Third-order optical nonlinearities of lead-free (Na1-xKx)(0.5)Bi0.5TiO3 thin films

(Na1-xKx)(0.5)Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT) (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) thin films with good surface morphology and rhombohedral perovskite structure were fabricated on quartz substrates by a sol-gel process. The fundamental optical constants (the band gaps, linear refractive indices and absorption coefficients) of the films were obtained through optical transmittance measurements. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan technique performed at 532 nm with a picosecond laser. A two-photon absorption effect closely related with potassium-doping content was found in thin films, and the nonlinear refractive index n(2) increases evidently with potassium-doping. The real part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)) is much larger than its imaginary part, indicating that the third-order optical nonlinear response of the NKBT films is dominated by the optical nonlinear refractive behavior. These results show that NKBT thin films have potential applications in nonlinear optics. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of the InAlAs and InGaAs combination strain-reducing layer on 1.3 mu m emission self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) with differing deposition thicknesses covered by InxAl1-xAs (x = 0.2, 0.3) and In0.2Ga0.8As combination strain-reducing layers (CSRLs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Their structural and optical properties were investigated by atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The emission peak position of InAs QDs capped by CSRL can reach 1.34 mum at room temperature with a relatively larger energy splitting of 93 meV between the ground and first excited states.

喷雾热解法制备Eu~(3+)掺杂的球形发光粉

喷雾热解法对合成球形形貌的发光粉极具优势，本文用喷雾热解法（先低温喷雾干燥，在慢速升温热解）合成了正硼酸盐、氧化物和硼铝酸盐发光粉，合成过程中用柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、浓氨水等修饰喷雾前驱体溶液，以优化发光粉的形貌和发光性能，同时对相应的发光机理进行了探讨。在喷雾热解法合成Y_2O_3:Eu这种单一组分的氧化物发光粉中，PEG的分子量（分子量大小决定了分子链的长短）对所制发光粉的形貌（球形、棒状和片状）起着重要的作用。形成球形是因为分子量为10000的PEG长分子链在喷雾前驱体溶液中穿插、缠结、卷曲，并通过氢键结合柠檬酸在喷雾热解溶液中形成了相对稳定的网状结构，这使得在随后的低温喷雾干燥过程中鳌合稀土离子的柠檬酸不会因溶剂的蒸发跑到喷雾小液滴的表面而造成空心结构，从而得到实心球体，这种实心球体在随后的慢速升温热解过程中逐渐收缩、结晶，最后得到了表面光滑的实心球体；至于棒状结构，则是因为短分子链的PEG（分子量600）只能在喷雾小液滴中形成区域网状结构，这种区域网在溶剂的蒸发过程中会跑到小液滴的表面形成空心结构，由于球壳上具有PEG作为“筋”而具有一定的韧性，这使得在随后的慢速升温热解过程中球壳热解形成空心的孔洞结构，并在高温下破裂、坍塌、卷曲而形成了棒状；而片状则是因为喷雾前驱体溶液中没有PEG链使得干燥过程中，鳌合稀土离子的柠檬酸随溶剂的蒸发而跑到小液滴表面，形成了空心的球壳，这种球壳由于没有PEG链做“筋”而具有脆性，在随后的慢速升温热解过程中，这种脆性的球壳破裂成片状，并随温度的升高进一步热解、收缩，形成了最终的片状Y_2O_3:Eu。在喷雾热解法合成Y_(0.9-x)Gd_xEu_(0.1)BO_3中，聚已二醇、柠檬酸、氮气压力和前驱体溶液的浓度都严重地影响着所制发光粉的形貌。对该体系来说，获得最佳形貌（球形，实心，表面光滑，尺寸在1-3μm）的条件如下：聚已二醇I狗最佳用量是。0.004M，柠檬酸的最佳用量是两倍于溶液中总金属离子的摩尔数；最佳氮气压力为6O0atm；前驱体溶液的浓度为0.07M。Y_(0.9)Eu_(0.1)BO_3在700℃时便开始结晶，比固相法低了200℃（固相法为900℃）。随着烧结温度的提高，结晶性逐渐增强，当温度超过1100℃后，结晶性开始下降，这主要是因为和该体系有关的氧化硼熔点低（600 ℃），在高温容易挥发，造成了晶粒表面出现贫硼相，使得晶粒尺寸降低所致。在Y_(0.9-x)Gd_xEu_(0.1)BO_3中，随着X值的增大，发光强度显著增强，这是因为在Y_(0.9-x)Gd_xEu_(0.1)BO_3中存在Gd~(3+)到Eu~(3+)的能量传递，X值的增加不仅增加了Gd~(3+)-Eu~(3+)的直接能量传递几率，而且增加了Gd~(3+)-（Gd~(3+)）_n-Eu~(3+)形式的能量传递的几率，从而增强了发光强度。在硼铝酸盐Y_(0.9-x)Gd_xEu_(0.1)Al_3（BO_3）_4（0.0≤X≤0.9）体系中，用浓氨水来修饰喷雾前驱体溶液，改变其pH值，发现pH值对粒子形貌有严重影响，但对光致发光强度影响不大。当pH值为3时（不加浓氨水），所制样品形貌不规则，且团聚严重；当加入适量的浓氨水，使前驱体溶液pH值增大到4.5（此时溶液呈胶体状），所制样品呈球形，表面比较粗糙；再加浓氨水，使前驱体溶液的pH值增大到12（此时溶液呈悬浊液状），所制样品仍呈球形，表面趋于光滑，粒子尺寸降低。这三种发光粉的光致发光强度相差很小，但球形的发光粉在涂屏上具有显然的优势。在Y_(0.9-x)Gd_xEu_(0.1)Al_3（BO_3）_4发光粉中，随着X值的增大，存在两个影响发光强度的因素：一是随着X值的增大，结晶性降低，这使发光强度降低；二是随着X值的增大，Gd~(3+)-Eu~(3+)或者Gd~(3+)-（Gd~(3+)）_n-Eu~(3+)形式的能量传递效率增强，这使发光强度增加。当X值比较小时（0.0≤X≤0.3），前一因素占主导地位，当X值比较大时（0.3≤X≤0.9），后一因素占主导地位。

