武汉东湖表层沉积物有机物污染状况

2 0 0 0年 12月在武汉东湖采集了 5个表层沉积物样品 ,采用气 -质联用分析了其中的有机污染物 ,以探讨东湖沉积物受有机物污染的程度 .共检出有机物 180种 ,其中环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物 35种 .有机污染严重程度为 :水果湖区 >郭郑湖南湖区 >郭郑湖北湖区 .

保安湖沉积物和间隙水中氮和磷的含量及其分布

保安湖沉积物中氮(N)的含量平均为5.20mg/g，平面分布以桥墩湖区含量最高。沉积物中磷(P)的含量平均为0.75mg/g，平面分布以扁担塘湖区含量最高。沉积物间隙水中总氮的平均含量为3.63mg/L，无机氮中以氨氮的含量最高，占总氮的57.2%；间隙水中总磷的含量平均为0.098mg/L，磷酸盐占总磷的50.0%。间隙水中氮和磷含量的平面分布差异不明显。间隙水中氮和磷的含量比湖水中含量高，但除氨氮外，一般不超过5倍，表明湖水和沉积物间隙水之间营养交换十分强烈。

黄河中游土壤藻类的种类组成与土壤肥力的关系

在中国科学院封丘农业实验站研究了粘土、沙壤上、轻壤上等土壤中的藻类组成、分布和营养需求．结果表明共有56个种，其中分离纯化了33个种．藻类物种多样性随土壤中有机肥料或无机N．P．K肥的增多而增加．相同的种类在不同时间有不同的营养需求，可以据此阐明土壤藻类群落组成变化与土壤肥力的关系．

Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins trigger human corneal epithelial innate response through toll-like receptor-2

Bacterial lipoproteins (LP) are a family of cell wall components found in a wide variety of bacteria. In this study, we characterized the response of HUCL, a telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line, to LP isolated from Staphylococcus (S) aureus. S. aureus LP (saLP) prepared by Triton X-114 extraction stimulated the activation of NF-kappa B, JNK, and P38 signaling pathways in HUCL cells. The extracts failed to stimulate NF-kappa B activation in HUCL cells after lipoprotein lipase treatment and in cell lines expressing TLR4 or TLR9, but not TLR2, indicating lipoprotein nature of the extracts. saLP induced the up-regulation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1). antimicrobial molecules (hBD-2, LL-37, and iNOS), and homeostasis genes (Mn-SOD) at both the mRNA level and protein level. Similar inflammatory response to saLP was also observed in primarily cultured HCECs using the production of IL-6 as readout. Moreover, TLR2 neutralizing antibody blocked the saLP-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and hBD2 in HUCL cells. Our findings suggest that saLP activates TLR2 and triggers innate immune response in the cornea to S. aureus infection via production of proinflammatory cytokines and defense molecules. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from O'ahu, Hawai'i

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been detected for the first time at a range from 231.58 to 685.61 ng g(-1) lipid weight in the muscles of tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from O'ahu, an island of the geographically isolated Hawaiian archipelago.

Evidence of host specificity and congruence between phylogenies of bitterling and freshwater mussels

Evidence of host specificity and congruence between phylogenies of bitterling and freshwater mussels. Zoological Studies 45(3): 428-434. Bitterling (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) are freshwater fishes with a unique spawning relationship with freshwater mussels on whose gills they lay their eggs. During the breeding season of bitterling fishes, we collected 843 mussels belonging to 16 species from Lake Qinglan, central China and examined their gill chambers for the presence of bitterling larvae. Three species of bitterling larvae were identified; Acheilognathus tonkinensis, Ach. cf. meridianus, and Ach. barbatulus, in 3 species of mussel: Unio douglasiae, Lamprotula caveata, and L. tortuosa, suggesting host specialization. Using our own and other published data, we compared the respective phylogenies of bitterling and mussels, but failed to show clear congruence. However, broad specializations are evident, with Acheilognathus and Tanakia showing preferences for mussels with a relatively simple gill structure (Ableminae), and Rhodeus spp. showing preferences for mussels of the Anodontinae and Unioninae, which have more-complex gill structures.

Molecular cloning of TRAF2 binding protein gene and its promoter region from the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 binding protein (T2BP) gene was isolated from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by utilizing suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The grass carp T2BP (GT2BP) gene contains an open reading frame of 579 nucleotide(s) (nt), encoding 193 amino acids, with 23 nt 5'-untranslated region and a long 3'-untranslated region of 434 nt including poly (A), 1 AUUUA motif and 4 AUUUUA motifs. No signal peptide has been detected in the predicted GT2BP, but a characteristic forkhead associated domain is present. The GT2BP mRNA shares 83% identity with the zebrafish DNA sequence, and they both have no introns in the genomic DNA. The putative transcription factor binding sites of GT2BP include two C/EBP alpha binding sites, and one c-Jun binding, one AP-1 binding, and one nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) binding sites. Southern blot analysis revealed that the GT2BP was a single-copy gene. Individual difference was observed in GT2BP expression in examined organs of healthy grass carp. However, the expression of GT2BP in all examined organs in a fish with the highest copepod infection level and the significantly higher expression level in spleen and liver in infected fish may indicate its up-regulation with the parasite infection. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The radio counter-jet of the QSO 3C 48

