103 resultados para 140.3580
Resumo:
<正> 热对流现代问题国际会议于2003年11月24~27日在俄罗斯别尔姆州立大学召开,会议由俄罗斯理论和应用力学国家委员会,俄罗斯科学院国家传热/传质委员会,别尔姆州立大学,俄罗斯科学院乌拉尔分院连续介质力学所,俄罗斯力学问题研究所等单位共同举办.中国、德国、意大利、法国、澳大利亚等国派代表参加了会议,俄罗斯代表约有百人,包括一批大学教授.
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燃烧气脉冲发生器用于电厂锅炉除灰,其工作原理是预混可燃气体在右端部分开口在内部有障碍物的容器中快速燃烧,以形成一定的压力脉冲,并产生作用于积灰表面的射流和冲击波,火焰在端流扰动装置的作用下不断加速,容器中的压力不断上升,火焰传播愈快,压力波形愈陡,压力锋值愈高,针对这些现象,该文进行了实验和理论研究。主要研究了乙炔,水煤气,液化石油气和甲烷4种燃料,在不同燃料浓度,不同阻塞比时对火焰传播和压力上升的影响,计算和实验结果对实验应用有指导作用。
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在化学反应流的概率密度函数(PDF)方法中,对流项和化学反应项都是封闭的,但分子扩散项必须模拟.现有的分子扩散模型都是唯象的,需要引入外加参数,并难以通过一些基本物理过程的检验.本文发展了随机映射逼近(mapping closure approximation,MCA)方法,解析地从控制方程导出一个封闭的分子扩散模型.该方法考虑两点联合概率密度函数方程,引入空间特征尺度,因此解决了以往映射封闭方法中分子扩散速率无法确定的问题.数值模拟表明该方法能用于预测标量扩散的速度,以及概率密度函数和条件平均扩散等统计量.
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Metal-alumina joints have found various practical applications in electronic devices and high technology industry. However, making of sound metal ceramic brazed couple is still a challenge in terms of its direct application in the industry. In this work we successfully braze copper with Al2O3 ceramic using Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy as filler alloy. The shear strength of the joints can reach 140 MPa, and the microstructrural analysis confirms a reliable chemical boning of the interface. The results show that the bulk metallic glass forming alloys with high concentration of active elements are prospective for using as filler alloy in metal-ceramic bonding.
Resumo:
本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。
目录
- §1.1 板壳弯曲断裂问题
- §1.2 Kirchhoff经典板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.3 Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.4 Kirchhoff与Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论的比较
- §1.5 含裂纹有限尺寸板壳断裂分析的局部-整体法
- §1.6 含表面裂纹板壳
- §2.1 Kirchhoff板的基本概念和基本假定
- §2.2 基本公式与弹性曲面微分方程
- §2.3 边界条件
- §2.4 弹性薄板的应变能
- §2.5 极坐标下的挠曲面微分方程与内力公式
- §2.6 裂纹尖端场特征展开式通项公式
- §2.7 Kirchhoff板弯曲应力强度因子
- §3.1 基本方程和公式的复变函数表示
- §3.2 所引入函数的确定程度与一般形式
- §3.3 坐标变换与边界条件
- §3.4 运用保角变换方法求解孔口问题
- §3.5 应力强度因子与函数Φ(z)的关系
- §3.6 复变-主部分析法之应用简例
- §3.7 共直线裂纹问题的一般解答
- §3.8 典型弯曲裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §3.9 共圆曲线裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §4.1 裂纹尖端奇异元的位移模式与弯曲应力强度因子
- §4.2 裂纹尖端奇异元的刚度矩阵
- §4.3 裂纹尖端奇异元与常规单元的连接
- §4.4 解析法与数值法的结果比较与讨论
- §4.5 两共线半无限裂纹问题的定解条件及解的实用价值
- §5.1 Reissner型板的基本假定
- §5.2 Reissner型板的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.3 基本方程的简化
- §5.4 边界条件
- §5.5 极坐标下的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.6 两种平板理论用于无裂纹板时的比较
- §5.7 两种乎板理论用于含裂纹板时的比较
- §6.1 基本方程和一般求解方法
- §9.1 局部-整体法与其它解析和数值法的结果比较
- §9.2 边界对应力强度因子的影响
- §9.3 板的支承条件及长宽比的影响
- §9.5 计算Reissner型板应力强度因子的一组近似方程与近似解法
- §9.4 Reissner型板理论与Kirchhoff板理论所得应力强度因子的比较
- §9.6 关于数值计算的几点讨论
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Table of Contents
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | What is an Adiabatic Shear Band? | 1 |
1.2 | The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 6 |
1.3 | Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur | 10 |
1.4 | Historical Aspects of Shear Bands | 11 |
1.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps | 14 |
1.6 | Scope of the Book | 20 |
2 | Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 24 |
2.1 | General Features | 24 |
2.2 | Deformed Bands | 27 |
2.3 | Transformed Bands | 28 |
2.4 | Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding | 35 |
2.5 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals | 44 |
3 | Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands | 54 |
3.1 | Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture | 54 |
3.2 | Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands | 57 |
3.3 | Metallurgical Implications | 69 |
3.4 | Effects of Stress State | 73 |
4 | Testing Methods | 76 |
4.1 | General Requirements and Remarks | 76 |
4.2 | Dynamic Torsion Tests | 80 |
4.3 | Dynamic Compression Tests | 91 |
4.4 | Contained Cylinder Tests | 95 |
4.5 | Transient Measurements | 98 |
5 | Constitutive Equations | 104 |
5.1 | Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 104 |
5.2 | Strain-Rate History Effects | 110 |