注铒a-SiO_x:H中Er~(3+)发光与薄膜微观结构的关系

采用光致发光（PL）谱和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）谱研究了掺铒a-SiO_x:H(a-SiO_x:H)薄膜在不同退火温度下光学性质和微观结构的变化。PL谱的测量结果表明：薄膜在1.54μm的Er~(3+)发光和750nm处的可风发光随退火温度有相同的变化趋势，这种变化和薄膜在退火过程中微观结构的变化有着密切关系。FTIR谱的分析表明：a-SiO_x:H薄膜是一种两相结构，富硅相镶嵌在富氧相中。两者的成分可近似用a-SiO_(x≈0.3):H和a-SiO_(x≈1.5):H表示，前者性质接近于氢化非晶硅（a-Si:H），后者性质接近于a-SiO_2。富硅相在退火中的变化对Er~(3+)的发光强度有重要影响。

CSR工程3维测量控制网

主要介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环CSR控制网的建立及测量分析方法,详细说明了激光跟踪仪转站原理和计算机算法。根据一般大地测量采取的建网原则,首先用全站仪建立了初级控制网,在此基础上加密形成了由168个网点构成的主环控制网;然后运用激光跟踪仪及其配套软件测量了主环控制网,其网点的点位精度可达到0.08 mm。应用2005年3月控制网的测量结果对主环磁铁进行了调节,结果显示四极铁横向就位精度达到0.15 mm,偏转角精度达到0.3 m rad。

3种藓类植物水分含量与光合作用、呼吸作用和水势的关系(英文)

对湿地匍灯藓〔Plagiomnium acutum(L indb.) T.Kop.〕、大羽藓〔Thuidium cymbi-folium(Dozy &Molk.) Dozy &Molk.〕和垂藓〔Chrysocladiun retrorsum(Mitt.) Fleisch.〕的水分含量与光合作用、呼吸作用和水势的关系进行了初步研究 (1 999年 5月 2 0日到 6月1 0日 )。在这 3种藓类植物中 ,其水分含量与光合作用速率 (Pn)的关系可以分为 2种类型 :一种类型如大羽藓和垂藓 ,在藓体水分含量 2 0 %～ 70 %时 ,Pn随着水分含量增加而增加 ,但是在 80 %～ 95%时 ,Pn随水分含量增加而下降 ,光合最适水分含量约 70 %～ 80 % ;另一种出现在湿地匍灯藓 ,水分含量 2 0 %～ 80 %时 ,Pn随着水分含量增加而增加 ,在 80 %～ 95%时 ,Pn维持一个较高的水平 ,光合最适水分含量为 80 %～ 90 %。在一个大的水分含量范围内 (60 %～ 95% ) ,暗呼吸 (Rd)保持相对稳定 ,但是在水分含量较低时 (2 0 %～ 70 % ) ,Rd随着水分含量的下降而下降。在藓体水分含量与水势之间的关系方面 ,3种藓类植物相似 ,水分含量与水势对数之间的回归曲线为 S形曲线

