EFFECT OF REPTATION ON FRACTURE-MECHANICS OF RUBBER NETWORKS

End-linked hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene containing unattached linear polybutadiene was used to study the effect of reptating species on the fracture mechanics of rubber networks. The concentration of reptating species in the networks ranged from 0 to 100%. The fracture mechanics of the networks was described using the critical strain energy release rate in mode III testing, i.e. the tearing energy. The tearing energy was measured at room temperature using a 'trouser' specimen at a strain rate spanning five logarithmic decades. When the strain rate was as low as 10(-4) s-1, the tearing energy of the networks increased with reduction in reptating species. In this case the reptating species did not contribute to the tearing energy of the networks due to relaxation. Hence, the tearing energy increased with the number of crosslinked chains per unit volume in the networks. At a strain rate ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-1) s-1, the tearing energy of the networks was governed by local viscosity. The tearing energies of the networks containing various amounts of reptating species were superimposed to give a master curve based on the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation.

缝管原子捕集初探

本文针对九种元素初步探索了缝管捕集原子吸收的各种参数影响,给出缝管捕集法与常规火焰法的灵敏度、精密度对比结果。并进行了单缝管、双缝管及微量进样的比较实验。该法用于测定自来水和啤酒样品中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn,取得结果较为满意。

功能高分子活性材料硫酸根离子选择电极的研制

利用辐射方法制备硫酸根离子选择电极活性材料,至今未见报导,我们首次采用辐射接枝方法制备了以疏水性高分子为骨架的带有SO~-活性基团的功能高分子活性材料,研制了硫酸根离子选择电极。结果表明,该电极具有内阻低,响应快,稳定性较好的特点,且其功能曲线的线性范围为10~(-1)～10~(-4)MSO_4~-,适宜的pH范围为4～9。

用化学氧化法分析混合稀土中的Tb

根据 Tb在 K IQ_4—KOH—K_2S_2O_8体系中的氧化反应,建立了混和稀土中 Tb 的分光光度分析方法.Tb被氧化为 Tb~(4+),其颜色由无色转变为红棕色,最大吸收峰在420nm.Ce~(3+)加入 KIO_4—KOH 溶液后,立即被完全氧化为 Ce~(4+),Ce~(4+)在420nm 也有吸收,其干扰可以在本底中排除,其它三价稀土离子在此体系中不能发生氧化反应,故无干扰.在 Tb 的分析浓度范围为5×10~(-5)～5×10~(-4)M 时,符合 Beer 定律,Tb 在混合稀土中含量分析的最低限为1%。此方法可用于萃取稀土过程中 Tb 的分析和监控,方法简便快速。

两种新型抗癌药的结构鉴定

本文应用质谱、核磁共振波谱、红外光谱及元素分析等方法对1-(2-四氢呋喃)-5-氟脲嘧啶(FT-207)和1,3-双(2-四氢呋喃)-5-氟脲嘧啶(FD-1)两种新型抗癌药进行了结构鉴定。

X射线荧光光谱测定土壤中痕量铬钒时谱线干扰的校正方法

土壤中铬钒的测定对环境科学具有重要意义。若选择Cr的K_α线(69.32°)和V的K_α线(76.93°)作为分析线,则Ti的K_(β1)线(77.26°)对V的K_α线有严重干扰,而土壤中钛的含量比钒往往高出几十至几百倍,所以这种影响是很大的。J.L.Brandle等在假定“合成”峰强度是各个成份的线性迭加的基础上,提出了Cr K_α和V

Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3酒精检测仪的研制

本文叙述了稀土 Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3气敏半导体的制造、结构、探头的构造、管芯的制造工艺,整机的等效线路及原理,元件的特性曲线、模拟实验及作用机理。试验表明:该机灵敏度高、选择性好、比较稳定、响应和恢复时间快,可作为检测司机酒后开车造成的事故。

稀土Ziegler-Natta催化剂的结构和活性

自六十年代初沈之荃等首次用稀土Ziegler-Natta催化剂聚合共轭双烯以来,人们对这类催化剂进行了大量的研究。结果表明,稀土催化剂具有许多独特的优点,不但能将丁二烯和异戊二烯聚合成顺式含量很高的均聚物,而且也能将这两种单体聚合成每一种单体链节的顺式含量都很高的共聚物,这是Ti,Co,Ni等催化体系所没有的;但是,

Ce_(0.95)Ca_(0.05)F_(3-x)固体电解质氧传感器的研究

本文研究了Ce_(0.95)Ca_(0.05)F_(3-x)固体电解质及其氧传感器的制备和性质。在150℃时,Po_2在10~(-2)～10~(-1)MPa范围内传感器件的电位变化正比于Po_2的对数值。同时研究了不同参比电极和敏感电极对传感性能的影响。以Bi+BiF_3为参比电极时,EMF值稳定较快;当Pd作为敏感电极时,传感元件的响应较快;以RuO_2作敏感电极时,传感器件较灵敏。文章还讨论了敏感机理。