5.3 | Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour | 114 |
5.4 | Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals | 124 |
6 | Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 125 |
6.1 | Empirical Criteria | 125 |
6.2 | One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis | 134 |
6.3 | Localization Analysis | 140 |
6.4 | Experimental Verification | 146 |
7 | Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands | 155 |
7.1 | Post-Instability Phenomena | 156 |
7.2 | Scaling and Approximations | 162 |
7.3 | Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation | 167 |
7.4 | The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 171 |
7.5 | Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology | 179 |
7.6 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States | 187 |
8 | Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands | 194 |
8.1 | Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations | 194 |
8.2 | One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding | 199 |
8.3 | Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods | 213 |
8.4 | Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State | 218 |
9 | Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics | 229 |
9.1 | Planar Impact | 230 |
9.2 | Fragmentation | 237 |
9.3 | Penetration | 244 |
9.4 | Erosion | 255 |
9.5 | Ignition of Explosives | 261 |
9.6 | Explosive Welding | 268 |
10 | Selected Topics in Metalworking | 273 |
10.1 | Classification of Processes | 273 |
10.2 | Upsetting | 276 |
10.3 | Metalcutting | 286 |
10.4 | Blanking | 293 |
Appendices | 297 | |
A | Quick Reference | 298 |
B | Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity | 301 |
C | Thermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence | 312 |
D | Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 335 |
E | Specification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands | 341 |
F | Conversion Factors | 357 |
References | 358 | |
Author Index | 369 | |
Subject Index | 375 |
Resumo:
Metal-alumina joints have found various practical applications in electronic devices and high technology industry. However, making of sound metal ceramic brazed couple is still a challenge in terms of its direct application in the industry. In this work we successfully braze copper with Al2O3 ceramic using Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy as filler alloy. The shear strength of the joints can reach 140 MPa, and the microstructrural analysis confirms a reliable chemical boning of the interface. The results show that the bulk metallic glass forming alloys with high concentration of active elements are prospective for using as filler alloy in metal-ceramic bonding.
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In the absence of external loading, surface tension will induce a residual stress field in the bulk of nano structures. However, in the prediction of mechanical properties of nano structures, the elastic response of the bulk is usually described by classical Hooke’s law, in which the aforementioned residual stress was neglected in the existing literatures. The present paper investigates the influences of surface tension and the residual stress in the bulk induced by the surface tension on the elastic properties of nano structures. We firstly present the surface elasticity in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian descriptions and point out that even in the case of infinitesimal deformations the reference and the current configurations should be discriminated; otherwise the out-plane terms of surface displacement gradient, associated with the surface tension, may sometimes be overlooked in the Eulerian descriptions, particularly for curved and rotated surfaces. Then, the residual stress in the bulk is studied through the non-classical boundary conditions and used to construct the linear elastic constitutive relations for the bulk material. Finally, these relations are adopted to analyze the size-dependent properties of pure bending of Al nanowires. The present results show that surface tension will considerably affect the effective Young’s modulus of Al nanowires, which decrease with either the decrease of nanowires thickness or the increase of the aspect ratio.
