The Yellow Sea cold bottom water - an oversummering site for Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea)

The vertical distribution and stage-specific abundance of Calanus sinicus were investigated on three key transects in the southern Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea in August 1999. The results showed that in summer C. sinicus shrank its distribution area to the central cold (less than or equal to10degreesC) bottom water in the Yellow Sea, i.e. the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water, remaining in high abundance (345.7 ind m(-3)). In the northern East China Sea on a transect from the mouth of the Yangtze River to the Okinawa trench, only a few individuals appeared in the inner side and none had been found either in the upper layer or in the deep layer of the outer shelf area. The population of C. sinicus in YSCBW consisted of mainly adults (46.83%) and C5 (37.41%). C1-C4 only accounted for 15.76%. The low proportion of the earlier copepodite stages and the high female:male ratio (11.39) indicated that the reproduction of C. sinicus in YSCBW was at a very low level due to the low temperature and low food concentration. It is concluded that the dramatic decrease of C. sinicus population in the shelf area of China seas in summer is caused by the shrinkage of its distribution area and the YSCBW served as an oversummering site.

Immune responses of the scallop Chlamys farreri after air exposure to different temperatures

The present study examined the influence of air exposure at different temperatures: a common perturbation associated with aquaculture handling practices, on immune responses in zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. Scallops were exposed to air for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h at 5 degrees C, 17 degrees C and 25 degrees C respectively. Thereafter, a recovery period of 24 h at 17 degrees C was applied. Haemocyte mortality, phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of haemocytes, acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in haemocyte lysates were chosen as immumomarkers of anoxic stress. The results showed that an increase of haemocyte mortality and a decrease of phagocytosis and ACP activity were observed after 2 h of air exposure for all temperatures tested. Moreover, a significant increase of ROS production occurred following 2 h of air exposure at 25 degrees C and 24 h of air exposure at 17 degrees C. Significant differences were also observed in haemocyte mortality, percentage of phagocytic cells and ACP and SOD activity depending on the temperature of air exposure. Finally, after 24 h of recovery at 17 degrees C, percentage of phagocytic haemocytes and ACP activity did not return to initial values. ROS production was significantly higher than before the recovery period and initial values for scallops subjected to air exposure at 5 degrees C. In our study, scallops showed a relative low anoxia tolerance under a high temperature. All the scallops air exposed to 25 degrees C died after the 6 h sampling. In conclusion, air exposure associated to aquaculture practices was demonstrated to strongly affect functional immune activities of scallop haemocytes, and high temperature air exposure caused reduced survival of scallops. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

宁夏香山荒漠草原区生物多样性与环境特征研究

采用大样地、典型固定样地调查方法，对宁夏香山荒漠草原区生物多样性与环境特征进行了研究。结果表明，研究区所调查151种植物分属39科、95属；植物群落分布体现了山地荒漠草原的特征，多数植物群落类型分布在山地阴坡；群落多样性动态受时间、地形影响较大，在土壤属性中受土壤含水量影响较大；灌丛植被在该山地生态系统中处于重要地位，是生态功能维持的主要因素；昆虫群落符合干旱地区草地植物群落特征，大型动物的稀有也提示对该地区进行生物多样性保护日益紧迫。

HPLC法测定獐牙菜及其近缘植物中4种有效成分的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定獐牙菜及其近缘植物中番木鳖酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷的含量。方法:采用ZORBAX SB—C18(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以流动相甲醇和水(含0.04%磷酸)的比例在0-24 min内由22:78至38:62线性梯度洗脱,流速1 mL•min～1,检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃。结果:4种成分均达到基线分离,番木鳖酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷的线性范围分别为0.05—6.25μg(r=0.9999),0.0095—2.9 μg(r=0.9998),0.0486—2.56μg(r=0.9999),0.0056—2.8μg(r=0.9998);回收率为102%(RSD=4.4%),97.7%(RSD=4.3%),99.5%(RSD=3.5%),103%(RSD=1.1%)。结论:方法测定快速,结果准确、可靠。