We present multi- frequency radio observational results of the quasar 3C 48. The observations were carried out with the Very Large Array ( VLA) at five frequencies, 0.33, 1.5, 4.8, 8.4, and 22.5 GHz, and with the Multi- Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network ( MERLIN) at the two frequencies of 1.6 and 5 GHz. The source shows a one- sided jet to the north within 1", which then extends to the northeast and becomes diffuse. Two bright components ( N2 and N3), containing most of the flux density, are present in the northern jet. The spectral index of the two components is alpha(N2) similar to -0.99 +/- 0.12 and alpha(N3) similar to - 0.84 +/- 0.23 ( S proportional to nu(alpha)). Our images show the presence of an extended structure surrounding component N2, suggestive of strong interaction between the jet and the interstellar medium ( ISM) of the host galaxy. A steep- spectrum component, labelled S, located 0.25 " southwest to the flat- spectrum component which could be the core of 3C 48, is detected at a significance of > 15 sigma. Both the location and the steepness of the spectrum of component S suggest the presence of a counter- jet in 3C 48.

迷宫流道转角对灌水器水力性能的影响

为研究齿形、梯形以及矩形流道转角变化对水力性能的影响,采用Fluent软件对不同形状下不同转角的流道进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:当其他条件相同时,转角的变化与流量系数、流态指数呈负相关,其变化对梯形流道灌水器的流量系数影响最大,最多下降了19.03%,齿形流道次之,下降了10.14%,矩形流道是梯形流道转角角度增加的延伸,具有相同的水力性能变化规律;随着角度的增加,梯形流道总的局部水头损失系数最多增加了32.5%,而齿形流道总的局部水头损失系数最多增加了23.4%,变化都很明显;压力较高时,摩阻系数基本保持不变,流体为紊流状态。

黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式对土壤酶活性的影响

为了解侵蚀环境下植被恢复对土壤酶活性的影响,以典型侵蚀环境黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域生态恢复30a植被长期定位试验点为研究对象,选取坡耕地为参照,分析了植被恢复过程中土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶及理化性质的演变特征。结果表明,黄土丘陵区的坡耕地由于不合理的人为干扰,土壤理化性质和酶活性较弱,通过植被恢复可以有效的改善土壤肥力,不同恢复模式对土壤酶活性和肥力的改善作用不同,恢复30a,脲酶活性增加33%～213%,磷酸酶活性增加275%～394%,蔗糖酶活性增加70%～210%,纤维素酶活性增加24%～48%,过氧化氢酶增加32%～96%,多酚氧化酶降低23%～29%,淀粉酶变化规律不同。不同植被恢复模式其生物特性不同,对土壤酶活性影响也不同。相关性分析说明磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶与其它因子相关性相对较强,可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标。

三联吡啶类过渡金属配合物的合成与光电性能

经过分步配位，得到以对苯乙烯撑为桥的双核2,2΄:6΄,2΄΄-三联吡啶钌配合物。这类配合物在室温下在490nm左右存在强的金属-配体电荷转移（MLCT）的吸收峰。在77K时，表现出强的红光发射（639-641nm）。双核配合物中基于中心离子钌的可逆的氧化电位在+1.25eV左右，基于三联吡啶的第一还原电位位于-1.15eV左右，两个核表现出对等的氧化还原性质。合成了叔丁基、己氧基、咔唑、二苯胺以及N-苯基萘胺取代的4΄-苯基-2,2′:6′,2″-三联吡啶（ptpy）衍生物配体与锌和镉形成的系列配合物。通过配体的修饰，配合物的发光颜色从紫色（392nm/397nm）调节到橙红色（604nm/602nm）。荧光发射表现出对溶剂极性的不同程度的依赖性。随着D-A结构趋于明显，配合物溶剂化效应表现得更强烈。电致发光器件研究表明，锌系列配合物的电致发光峰分别位于552nm、600nm和609nm，电流效率分别为5.28cd/A、2.38cd/A和2.00cd/A，亮度最高达到了2249cd/m2。合成了以苯撑和芴的齐聚物为桥的含双三联吡啶的配体，并在过渡金属锌或镉离子的诱导作用下，在温和的条件下获得一系列配位聚合物。其在二甲基甲酰胺溶液中的荧光量子效率最高达到0.41。金属离子的配位对提高光致发光的荧光量子效率的作用是积极的。这些配位聚合物的荧光发射大都在蓝光区（434-455nm）。芴单元的数目对最终聚合物的发光光谱具有一定影响，随着共轭单元的增长，发光峰位发生红移。电致发光器件性能研究表明，电致发光颜色则集中在黄绿光（531nm-560nm）范围。合成了2-(2-吡啶)喹啉衍生物一类配体，并考察了其与锌和镉的配位能力和配位方式。得到的配合物为五配位的配合物，其中两个配体和一个氯离子参与配位。咔唑和二苯胺在喹啉环6-位的引入，不仅较大范围的调节了该类配合物的发光颜色，而且获得了效率较高的红光发射(623nm，638nm)。电致发光器件表征得到了比较纯正的红光发射（648nm，CIE（0.63，0.36）），最大功率效率为0.01 lm/W。