Phage M13Ko7 Detection With Biosensor Based On Imaging Ellipsometry And Afm Microscopic Confirmation
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A rapid detection and identification of pathogens is important for minimizing transfer and spread of disease. A label-free and multiplex biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry (BIE) had been developed for the detection of phage M13KO7. The surface of silicon wafer is modified with aldehyde, and proteins can be patterned homogeneously and simultaneously on the surface of silicon wafer in an array format by a microfluidic system. Avidin is immobilized on the surface for biotin-anti-M13 immobilization by means of interaction between avidin and biotin, which will serve as ligand against phage M13KO7. Phages M13KO7 are specifically captured by the ligand when phage M13KO7 solution passes over the surface, resulting in a significant increase of mass surface concentration of the anti-M13 binding phage M13KO7 layer, which could be detected by imaging ellipsometry with a sensitivity of 10(9) pfu/ml. Moreover, atomic force microscopy is also used to confirm the fact that phage M13KO7 has been directly captured by ligands on the surface. It indicates that BIE is competent for direct detection of phage M13KO7 and has potential in the field of virus detection. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Near-degenerative near-collinear phase-match geometry for broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) at approximate to 780 nm is calculated in comparison with nondegenerate noncollinear phase-match geometry. In an experiment on LBO-I near-degenerate near-collinear OPCPA, high gain with broad gain bandwidth (approximate to 71 nm, FWHM) at approximate to 780 nm is achieved by using an approximate to 390-nm pumping pulse. The stretched broadband chirped signal pulse near 780 nm is amplified to approximate to 412 mu J with a pumping energy of approximate to 15 mJ, and the total gain is > 3.7 X 10(6), which agrees well with the calculation. For a broadband (covering approximate to 100 nm) chirped signal pulse, the theoretical gain bandwidth has been attained experimentally for the first time. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
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The influence of atomic densities on the propagation property for ultrashort pulses in a two-level atom (TLA) medium is investigated. With higher atomic densities, the self-induced transparency (SIT) cannot be recovered even for 2π ultrashort pulses. New features such as pulse splitting, red-shift and blue-shift of the corresponding spectra arise, and the component of central frequency gradually disappears.
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We demonstrate theoretically that the negatively chirped femtosecond laser pulse can be spectrally narrowed by cross-phase modulation. The new view is well Supported by numerical simulation. The negative chirp method in fibers might be useful in all optical wavelength switching applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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对我们所制作的λ/4相移DFB掺Yb3+光纤激光器的运行特性进行了研究。研究表明:光纤端面菲涅尔反射会破坏激光器的单纵模运行,因此为获得稳定的羊纵模运行须使用隔离器或甘油清除光纤端面菲涅尔反射;机械扰动则会使沿光纤传输的单偏振激光的偏振面发生变化;温度的涨落则会引起激光输出功率的不稳定涨落。所研制à/4相移DFB单纵模、单偏振激光器具有如下特性:阈值为38mW,当泵浦功率为140 mW时,获得了25mW的1053 nm单 纵模、羊偏振激光.偏振消光比约30 dB,单纵模激光功率涨落小于2%,边模抑制比约6
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Two novel symmetrical charge transfer fluorene derivatives (abbreviated as BCZF and BVCZF) with carbazole end-group as the donor moieties have been synthesized. Three-photon absorption cross-sections of these two compounds have been determined by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pumped with 38 ps pulses at 1064 nm in DMF. The measured 3PA cross-sections are 140 x 10(-78) and 400 x 10(-78) cm(6) s(2) for BCZF and BVCZF, respectively. The geometries, electronic structures and electronic spectra of these two compounds are systematically studied by AM1 and ZINDO/S methods. On the basis of correct UV-vis spectra, the influence of different molecular structure on three-photon absorption cross-sections is discussed micromechanically. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.