~(14)C标记1,2,7,8-TCDD在鲤体内分布及代谢的初步研究

利用14C标记1,2,7,8-四氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,7,8Tetrachloro[U—14C]dibenzodioxin,14C1,2,7,8TCDD)初步研究了其在鲤体内的分布和代谢规律。14C1,2,7,8-TCDD溶解于丙酮/植物油中,腹腔暴露。暴露1、2、4、8、12d后取样,肝脏、胆汁、腹腔脂肪等消化制样后用液闪仪测量放射性活度。肝脏和胆汁内的放射性活度同步变化,都是第8d达到峰值后下降。腹腔脂肪内1—2d放射性明显高于随后取样的样品。肝和腹腔脂肪的分布量之比呈现“S”型变化趋势。暴露4d

以RAPD方法分析岩原鲤分类地位

采用opaopoopq等系列44个随机引物对鲤亚科与亚科的几个种类进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)扩增,通过对电泳结果进行系统分析,得出各种间遗传距离分支图.按节点的遗传距离最大数值0.232可以分出亲缘关系最远的两个群体,即由两种普通鲤为一群体,以及由岩原鲤、倒刺和白甲鱼组成的另一群体.从节点间遗传距离数值叠加计算可以得出岩原鲤与其他各种鱼类亲缘关系,遗传距离由近到远分别是:岩原鲤与倒刺(0.344)<岩原鲤与白甲鱼(0.388)<岩原鲤与普通鲤(0.443),岩原鲤与倒刺的遗传距离最小,这一

免疫组化法检测美国青蛙组织中的蛙虹彩病毒

分不同时间 ,收集经人工感染了蛙病毒的样蛙 ,取其心、肺、肾、肠、脾、肝六种组织 ,并通过免疫组化方法进行检测。结果分别在感染了病毒 3d、9d、1 1d后的幼蛙这六种组织中 ,由表及里观察到了深色的阳性信号 ,从而测定了病毒在入侵组织中的存在部位。其中 ,肺和肠组织中阳性信号最强 ,呈灶性分布 ,其余四种组织中的阳性信号则呈散在分布。在未注射病毒的幼蛙阴性对照组六种组织中没有检测到阳性信号。

宁夏沙坡头地区藻类及其分布

通过野外采样，室内培养、观察、鉴定。研究了沙坡头地区藻类多样性和分布特点，并为当地藻类资源利用提出建议．研究发现沙坡头地区藻类植物共计40种（包括1变型），其中蓝藻17种，绿藻10种，硅藻9种，裸藻4种，全为普生种，陆地生境中种类最丰富．亚气及陆地生境中蓝藻在种类数（除灌溉林地结皮）、生物量方面占主导地位；贫瘠水体生境中硅藻占主要地位，营养较丰富水体中绿藻处于优势地位．另外，陆生生境中多以具鞘微鞘藻Microcoleusvaginatus为优势种，小席藻Phormidiumtenue为主要种．

黄河中游土壤藻类的种类组成与土壤肥力的关系

在中国科学院封丘农业实验站研究了粘土、沙壤上、轻壤上等土壤中的藻类组成、分布和营养需求．结果表明共有56个种，其中分离纯化了33个种．藻类物种多样性随土壤中有机肥料或无机N．P．K肥的增多而增加．相同的种类在不同时间有不同的营养需求，可以据此阐明土壤藻类群落组成变化与土壤肥力的关系．

流域生态学——新学科、新思想、新途径

在评述流域生态学定义、来源及有关认识的基础上，论述了流域生态学作为一门学科的意义和主要研究内容．文章认为流域生态学的研究与应用是流域社会、经济可持续发展的有效途径，有必要尽快地系统开展相关研究

长鳍吻(鱼句)年龄和生长的研究

对443尾长鳍吻鮈标本作了年龄和生长研究。用鳞片鉴定年龄并退算鱼的生长.得出体长与鳞径、体长与体重的相关式及生长方程。体重生长拐点在2.2龄。限制捕捞3龄以下个体,有利于资源增殖.

满江红鱼腥藻的异养生理

设计了一个经机械处理而获得蓝藻无菌培养物的方法,利用这一方法获得满江红鱼腥藻(Anabaena azollae)的无菌培养物。满江红鱼腥藻的无菌培养物能以果糖、葡萄糖或者蔗糖为底物,在黑暗中进行化能异养生长。将适应了光能自养生长的培养物转移至黑暗中异养生长时,以NaNO_3为氮源时的生长速率比以空气中的氮气为氮源时高;然而适应了化能异养生长的培养物以空气中的氮气为氮源时生长更佳。搅拌促进生长。满江红鱼腥藻在黑暗中生长半年后,叶绿素a的含量降至光照下生长时的1/3-1/4。满江红鱼腥藻在5500勒克斯光照下

Relationships between Testate Amoebae Assemblages (Protozoa) and Geographic Factors in Yunnan Plateau Lakes, China

Knowledge of the effect of geographic factors on the assemblages of protozoan testate amoebae is still limited, despite there having been a number of studies on this fauna. We applied statistical analyses to data on the distribution of testate amoebae from nine major lakes in the Yunnan Plateau, southwest China. Cluster analysis, based on community structure, separated the lakes into two groups - the oligotrophic/mesotrophic lakes and the hypercutrophic lakes - confirming the idea that the testate amoebae assemblages in lakes are closely related to the trophic status. Additionally, within the oligotrophic/mesotrophic lakes, there was distinct geographic clustering. Linear regression analysis and the Mantel test both revealed that similarity of species composition decreased with increasing geographic distance among the oligotrophic/mesotrophic lakes.