甘肃鼠兔幼子生长的初步研究

根据3窝14只甘肃鼠兔幼子56天的生长发育资料初步分析了甘肃鼠兔的生长发育规律。依据逻辑斯蒂曲线的拐点 ,甘肃鼠兔的体重生长可划分为加速增长相 ( 0～205日龄 )和减速增长相 ( 205日龄以后 )。按照瞬时生长率曲线的拐点 ,体重增长过程可分为 3个时期 ,即缓慢生长期 ( 0～6 5日龄 )、快速生长期 ( 6 5～ 345日龄 )和渐进生长期 ( 345日龄以后 )。文章对使用逻辑斯蒂方程和其它“S”形曲线描述动物生长过程存在的一些问题进行了讨论 ,认为：如果只用1条“S”形曲线描述动物的整个生长过程，就有可能会因为成年期动物生长规律的变化而破坏模型参数的生物学意义 ,同时引起模型拟合精度的降低。为克服这一问题，作者建议：在使用“S”形曲线拟合动物生长模型时，生长过程的资料最好不要覆盖体重波动较大的成年阶段。

Analysis of saturated free fatty acids from pollen by HPLC with fluorescence detection

A sensitive method for the determination of free fatty acids using 2-(2-(anthracen-10-yl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-dimidazol-1-yl) ethyl-p-toluenesuIfonate (ANITS) as tagging reagent with fluorescence detection has been developed. ANITS could easily and quickly label fatty acids in the presence of the K2CO3 catalyst at 90 degrees C for 40 min in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. From the extracts of rape bee pollen samples, 20 free fatty acids were sensitively determined. Fatty acid derivatives were separated on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C8 column by HPLC in conjunction with gradient elution. The corresponding derivatives were identified by post-column APCI/MS in positive-ion detection mode. ANITS-fatty acid derivatives gave an intense molecular ion peak at mlz [M+H](+); with MS/MS analysis, the collision-induced dissociation spectra of m/z [M+H](+) produced the specific fragment ions at mlz [M-345](+) and mlz 345.0 (here, m/z 345 is the core structural moiety of the ANITS molecule). The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the derivatives were lambda(ex) = 250 nm and lambda(em) = 512 nm, respectively. Linear correlation coefficients for all fatty acid derivatives are > 0.9999. Detection limits, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 : 1, are 24.76-98.79 fmol for the labeled fatty acids.

Leptin cDNA cloning and its mRNA expression in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) from different altitudes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays all important role in body energy homeostasis. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), an endemic and keystone species living only at 3000-5000 in above sea level oil Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a typically high hypoxia and low temperature tolerant mammal with high resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), and high ratio of oxygen utilization to cope with harsh plateau environment. To explore the molecular mechanism of ecological acclimation in plateau pika, we first cloned pika leptin cDNA and compared its mRNA expression in different altitudes (3200 and 3900 in) using real-time RTPCR (Taqman probe) technology. The full-length pika leptin cDNA was 3015 with 504 bp open-reading frame encoding the precursor peptide of 167 amino acids including 21 residues of signal peptide. Pika leptin was 70-72% homologous to that of other species and was of similarly structural characteristics with other species. The pika-specific genetic diversity in leptin sequence occurred at twenty sites. With the increase in attitude, there were larger fat store and high level of ob gene expression in plateau pika. Our results indicated that leptin is sensitive to cold and hypoxia plateau environment and may play one of important roles in pika's ecological adaptation to harsh plateau environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of N fertilizer on the productivity and nutritive values of perennial grass mixtures in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

A study was conducted on grass mixtures that included smooth bromegrass (SB) + drooping wild ryegrass (DW), smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass (SW) + crested wheatgrass (CW) and smooth bromegrass + Siberian wild ryegrass + drooping wild ryegrass + crested wheatgrass in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 to investigate the effects of N application rates and growing year on herbage dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive values. Herbage DM production increased linearly with N application rates. The effect of N application on DM yields was greater (P < 0.05) in the 2nd and 3rd production years than in the establishment year. Dry matter yields of SB + SW + CW and SB + SW + DW + CW can reach as high as 15 000 kg ha(-1) at 345 kg ha(-1) N rate in the 3rd growing year. With increased N application rates, crude protein (CP) contents and 48 h in sacco DM degradability of grasses increased (P < 0.05). No effect (P > 0.05) of N application was detected on organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentration. It can be concluded that for increased biomass production in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a minimum of 345 kg N ha(-1) should be applied to grass stands in three split application of 115 kg N ha(-1), in early June, early July and late July