新型混桥配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及表征

本论文对文献所报道的α,ω-二梭酸根的配位方式及其构象进行了概括，提出表示其配位方式的方法（暂定为琳L法）．随后报道20个新型配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构，并对部分配合物做了红外、差热热重、磁性质和元素分析等表征．配合物Zn（bpy）（CSH6O4）1和Cu（bpy）（CSH6o4）2为异质同晶结构，五配位的金属原子通过戊二酸根的桥联作用形成一条带状链，相邻链间通过4，4七联毗睫形成二维层．配合物Mll（bpy）（CSH12O4）·HZO3具有与配合物1和2类似的却由辛二酸根桥联的二维层，层间存在结晶水分子．在配合物zn（bpy）（C6HSO4）4中，4，4，一联毗睫和己二酸根桥联锌原子形成具有纳米孔洞的三维框架结构，它们两度相互穿插构筑整个晶体结构．热分析表明配合物3在82一140oC区间失去结晶水分子．配合物4在180-320℃区间内失去4，4’-联毗陡．配合物3在5-30OK区间内的磁性遵循Curie-Weiss定律Xm-l＝4.265／（T+6.3），两个异质同晶结构配合物MZ（hmt）（HZO）2（C3HZO4）2（M＝Mn（II）5，Cu（II）6）中的金属原子通过丙二酸根的桥联和鳌合作用形成二维层。继而通过六次甲基四胺桥联作用形成三维框架结构．配合物5在5一30OK区间内的磁性遵循Curie一Weiss定律Xm-1＝8.99／（T+4.5）．配合物［Mn（HZO）4（bpy）］（C4H4O4）4H207、［Mn（H2O）4（bpy）］（c4HZO4）·4H208和［Zn（H2O）4（bpy）］（C4H4O4）·4H209为异质同晶结构，属于三斜晶系，均由∞1［M（H2O）4（ bpy）2/2］2+阳离子链、结晶水分子和二狡酸根（丁二酸根或反丁烯二酸根）组成．未配位的二梭酸根和结晶水分子通过氢键作用形成带状阴离子链，阴、阳离子链间存在广泛的氢键作用．属于单斜晶系的配合物［Cu（H2O）4（bpy）］（C4H2O4）4H2O 10和｛Ni（H2O）4（bpy）〕（C4H2O4）4HZO 11，具有和配合物7－－9类似的阳离子链二〔M（H2O）4（bpy）2／2］2＋，然而结晶水分子和反丁烯二酸根在氢键作用下形成二维负电荷层．配合物Cu（imid）2（H2O）L（L＝丁二酸根12，反丁烯二酸根13）为异质同晶型化合物，双端单齿的二梭酸根桥联［Cu（工mid）；（H2O）〕2+形成的一维多聚链通过氢键作用组装成三维结构．而配合物Cu（imid）2（C6H8O4）14中五配位的cu原子通过己二酸根的桥联作用形成的一维多聚链止｛［Cu（C3C3H4］2（ C6H8O4）3／3｝．配合物Cu（imid）2（C6H9O4）2巧中双端单齿的己二酸氢根桥联Cu原子形成的带状多聚链止［Cu（C3N2H4）2(C6H9O4)4/2〕，通过氢键作用组装成两度穿插的三维框架结构．配合物12的热分析表明在25一6000c区间内先脱水形成“Cu（imid）2（C4H4O4）”中间体，继而失去咪哩，残留物为CuO．配合物13和14有相似的TG曲线，加热时失去咪哇和“已二酸醉”．配合物14和15的磁性在5300K温度范围内遵循curie－w七155定律，关系式分别为m-＝0.371／（T-4.6）和Xm-l:0.4095／（T-1.2）．在配合物N处Cu（mal）2·ZHZO 16、KZCu（mal）2·3HZO 17、RbZCu（mal）2H2O 18和C82Cu（mal）2' 4H2O19中，丙二酸根桥联铜原子分别形成二维负电荷层（16，17）、一维阴离子链和一络阴离子．在16-19在合成过程中得到的副产物为配合物［Cu（imid）4Cl］Cl 21，它由CI一和［Cu（imid为CI］＋络阳离子组成，通过氢键和芳环堆积构筑整个晶体结构，热分析表明。配合物1企19在25一500℃的温度区间内可能具有以下的热分解过程：（I）脱水，（2）脱去丙二酸醉和甲烷，（3）草酸盐分解生成碳酸盐和CO气体．酉己合物16一19的磁性在5一300K测试温度范围内遵循Curie-Wesiss定律Xm-l＝C／（T-θ） 其中的韦斯常数夕分别为4．3（5）、4．2（6）、3 ．0（6）和4．3（9）K，相应的居里常数C分别为0.434（1）、0.417（2）、0.423（2）和0.411（3）cm3·K.mol-1．