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Natl Tech Univ Ukraine, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan Univ, Ternopil Natl Econ Univ, IEEE Ukraine Sect, I&M CI Joint Chapter

陕北黄土高原植被区划及与林草建设的关系

在陕北黄土高原 ,根据植被的地理分布、植物区系背景、环境条件的地理变化及造林种草实践 ,从南至北可划分为落叶阔叶林区、森林草原区和干草原、沙化草原区。以延安一线为界 ,南部为森林地区 ,北部为草原地区 ;再以长城沿线为界 ,南部为森林草原区 ,北部为干草原、沙化草原区。延安一线和长城沿线为两条重要的生态分界线 ,就是这两条生态线把陕北黄土高原划分为森林、森林草原及干草原、沙化草原三个植被区。植被区划是造林种草的理论依据之一 ,陕北黄土高原的种树种草应遵循这两条生态线 ,使其与植被分区相符合

脲酶/硝化抑制剂在土壤N转化过程中的作用

综述了脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对土壤氮的转化过程:尿素水解过程、硝化过程、硝酸盐淋溶过程、反硝化过程、微生物固持过程、N矿化过程及气体挥发过程的影响和抑制剂的作用机理,并提出今后研究的发展方向,为今后如何施用抑制剂来提高土壤中氮素利用率和减少环境污染提供一定的参考价值。

生态旅游及其规划与管理研究综述

生态旅游是新兴的旅游形式和思想 ,是应用生态学研究的一个领域 ,为旅游学界、生态学界及其它相关学科所关注。因此较为系统地讨论了生态旅游的产生、定义、特点与理论基础等基本问题 ,分别阐述了生态旅游者、生态旅游资源、生态旅游业、生态旅游环境等 4个要素的研究概况 ,重点分析了生态旅游规划与管理的研究现状 ,还归纳了生态旅游发展中应注意的问题 ,在以上基础上 ,总结了生态旅游研究的特点 ,并对研究方向作了评述。

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using Cs-137 tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the Cs-137 tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the Cs-137 inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63 +/- 44.91 to 1279.54 +/- 166.53 Bq.m(-2), and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t.km(-2).a(-1) accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.

Analysis of Saponins from Leaves of Aralia elata by Liquid Chromatography and Multi-stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Four saponins were isolated from the leaves of Aralia elata, and established using NMR and other spectroscopic methods, as well as data reported in the literature. Three Aralia saponins from the leaves of Aralia elata sharing the same structures as those isolated from the root bark suggested that the leaves would be a good substitute for the root bark of Aralia elata. These four Aralia saponins were then extensively investigated using complementarily positive and negative electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). Two isomers of saponins with different sugar linkages were then successfully differentiated by positive ESI-MSn and verified with different retention times and the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra by LC-MS. A simple and effective LC-MS method was thus developed for the rapid identification and screening of these saponins in plant extracts from leaves of Aralia elata.

含苯并咪唑基配体的稀土配合物的合成、结构及量子化学研究

合成了未见文献报道的N,N,N',N'-四[(2-苯并咪唑)甲基]乙二胺的丁基取代衍生物(BuEDTB)与稀土硝酸盐的配合物[M(BuEDTB)(NO3)2]·NO3·4H2O[M=La(1),Eu(2),Tb(3)],并用X射线衍射法测定了1的结构.晶体属三方晶系,空间群P3221,晶胞参数a=1.41353(9)nm,c=2.6264(4)nm;V=4.5447(9)nm3,Dc=1.189g/cm3,Z=3,F(000)=1686,μ=0.758 mm-1,R=0.0562,wR=0.1488.乙二胺上两个N原子及四个苯并咪唑各有一个N原子参与配位,两个硝酸根以双齿形式与稀土离子配位,第三个硝酸根不与金属离子配位.用ab initio HF方法研究了BuEDTB的电子结构.

Preparation and layer-by-layer self-assembly of positively charged multiwall carbon nanotubes

The report described a method of more stably dispersing oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by forming complex with polycation and the layer-by-layer self-assembly behavior of the complex with polyanion was studied. The properties of the self-assembled multilayer film containing carbon nanotubes were studied. Cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of film assembly. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry study indicated the uniform growth of the film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that incorporating of carbon nanotubes in the polyelectrolyte multilayers; decreased in the electron-transfer resistance R, indicating more favorable electrochemical reaction interface. The electrocatalytic property of the multilayer modified electrode to NADH was investigated mainly with different numbers of the bilayers; and the results showed that along with the increase of the assembled bilayers the overpotential of NADH oxidation decreased. The detection lit-nit Could reach 6 mu M at a detection potential of 0.4 V.

