重离子微束装置中真空窗的研究

中国科学院近代物理研究所(IMP)正在兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)系统中研制中能重离子微束终端,以对重离子进行准确定位和精确计数。应用有限元分析软件对不同结构、不同材料的真空窗进行受力分析,模拟真空窗的形变和等效应力,运用强度理论考察候选真空窗的安全性;运用SRIM程序模拟离子的小角散射、横向射程,详细计算入射离子的能量、真空窗材料和厚度及空气层对束斑展宽的影响;最后提出真空窗适宜的结构、材料及厚度范围。

An untuned MA-loaded cavity for HIRFL-CSR

In order to realize high energy density physics and plasma physics research at HIRFL-CSR, a magnetic alloy (MA)-loaded cavity has been studied. According to the theoretical calculation and simulation for the MA-loaded cavity, we achieved a better result. The MA-loaded cavity had a higher Qf value, with a higher shunt impedance and a higher accelerating gradient. The accelerating gradient was about 95 kV/m at 1.8003 MHz, 130 kV/m at 0.9000 MHz. Compared with the ferrite-loaded cavities that are used at HIRFL-CSR, with about 10 kV/m accelerating gradient, the MA-loaded cavity obviously has an advantage. The results of the theoretical calculation and the simulation, which meet the design requirements are in good agreement.

An untuned MA-loaded cavity for HIRFL-CSR

In order to realize high energy density physics and plasma physics research at HIRFL-CSR, a magnetic alloy (MA)-loaded cavity has been studied. According to the theoretical calculation and simulation for the MA-loaded cavity, we achieved a better result. The MA-loaded cavity had a higher mu Q f value, with a higher shunt impedance and a higher accelerating gradient. The accelerating gradient was about 95 kV/m at 1.8003 MHz, 130 kV/m at 0.9000 MHz. Compared with the ferrite-loaded cavities that are used at HIRFL-CSR, with about 10 kV/m accelerating gradient, the MA-loaded cavity obviously has an advantage. The results of the theoretical calculation and the simulation, which meet the design requirements are in good agreement.

长期施肥对潮棕壤无机磷形态的影响

为提高磷肥利用效率、维持并提高土壤供磷力,在潮棕壤上进行了15年的定位施肥试验,试验处理涵盖了中国典型的8种施肥模式:不施肥(CK)、施循环猪圈肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、施氮肥+循环猪圈肥(N+M)、施氮磷肥(NP)、施氮磷肥+循环猪圈肥(NP+M)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、施氮磷钾肥+循环猪圈肥(NPK+M),对不同施肥模式下耕层(0~20cm)土壤无机磷进行了分级测定。研究表明:有效或缓效态无机磷(Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P)含量在无化学磷肥直接投入的情况下均有不同幅度的下降,导致土壤无机磷库亏损;在有化学磷肥直接投入的情况下这些形态的无机磷不但能满足当季作物需求还有盈余,且以NP+M处理盈余最多,丰富了土壤无机磷库。各处理O-P、Ca10-P形态的无机磷均有所增加,且其中部分可由盈余的有效磷素缓慢转化而来。循环猪圈肥(M)的施用能减缓各形态无机磷含量的下降;氮肥和钾肥均能极大促进植物对磷素的吸收,加速土壤磷库亏损。NP+M施肥模式最有利于短期提高土壤供磷力,促进土壤供磷力发展。本研究还发现,有效或缓效态无机磷(Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P)与有效磷相关性很好,这进一步完善了土壤供磷力的指标体系。

黄绵土不同形态有机氮径流流失规律

利用不同坡度径流小区 ,在自然降水条件下 ,研究侵蚀泥沙不同形态有机氮的流失规律 ,结果表明 :在 4次产流泥沙中 ,除氨基糖氮含量减少外 ,其它有机形态氮均存在增加趋势 ,以氨态氮含量增加最为显著。随坡度的下降 ,水解全氮、氨态氮和氨基酸氮含量呈增加趋势 ;泥沙中水解全氮、氨基酸氮、氨态氮、非酸水解氮均存在不同程度的富集 ,其富集率随坡度的下降而增大 ,以氨基酸氮富集程度高 ,泥沙中氨基糖态氮反而无富集现象存在 ;当坡度分别为 2 5°、2 0°、15°、10°和 5°时 ,水解全氮流失量分别为 1135 .0、76 3.7、485 .5、313.0和 15 4.4kg/ km2 ,而氨基酸氮流失量则为 2 34.8、182 .7、12 1.1、76 .8和 33.9kg/ km2 ,占水解全氮的 2 0 .6 %～ 2 4.9%。氨态氮流失量为 742 .5、5 0 3.3、32 2 .2、2 0 8.9、97.4kg/ km2 ,占水解全氮的 6 3.1%～ 6 6 .7%。氨基糖氮占酸水解氮 1.1%～ 2 .9%。非鉴别氮占水解全氮的 5 .8%～ 12 .6 %。而酸水解氮与非酸水解氮之比分别为 ...

盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算

随着湿地研究的展开和深入 ,湿地生态系统的服务功能价值越来越受到人们的重视。以辽河三角洲盘锦地区湿地为例 ,结合地理信息系统和野外调查及实验 ,综合运用环境经济学、资源经济学、模糊数学等研究方法 ,对该地区的湿地生态系统的服务功能进行了价值评估 ,得到该地区湿地生态系统的服务功能价值为 62 .1 3亿元 ,是该地区国民生产总值的 1 .2倍。并根据估算结果 ,讨论了不同方法在估算过程中存在的优缺点

A new oxidation state of aniline pentamer observed in water-soluble electroactive oligoaniline-chitosan polymer

A novel water-soluble electroactive polymer, aniline pentamer crosslinked chitosan (Pentamer-c-Chi), was prepared by condensation polymerization of the terminal carboxyl groups in aniline pentamer with the amino side groups in chitosan in aqueous solution. The carboxyl groups were activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (I)CC). The electrochemical behavior of aniline pentamer in this kind of crosslinked polymer was studied in acidic aqueous solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

Synthesis and enhancement of quantum efficiency of a series of novel PPV derivative copolymers

A series of novel PPV derivative copolymers with good solubility in common organic solvents were synthesized. The emitting color of these copolymers could range from red to blue by adjusting the structures and the compositions of monomers. Investigation on their optical properties showed that the PL quantum efficiency could be increased by energy transfer and conjugation reduction. The PL quantum efficiency of most green/blue copolymer films on slide glass was higher than 80%.

Novel polyaryletherketones containing various pendant groups .1. Synthesis and characterization

Novel high glass transition temperature polyaryletherketones, containing pendant amido, alkyl, and carboxyl groups with reduced viscosity above 0.54 dL/g, were synthesized via solution nucleophilic polycondensation reaction of phenolphthalin, 2',2 ''-diisopropyl-5',5 ''-dimethylphenolphthalin, and 3,3'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobenzopyrrolidone with bis(4-nitrophenyl)ketone in the presence of potassium carbonate. By ion exchange with Na+ and K+, four ionomers were also prepared. A new monomer simultaneously containing carboxyl and algyl substituents was synthesized by reduction reaction of 2',2 ''-diisopropyl-5',5 ''-dimethyl-phenolphthalein. The resulting polymers were soluble in a few polar aprotic solvents; transparent, colorless, and tough films could easily be cast from DMF or DMSO solution. The mechanical properties of the films were excellent; and their tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile moduli were in the range of 67.1-97.1 MPa, 7.8-165%, and 1.47-2.27 GPa, respectively. The prepared polymers showed fairly good thermal stability and resonably high glass transition temperatures above 210 degrees C. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

氢化物发生石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定高温镍基合金中的硒

在6mol/L盐酸介质和0.1％KBH_4条件下,不但能有效地发生硒的氢化物,而且5mg/ml Ni和3mg/ml Fe都不干扰硒的测定。利用涂钯石墨管作为氢化物的原于化器,直接测定了高温镍基合金中的硒,特征质量为40pg,相对标准偏差在6.1％以内,回收率在97％～110％之间。

SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF 5-COORDINATE N,N-DIBENZYLDITHIOCARBAMATE COMPLEXES OF TITANOCENE, ZIRCONOCENE AND HAFNOCENE

The five complexes (RC5H4)2M(S2CNBz2)Cl (R = H, CH3; M = Ti, Zr, Hf; Bz = CH2C6H5) have been prepared by the reaction of (RC5H4)2MCl2 with anhydrous sodium salts of dibenzyldithiocarbamate in refluxing CH2Cl2. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and H-1 NMR. X-ray crystal structure determination of Cp2Zr(S2CNBZ2)Cl shows the molecule has a five-coordinate bent metallocene geometry in which the zirconium atom is attached to two eta-5-C5H5 groups, one bidentate dibenzyldithiocarbamate ligand and one chlorine [Zr-Cl, 2.549(1) angstrom; Zr-S, 2.734(1), 2.667(1); Cl-Zr-S, 137.6(1)-degrees and 73.3(1)-degrees; S-Zr-S, 64.3(1)-degrees]. The catalytic system Cp2Ti (S2CNBZ2)Cl-NaH exhibits high initial catalytic activity of hydrogenation of hexene-1 under mild conditions.

银溶胶的形成及在光度分析中的作用

氢化物与硝酸银反应形成银溶胶的分光光度法,具有操作简便、分析速度快、灵敏度高和应用范围广等特点,深入探讨银溶胶的物理和化学性质对改进此方法的实验条件,增强银溶胶的稳定性和改善方法的重现性,以及提高方法的灵敏度和选择性等都有重要的意义,我们以铅烷与硝酸银的反应产物为研究对象,用X光小角散射仪、透射电子显微镜和光

青藏高原东部生态系统土壤碳排放

在青藏高原探讨不同生态系统碳平衡规律及其影响因子并揭示其对全球含碳温室气体变化的影响与响应 ,有重要的现实意义和理论价值。分别在海北高寒草甸生态站、贡嘎山森林生态站和拉萨农业生态站用静态箱法进行了土壤CO2 排放的试验研究。土壤CO2 排放速率日平均值为草甸215.87～329.68mgCO2m -2h -1 ,森林713.72～2102.56mgCO2m -2h -1 ,农田913.05～1135.83mgCO2m -2h-1。土壤碳排放速率日变化 ,在农田和高寒草甸区表现为单峰型 ,均以地方时8∶00～16∶00最高 ,0∶00～8∶00最低。草甸、农田土壤碳排放随着牧草、作物生长发育的加速而逐渐增加 ,越接近成熟 (或枯黄期 )其值越低 ,林区以6～9月的生长旺季为最高。土壤碳排放与温度之间有较好的相关性 ,温度是影响土壤碳排放的重要因子，全球变暖有可能引起高原土壤碳排放的增加。