香豆素440/荧光素钠/藏红混合染料体系的光谱研究

通过对C440/Fl.Na/Saf.-T三元混合染料体系的荧光光谱研究,了解到这三种染料之间有较充分的能量转移。又通过对C440/Fl.Na和Fl.Na/Saf.-T两个混合染料体系的荧光寿命测量,讨论了分子间能量转移过程和机理,并做了一些定量的分析。

松花江水质评价的模式识别方法

利用模式识别技术的逐步判别法与非线性映射法(NLM),对松花江流域某些地点的水质进行了评价,得到的结果与模糊数学方法基本上完全一致。从而,为水质评价提供了新的方法。多年来,人们提出各种环境污染评价方法,各具优缺点。一般常用综合污染指标法,此法简便,但结果粗糙。近年来有人使用模糊数学方法,对样本进行聚类分析,使分类趋于准确。我们试用了模式识别方法,效果很好,不但解决了分类问题,还能得到更多有用的信息。计算是在CROMEMCO Cs-2计算机上用FORTRAN语言进行的。

PVC膜氯离子选择电极的临床应用研究

本文介绍利用功能高分子活性材料,采用熔融压片成膜的方法研制了PVC膜氯离子选择电极,并对电极性能进行测试并做了临床应用试验,结果表明:电极在10~(-1)M Cl~-中稳定性好,响应时间快,在10~(-1)～10~(-4)M Cl~-中电极呈能斯特响应,其斜率为56～57mV/pCl~-。经临床检测血液标本,该电极抗蛋白、脂类、血球能力强,可以满足临床检测的要求。

An acidic polysaccharide with xylose branches from Porphyra yezoensis

An acidic polysaccharide (PY3) was isolated from the hot water extract of the red algae Porphyra yezoensis by successive column chromatographies over DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. PY3 with an average molecular weight of 1.8x10(5) was demonstrated to be composed of galactose (Gal), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AnGal), 6-OSO3-galactose (6-OSO3-Gal) and xylose (Xyl) in an approximate molar ratio of 25 : 15, 10, 1. In view of Smith degradation and methylation and on the basis of spectral evidence including those of IR, GC, GC-MS, and H-1 and C-13 NMR, the most probable repeating unit of PY3 could be proposed as [(1-->3)beta -D-Gal(1 --> 4)alpha -L-3,6-AnGal](3)-[(1 --> 3)beta -D-Gal(1 --> 4)alpha -L-6-OSO3-Gal](2) with a xylose moiety at the C-6 of one of every twenty-five beta -D-Gal residues. To our knowledge, PY3 was shown to be the first porphyran possessing occasional xylose branches.

Electrochemical measurement of hydrogen peroxide in plasma: Evaluation of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and crucian carp (Cyprinus carpio) phagocytes under natural conditions

An electrochemical technique for the real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to describe respiratory burst activity (RBA) of phagocytes in plasma which can be used to evaluate the ability of immune system and disease resistance. The method is based upon the electric current changes, by redox reaction on platinum electrode of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from phagocytes stimulated by the zymosan at 680 mV direct current (d.c.). Compared with the control, activation of respiratory burst by zymosan particles results in a high amperometric response, and a current peak was obtained during the whole monitoring process. The peak current was proved by addition Of Cu2+ and other controls, to be the result of intense release of H2O2 from phagocytes. The peak area was calculated and used to evaluate the quantity of effective H2O2, which represents the quantity of H2O2 beyond the clearance of related enzymes in plasma. According to Faraday's law, the phagocytes' ability of prawns to generate effective H2O2 was evaluated from 1.253 x 10(-14) mol/cell to 6.146 x 10(-14) mol/cell, and carp from 1.689 x 10(-15) Mol/Cell to 7.873 x 10(-1)5 mol/cell. This method is an acute and quick detection of extracellular effective H2O2 in plasma and reflects the capacity of phagocytes under natural conditions, which could be applied for selecting species and parents with high immunity for breeding in aquaculture. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in massive sulfides from the Jade hydrothermal field, the Oldnawa Trough

Helium, neon and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions have been measured in massive sulfide samples from the Jade hydrothermal field in the central Okinawa Trough. Fluid-inclusion He-3/He-4 ratios are between 6.2 and 10.1 times the air value (Ra), and with a mean of 7.8Ra, which are consistent with the mid-ocean ridge basalt values [He-3/He-4 approximate to (6Rasimilar to 11Ra)]. Values for Ne-20/Ne-22 are from 10.7 to 11.3, which are significantly higher than the atmospheric ratio (9.8). And the fluid-inclusion Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios range from 287 to 334, which are close to the atmosperic values (295.5). These results indicate that the noble gases of trapped hydrothermal fluids in massive sulfides are a mixture of mantle- and seawater-derived components, and the helium of fluid inclusions is mainly from mantle, the nelium and argon isotope compositions are mainly from seawater.