Use of lanthanide metal complexes for the hydrolysis of 3 ',5 '- and 2 ',3 ' cyclic nucleotides

Lutetium(III) and lanthanum(III) complexes of 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) can hydrolyze the phosphodiester linkage of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 3',5'-cyclic deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dcAMP) and 2',3'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (2',3'-cAMP). Both cAMP and dcAMP are hydrolyzed with high selectivity, yielding predominantly 3'-monophosphates. 2',3'-cAMP is converted to 3'-AMP and 2'-AMP, the ratio of 3'-AMP to 2'-AMP produced being 1.4.

Synthesis and characterization of a new double-cubane Mo-Fe-S cluster compound, [NEt(4)](3)[Mo2Fe6S8(mu-OMe)(3)(SPh)(3)Cl-3]

The new double-cubane cluster compound [NEt(4)](3)[Mo2Fe6S8(mu-OMe)(3)(SPh)(3)Cl-3] is synthesized from (NH4)(2)MoS4, FeCl3, Fe powder, S powder, NaSPh and NEt(4)Br in MeOH-DMF, its crystal structure is determined by X-ray crystallography, and results of XPS indicate a valence state of +4 for Mo.

Assessment of genetic diversities of selected Laminaria (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) gametophytes by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to assess genetic diversity among 10 pairs of male and female Laminaria gametophytes. A total of 58 amplification loci was obtained from 10 selected ISSR primers, of which 34 revealed polymorphism among the gametophytes. Genetic distances were calculated with the Dice coefficient ranging from 0.006 to 0.223. A dendrogram based on the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic (UPGMA) average showed that most male and female gametophytes of the same species were clustered together and that 10 pairs of gametophytes were divided into four groups. This was generally consistent with the taxonomic categories. The main group consisted of six pairs of gametophytes, which were selected from Laminaria japonica Aresch. by intensive inbreeding through artificial hybridization. One specific marker was cloned, but was not converted successfully into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of applying ISSR markers to evaluate Laminaria germplasm diversities.

红树林植物海榄雌化学成分研究

本论文对红树林植物海榄雌的化学成分进行了研究，对其中分离得到的部分化合物进行了初步的生物活性筛选。 海榄雌采自海南东寨港，样品干燥后用氯仿甲醇（1：1）浸泡提取，合并提取物，先后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取。得到石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相。 各部分采用常规的硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、半制备HPLC以及重结晶等手段分离得到28个化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术(IR、UV、ESI-MS、FAB-MS、HR-FAB-MS、1D-NMR、2D-NMR等)，确定了其中20个化合物的结构，其中包括2个新化合物：化合物A1 2′-O-(5-phenyl-2E, 4E-pentadienoyl)mussaenosidic acid和化合物A2 2′-O-(p-methoxycinnamoyl)mussaenosidic acid，以及13个首次从海榄雌中报道的化合物。 对得到的20个化合物A1－A20进行了DPPH自由基清除活性筛选，化合物A4、A5、A6和A16表现出较好的活性，其IC50分别为9.61 μg/mL、8.55 μg/mL、11.72 μg/mL和7.73 μg/mL；化合物A13和A15表现出中等强度的DPPH自由基清除活性，其IC50分别为34.80 μg/mL和44.90 μg/mL；其他化合物只表现出微弱活性，其IC50均大于100 μg/mL；阳性对照BHT的IC50为18.00 μg/mL。 对分离得到的部分样品进行了抑菌活性测试，各样品在测试浓度下对测试菌均未表现出明显的抑菌活性。

AFLP-based genetic linkage maps of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used for genome mapping in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. Seventeen selected primer combinations produced 1106 peaks, of which 384 (34.7%) were polymorphic in a backcross family. Among the polymorphic markers, 349 were segregating through either the female or the male parent. Chi-square analysis indicated that 255 (73.1%) of the markers segregated in a Mendelian ratio, and 94 (26.9%) showed significant (P < 0.05) segregation distortion. Separate genetic linkage maps were constructed for the female and male parents. The female framework map consisted of 119 markers in 11 linkage groups, spanning 1030.7 cM, with an average interval of 9.5 cM per marker. The male map contained 96 markers in 10 linkage groups, covering 758.4 cM, with 8.8 cM per marker. The estimated genome length of the Pacific oyster was 1258 cM for the female and 933 cM for the male, and the observed coverage was 82.0% for the female map and 81.3% for the male map. Most distorted markers were deficient for homozygotes and closely linked to each other on the genetic map, suggesting the presence of major recessive deleterious genes in the Pacific oyster.

唐古特大黄叶柄的营养成分分析

对唐古特大黄植物地上部分基生和茎生叶柄的常规营养成分及维生素C、氨基酸、无机元素和有机酸进行了分析，结果表明，叶柄蛋白质含量较高，为5.84%，氨基酸组成全面，含量丰富；含有丰富的人体必需无机元素和较高含量的苹果酸。