黄土高原南部3种农田土壤剖面坚实度的变化规律

为了揭示黄土高原南部地区不同质地类型土壤剖面坚实度的变化及其与土壤含水率的定量关系,以黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表的粘化层耕作剖面为研究对象,定位观测其0~45 cm土壤坚实度与含水率的变化。结果表明,黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表粘化层耕作剖面的犁底层平均坚实度均大于耕层,犁底层平均坚实度较耕层分别高194.8%,87.3%,10.4%;剖面土壤质地越粘其平均坚实度越大;土壤坚实度与含水率呈负相关关系;土壤坚实度变化速率为0时,以上3种土壤剖面临界含水率分别为0.1712,0.1757,0.1835;质地不同的土壤剖面坚实度时空变化特征有差异,其中黄墡土剖面0~20 cm土层土壤坚实度为350~500 kPa,受土壤含水率变化的影响较小;20~30 cm土层土壤的坚实度为500~1400 kPa,不易受外界环境影响;30 cm以下土层土壤坚实度为700~1600 kPa,受土壤含水率变化影响较大。土娄土剖面0~40 cm土层土壤坚实度为600~1200 kPa,受含水率变化影响较大;40 cm以下土层土壤坚实度稳定在1 800 kPa左右。粘化层剖面0~15 cm土层土壤坚实度在2000 kPa左右,受环境影响较...

Highly efficient red electroluminescent polymers with dopant/host system and molecular dispersion feature: polyfluorene as the host and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives as the red dopant

By selecting polyfluorene as the polymer host, choosing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivative moieties as the red dopant units and covalently attaching 0.3 mol% of the dopant units to the side chain of the polymer host, we developed a novel series of red electroluminescent polymers of dopant/host system with molecular dispersion feature. Their EL spectra exhibited predominant red emission from the dopant units because of the energy transfer and charge trapping from the polymer backbone to the dopant units. The emission wavelength of the polymers could be tuned by modifying the chemical structures of the dopant units.

Highly uniform and monodisperse beta-NaYF4 : Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Yb/Er, and Yb/Tm) hexagonal microprism crystals: Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties

beta-NaYF4:Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Yb/Er, and Yb/Tm) hexagonal microprisms with remarkably uniform morphology and size have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as kinetic decays were used to characterize the samples. It is found that sodium citrate as a shape modifier introduced into the reaction system plays a critical role in the shape evolution of the final products. Furthermore, the shape and size of the products can be further manipulated by adjusting the molar ratio of citrate/RE3+ (RE represents the total amount of Y3+ and the doped rare earth elements such as Eu3+, Tb3+, Yb3+/Er3+, or Yb3+/Tm3+). Under the excitation of 397 nm ultraviolet light, NaYF4:xEu(3+) (x = 1.5, 5%) shows the emission lines of Eu3+ corresponding to D-5(0-3) -> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions from 400 to 700 nm (whole visible spectral region) with different intensity, resulting in yellow and red down-conversion (DC) light emissions, respectively.

Effect of La/Ce ratio on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x=0. 1-0.5) hydrogen storage alloys

The effect of La/Ce ratio on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) alloys has been studied systematically. The result of the Rietveld analyses shows that, except for small amount of impurity phases including LaNi and LaNi2, all these alloys mainly consist of two phases: the La(La, Mg)(2)Ni-9 phase with the rhombohedral PuNi3-type structure and the LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCU5-type structure. The abundance of the La(La, Mg)(2)Ni-9 phase decreases with increasing cerium content whereas the LaNi5 phase increases with increasing Ce content, moreover, both the a and cell volumes of the two phases decrease with the increase of Ce content. The maximum discharge capacity decreases from 367.5 mAh g(-1) (x = 0.1) to 68.3 mAh g(-1) (x = 0.5) but the cycling life gradually improve. As the discharge current density is 1200 mA g(-1), the HRD increases from 55.4% (x = 0.1) to 67.5% (x = 0.3) and then decreases to 52.1% (x = 0.5). The cell volume reduction with increasing x is detrimental to hydrogen diffusion D and accordingly decreases the low temperature dischargeability of the La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x = 0.1-0.5) alloy electrodes.