基于反馈线性化和自适应UKF的直升机航向控制

本文提出了一种新的自适应无色卡尔曼滤波(AUKF)方法.该方法以最小化新息方差阵的"真值"和估计值差的迹为指标函数，以MIT法则为自适应机制.通过自适应估计系统过程噪声方差阵，能够有效的补偿由于噪声先验知识不足和参数变化所引起的估计误差，提高UKF用于非线性系统状态、参数联合估计的性能.因而主动估计被进一步结合到反馈线性化中，使直升机航向动力学能够对内部不确定性有自适应性，也就是当时变、未知参数变化时达到鲁棒跟踪控制性能.并针对直升机航向动力学模型验证本方法的正确性；与常规UKF相比较显示该方法在收敛速度和估计准确程度方面的性能提高。

超高压输电线路巡检机器人越障控制问题的研究

给出了一种超高压输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现方法.根据机器人的作业任务,提出了基于传感器信息、约束信息以及动作反馈信息作为输入,产生式系统作为动作输出的越障控制方式.仿真结果表明此方法对于机器人的越障过程是有效的.

赣中周潭群石榴石、斜长石和黑云母微区化学成分特征及其地球动力学意义

周潭群变质岩中石榴石、斜长石和黑云母微区化学成分变化明显,石榴石变斑晶具典型的生长环带,由晶体中心向两侧边缘XMg 、XFe值以光滑曲线递增,XCu 、XMn值以光滑曲线递减,反映其增温过程;晶体最边缘的化学成分反映变质峰期的温度条件。通过石榴石变斑晶生长环带剖面分析,应用Grt-Bi 温度计和GASP 压力计,确定本区变质作用p T 轨迹为顺时针形式,发生于大陆碰撞造山带环境。

扬子地块南缘及邻区大陆动力成矿系统、成矿系列特征与找矿方向

用大陆动力成矿系统－成矿系列－矿床组合的地球化学类型及矿石建造的系统研究与分析方法，对扬子地块南缘及邻区大陆动力成矿系统与成矿系列进行了研究，认为本区大陆动力成矿系统有震旦－寒武纪大陆伸展动力成矿系统、泥盆纪－中三叠世大陆伸展动力成矿系统、中生代（热点构造）垂向大陆动力成矿系统和大陆挤压收缩动力成矿系统，提出本区12个成矿系及其相应矿床组合的地球化学类型和矿石建造类型，指出今后的找矿方向.

铜同位素的分馏机制及其在矿床学研究中的应用

作为一种重要的成矿元素，铜广泛分布于不同地质体中，并广泛参与成岩成矿作用。近年来，由于同位素分析方法的改进和新一代多接收等离子质谱仪（MC-ICPMS）的应用，使得铜同位素的高精度测试成为现实，并已成为国际地学领域的一个前沿研究方向。铜同位素在自然界中具有较大的变化范围，δ^65Cu值介于-3．03‰～5．74‰之间。本文介绍和评述了铜同位素的分析方法和可能的分馏机制，并根据已发表数据，重点讨论了铜同位素组成与成矿温度、矿化阶段和成矿物质来源的关系。认为铜同位素有可能作为一种灵敏的地球化学示踪剂，对指示成矿物质来源、成矿作用过程和矿床形成机理具有重要作用。

微细浸染型金矿床金与分散元素铊的共生关系

铊是分散元素之一，在结晶化学及地球化学性质上既具亲石性，又具亲硫性，前者表现为铊与K、Rb等碱金属紧密共生，后者使它与Pb、Fe、Zn等元素的硫化物有密切关系。