酸的羧基、酚羟基、醌基等活性基团,决定了腐植酸具有弱酸性、亲水性、离子

沙棘的水土保持功能及其在治理和开发黄土高原中的作用(英文)

研究表明 ,5～ 7年生沙棘林冠层可截留降水 8 5%～ 4 9 0 % ,并降低雨滴动能 ;枯枝落叶层重5 4 6t·hm- 2 ,其最大持水量可达 15 31t·hm- 2 ,有 1cm厚枯枝落叶层覆盖地表 ,即可基本控制水土流失 ;根系可以提高土壤的抗冲性和抗蚀性 ,与无根系土壤相比 ,可减少土壤冲刷量 55%～ 88% .据1988～ 1994年雨季径流小区测定 ,沙棘林在栽植后 4～ 5年可充分发挥水土保持作用 ,与农地相比 ,可减少地表径流量 87 1% ,减少土壤流失量 99 0 % .此外 ,它还可以每 4～ 5年提供薪材 10～ 30t·hm- 2 ,提高土壤中有机质和氮素含量 115%和 90 % ,生产沙棘果实 50 0kg·hm- 2 .所有这些表明了沙棘在治理黄土高原水土流失和改善人民生活条件 ,在实现由“恶性循环”向“良性循环”转变等方面 ,具有十分重要的作用 .目前 ,黄土地区已建立起若干利用沙棘固坡、防洪、解决燃料短缺和综合治理小流域的成功典型

千山油松年轮宽度年表的建立及其与气候的关系

以千山油松为样本,建立了年轮宽度标准化年表、差值年表和自回归年表.结果表明,油松年轮宽度与5—7和9—11月温度指标的相关性较高,且与低温呈正相关,其中与7月的极端最低温、9月的平均最低温显著相关.3种年表与上年12月和当年1月的极端最低温、1月的平均最低温呈显著相关,且其与全年、上年12月、当年5月的降水量显著相关,与4月的降水量极显著相关.油松与水汽压、相对湿度的月和年指标均有较强的相关性.蒸发的年指标和绝大部分月指标对油松生长具有负效应,其中4—7月最明显.油松年表的窄化突变佐证了1800年以来的30次主要的旱灾年历史记录.千山油松的生长受全球或半球尺度气候变化的影响.年表与太阳活动存在显著的11、23和50年左右的公共周期,与地磁指标在10、20和45年左右存在共同的周期变化.

云南碧塔海自然保护区生态旅游开发模式研究

Bita lake provincial natural reserve is located in Shangri La region of North western Yunnan,and was set as a demonstrating area for ecotourism exploitation in 1998.After a year's exploitation construction and half a year's operation as a branch of the 99' Kunming International Horticulture Exposition to accept tourists,it was proved that the ecotourism demonstrating area attained four integrated functions of ecotourism,i.e,tourism,protection,poverty clearing and environment education.Five exploitation and management models including function zoned exploitation model, featured tourism communication model signs system designing model,local Tibetan family reception model and environmental monitoring model,were also successful,which were demonstrated and spreaded to the whole province.Bita lake provincial natural reserve could be a good sample for the ecotourism exploitation natural reserves of the whole country.

Effects of thermal annealing on polymer photovoltaic cells with buffer layers and in situ formation of interfacial layer for enhancing power conversion efficiency

We have investigated the effects of thermal annealing before and after cathode deposition on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend photovoltaic cells with different cathode buffer layers. The introduction of cathode buffer layer such as lithium fluoride (LiF) and calcium oxide (CaO) in pre-annealing cells can increase the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Post thermal annealing after cathode deposition further enhanced the PCE of the cells with LiF/Al cathode.

A study of cokes used as anodic materials in lithium ion rechargeable batteries

A variety of cokes pretreated at different temperatures are used as anodic materials and their electrochemical characteristics are examined by cyclic voltammetry. It is found that for some cokes such as petroleum coke (preheated at 1300 degrees C), pitch coke (1300 degrees C), needle coke (1900 degrees C), metallurgical coke (1900 degrees C), high capacity and cyclic efficiency are achieved. Needle coke (1900 degrees C) and metallurgical coke (1900 degrees C) in particular give a capacity of over 200 mAh/g and a cyclic efficiency of nearly 100%, whereas poor performance is exhibited by those pretreated at higher or lower temperatures, e.g., petroleum cokes (500 degrees C, 2800 degrees C), pitch coke (500 degrees C) and needle coke (2800 degrees C). The cyclic voltammograms show two electrochemical processes, one at about 0.1 V vs. Li+/Li which is electrochemically reversible, and may be attributed to the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions while the other, at about 0.6 V vs. Li+/Li, is electrochemically irreversible and may be assigned to the decomposition of the electrolyte solvent, which leads to formation of the passive film on the anode surface. The experimental results strongly suggest that the pretreatment temperature of cokes and of the solvent are determining factors for the growth, structure and properties of the passive film.

Electron Transfer and its Equilibrium between Eu and Tb in SrMgF4 System

Emission of europium(II) and europium(III) have been observed in SrMgF4 xEu, yTb phosphors winch are synthesized in Ar flow. The valence state of En is influenced by terbium, It is noted that the intensities of the ESR peaks corresponding to Eu2+ are increased when terbium ion is codopech this can be explained by electron transfer mechanism which is Eu3++Tb3+-->Eu2++Tb4+. And its equilibrium constant is calculated.

氟化镁锶中铕和铽的电荷迁移及其平衡解析

在氩气氛中，合成了SrMgF4：xEu，yTb复合组化物磷光体．该体系中Eu3+和Eu2+共存．随共掺入Tb浓度的增加，Eu3+的荧光发射强度降低，Eu2+的发光增强；并且Eu2+的ESR信号增强．认为Eu3+和Tb3+之间存在电荷迁移．即Eu3+＋Tb3+→Eu2+＋Tb4+.通过半定量手段研究了这一电荷迁移反应的平衡常数

铀原子单色三光子共振电离光谱研究

铀电离电位较高,为49958cm~(-1)。若一个铀原子从它的基态或者低亚稳态进行电离,在可见波长范围内至少需要连续吸收三个光子。当单色激光与铀原子蒸汽发生作用时,铀原子可连续吸收三个相同波长的光子而电离,但这种非共振吸收电离截面很小。与此相反,共振电离截面很大。如果激光连续扫描,当激光频率与铀原子能级发生共振,对应于共振吸收波长位置