Synthesis, structure and ionic conductivity of La2/3-xLi3xMoO4

A series of compounds, La2/3 - xLi3xMoO4, were first prepared. Their structures are tetragonal scheelites with the cationic defects. The cell parameters a, c and values of c/a decrease with the increasing of the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion. Cationic vacancies are getting more as Li+ concentration is lower. The diffusion of lithium ion is predominant. The concentration of charge carriers increases with increasing the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion, meanwhile, the concentration of cationic vacancies decreases. The conductivity approaches the best when the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion is about 0.3. The conductivity of La0.567Li0.3MoO4 is 6.5 x 10(-6) S . cm(-1) at room temperature.

BaLiF_3∶Eu,Gd中Gd~(3+)→Eu~(2+)的能量传递

研究了 Ba Li F3中 Gd3+和 Eu2 +的光谱性质及 Gd3+对 Eu2 +的能量传递过程 ,讨论了传递机理 .Gd3+的含量 (物质的量分数 )为 0 .3 %时 ,传递效率最高 ,传递几率 PSA=1 .3 5× 1 0 5s- 1 .当 Gd3+的含量高于 0 .3 %时 ,由于 Gd3+ 和 Eu2 + 竞争吸收 Gd3+ 占优势 ,增加 Gd3+ 含量 ,竞争吸收比相应增加 ,Eu2 + 自身吸收光子数目减少 ,发射强度降低

Electrochemiluminescence of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/S(2)O(8)(2-)system in purely aqueous solution at carbon paste electrode

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the Ru(bgy)(3)(2-)/S2O82- system in purely aqueous solution at a carbon paste electrode can be clearly seen with the naked eye for Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) concentrations higher than 1 mmol L-1. The log-log plot of the emmitted light intensity vs. Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) concentration is linear over the region 10(-3)-10(-7) mol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The ECL intensity increases linearly with the S2O82- concentration from 10(-6) mol L-1 up to 0.3 mmol L-1 and drops off sharply at concentrations higher than 1 mmol L-1. In addition, a weak ECL signal was obtained when the potential was biased more negative than -0.6 V even in the absence of S2O82-.

YP_(1-x)V_xO_4∶Eu~(3+)在真空紫外区发光的优化

系统地考查了Eu3 + 在YPO4 YVO4 固溶体中的发光。当V5+ 的浓度低于 0 3 ,出现VO4 3 -离子团的蓝色发射 ;直到V5+ 的浓度等于或大于 0 3时 ,VO4 3 -离子团的蓝色发射才被Eu3 + 离子的红色发射所猝灭 ,发射主波长在 61 9nm。在真空紫外线的激发下 ,Eu3 + 在YPO4 YVO4 固溶体有较强发光 ,并随着P5+ 浓度的增加 ,Eu3 + 离子的发光增强。经过优化的组成为YP0 7V0 3 O4 ∶Eu3 + 的荧光粉在真空紫外激发下既具有较强的发光 ,又具有优良的色纯度 ,将是一种新型的良好的等离子体平板显示用荧光粉。

Detection of menadione sodium bisulfite (vitamin K-3) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with series dual-electrode amperometric detector

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with series dual glassy carbon electrodes for the amperometric detection of water-soluble menadione is described. The complex post-column derivatization reaction and the high background currents were avoided. The menadione sodium bisulfite was reduced at -0.3 V vs. SCE at the upstream (generator) electrode and oxidized at +0.2V vs. SCE at the downstream (collector) electrode. The mobile phase was 0.2moll(-1) HAc-NaAc aqueous buffer (pH 5.50) and 40% (v/v) methanol. The linear response was in the range of 35 ng to 15 mu g, with a detection Limit of 15 ng (S/N=3). The correlation coefficient was 0.9997 (n=6). The electrochemical detection with series dual electrodes has a higher selectivity for menadione (vitamin K-3) compound than with UV detection.