Zingiber officinalis an herbal appetizer in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) larviculture

Penaeus monodon postlarvae were fed with different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of the herbal appetizer Zingiber officinalis enriched Artemia. After 30 days of culture (i.e. PL-1-30), a very positive result was found in Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia-fed postlarvae. The unenriched Artemia-fed postlarvae consumed 91.0 mg/animal/30 days of feed, whereas the Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia increased their consumption to 127.9 mg/animal/30 days. A similar pattern was noticed in feed absorbed (110.2 mg), dry weight growth (26.7 mg) and feed catabolized (83.2 mg) in Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia because of enzymatic activities. The conversion efficiency of unenriched postlarva was 17.19%, whereas in 100% Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia, the maximum conversion efficiency was 20.85%. The net production efficiency increased significantly (P < 0.05) to 22% from that of the unenriched Artemia-fed postlarvae. The administration of Z. officinalis in all levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain and specific growth rate. The utilization efficiency of feed increased proportionately to the percentages of Z. officinalis. Digestive enzyme activity (amylase, protease and lipase) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the 50%, 75% and 100% enrichment. Among the different percentages of enrichment, the 100% Z. officinalis-enriched Artemia-fed postlarvae performed better in the overall status.

Scanning electron microscopy of Aspidogaster ijimai Kawamura, 1913 and A-conchicola Baer, 1827 (Aspidogastrea, Aspidogastridae) with reference to their fish definitive-host specificity

Two species of aspidogastreans, namely Aspidogaster ijimai and A. conchicola, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. In nine lakes and an old river course, the Tian'ezhou oxbow, investigated in the flood plain of the Yangtze River, A. ijimai was obtained from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in three lakes, and A. conchicola from the black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus in three lakes and the oxbow. In none of the localities, however, were the two species found together. It is suggested that A. ijimai may be considered as a specialist parasite for the common carp, at least in the flood-plain lakes of the Yangtze River. The two parasites were similar in many aspects of their morphology. Their bodies can both be separated into a dorsal part and a ventral disc, with the body surface of the dorsal part elevated by transverse folds, and the disc subdivided into alveoli by transverse and longitudinal septa, although the number of alveoli was different in the two species. The depression on the ventral surface of the neck region was prominent for both species, and their ventral disc was covered densely with non-ciliated bulbous papillae. The position of mouth, osmo-regulatory pore and marginal organ was also similar for A. ijimai and A. conchicola. However, microridges in the trough of the folds in the neck region and numerous small pits on the upper part of the septa were found exclusively in A. ijimai, but uniciliated sensory papillae in A. conchicola.

Diving behaviour of freshwater finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in an oxbow of the Yangtze River, China

Dive-depth and swim-speed of a juvenile and an adult free-ranging, Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) were observed using velocity-time-depth recorders in an oxbow of the Yangtze River. In total, 8222 individual dives were recorded over 59 hours. Two dive types, deep-dive (greater than or equal to 2.7 m) and shallow-dive. were recognized. Horizontal travel distances of two finless pot-poises in a day were 94.4 km and 90.3 km, which were longer than those of oceanic relative species (harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena). Although the shallow water limited the maximum dive-depth, dive-duration, and bottom-time of finless porpoises were similar to the harbor porpoises. A sudden drop of swim-speed below 0.25 m s(-1) was frequently observed nearby the maximum dive-depth. This seemed to indicate "turning, around" behaviour, possibly during prey pursuit. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier science Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.

Third-order optical nonlinearities of lead-free (Na1-xKx)(0.5)Bi0.5TiO3 thin films

(Na1-xKx)(0.5)Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT) (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) thin films with good surface morphology and rhombohedral perovskite structure were fabricated on quartz substrates by a sol-gel process. The fundamental optical constants (the band gaps, linear refractive indices and absorption coefficients) of the films were obtained through optical transmittance measurements. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan technique performed at 532 nm with a picosecond laser. A two-photon absorption effect closely related with potassium-doping content was found in thin films, and the nonlinear refractive index n(2) increases evidently with potassium-doping. The real part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)) is much larger than its imaginary part, indicating that the third-order optical nonlinear response of the NKBT films is dominated by the optical nonlinear refractive behavior. These results show that NKBT thin films have potential applications in nonlinear optics. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Growth and photoluminescence of epitaxial CeO2 film on Si (111) substrate

A CeO2 film with a thickness of about 80nm was deposited by a mass-analysed low-energy dual ion beam deposition technique on an Si(111) substrate. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction measurements showed that the film is a single crystal. The tetravalent state of Ce in the film was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, indicating that stoichiometric CeO2 was formed. Violet/blue light emission (379.5 nm) was observed at room temperature, which may be tentatively explained by charge transitions from the 4f band to the valence band of CeO2.

Strain-compensated quantum cascade lasers operating at room temperature

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers based on strain-compensated InxGa(1-x)As/InyAl(1-y)As grown on InP substrate using molecular beam epitaxy is reported. The epitaxial quality is demonstrated by the abundant narrow satellite peaks of double-crystal X-ray diffraction and cross-section transmission electron microscopy of the QC laser wafer. Laser action in quasi-continuous wave operation is achieved at lambda approximate to 3.6-3.7 mum at room temperature (34 degreesC) for 20 mum x 1.6 mm devices, with peak output powers of similar to 10.6mW and threshold current density of 2.7kA/cm(2) at this temperature. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.