Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-acetyl-beta-aryl-1,2-didehydroethylamines as new HIV-1 RT inhibitors in vitro

A variety of N-acetyl-o-aryl-1,2-didehydroethylamines were synthesized by direct reduction-acetylation of beta-aryl-nitroolefins and assayed as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for the first time. Compound 7a exhibited a TI v

~(14)C标记1,2,7,8-TCDD在鲤体内分布及代谢的初步研究

利用14C标记1,2,7,8-四氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,7,8Tetrachloro[U—14C]dibenzodioxin,14C1,2,7,8TCDD)初步研究了其在鲤体内的分布和代谢规律。14C1,2,7,8-TCDD溶解于丙酮/植物油中,腹腔暴露。暴露1、2、4、8、12d后取样,肝脏、胆汁、腹腔脂肪等消化制样后用液闪仪测量放射性活度。肝脏和胆汁内的放射性活度同步变化,都是第8d达到峰值后下降。腹腔脂肪内1—2d放射性明显高于随后取样的样品。肝和腹腔脂肪的分布量之比呈现“S”型变化趋势。暴露4d

Growth kinetics of 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies of Nostoc sphaeroides (Cyanophyta) in outdoor culture

Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing was cultivated in paddlewheel-driven raceway ponds and the growth kinetics of 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies of N. sphaeroides was studied. The biomass productivities in 2.5 m(2) raceway ponds inoculated with 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies were 5.2 and 0.25 g dry wt m(-2) stop d(-1), respectively. Furthermore, differently sized colonies showed different relative water content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a content and density of filaments. This is the first report on mass culture of N. sphaeroides under outdoor conditions.

Sequence of genome segments 1, 2, and 3 of the grass carp reovirus (Genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae)

The genome segments 1, 2, and 3 of the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), a tentative species assigned to genus Aquareouirus, family Reouiridae, were sequenced. The respective segments 1, 2, and 3 were 3949, 3877, and 3702 nucleotides long. Conserved moths 5' (GUUAUUU) and 3' (UUCAUC) were found at the ends of each segment. Each segment contains a single ORF and the negative strand does not permit identification of consistent ORFs. Sequence analysis revealed that VP2 is the viral polymerase, while VPI might represent the viral guanyly/methyl transferase (involved in the capping process of RNA transcripts) and VP3 the NTPase/helicase (involved in the transcription and capping of viral RNAs), The highest amino acid identities (26-41%) were found with orthoreovirus proteins. Further genomic characterization should provide insight about the genetic relationships between GCRV, aquareoviruses, and orthoreoviruses, It should also permit to precise the taxonomic status of these different viruses. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

DTADH and quantum critical phenomena caused by anisotropy and external magnetic field for spin-1/2 Heisenberg diamond chains

Using the transfer matrix renormalization group (TMRG) method, we study the connection between the first derivative of the thermal average of driving-term Hamiltonian (DTADH) and the trace of quantum critical behaviors at finite temperatures. Connecting with the exact diagonalization method, we give the phase diagrams and analyze the properties of each phase for both the ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic frustrated J(3) anisotropy diamond chain models. The finite-temperature scaling behaviors near the critical regions are also investigated. Further, we show the critical behaviors driven by external magnetic field, analyze the formation of the 1/3 magnetic plateau and the influence of different interactions on those critical points for both the ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic distorted diamond chains.

Quantum phase transitions in the S=1/2 distorted diamond chain

By means of the second derivative of the ground-state and first-excited energy, the quantum phase transitions (QPTs) for the distorted diamond chain (DDC) with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic frustrated interactions and the trimerized case are investigated, respectively. Our results show the plentiful quantum phases owing to the spin interaction competitions in the model. Meanwhile, by using the transfer-matrix renormalization-group technique, we study the two-site thermal entanglement of the DDC model in the thermodynamic limit for a further understanding of the QPTs.

Thermodynamic properties of Cu-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2) and the spin-1/2 distorted diamond Heisenberg chain

The thermodynamic properties of the spin-1/2 diamond quantum Heisenberg chain model have been investigated by means of the transfer matrix renormalization group (TMRG) method. Considering different crystal structures, by changing the interactions among different spins and the external magnetic fields, we first investigate the magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and specific heat of the distorted diamond chain as a model of ferrimagnetic spin systems. The susceptibility and the specific heat show different features for different ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions and different magnetic fields. A 1/3 magnetization plateau is observed at low temperature in a magnetization curve. Then, we discuss the theoretical mechanism of the double-peak structure of the magnetic susceptibility and the three-peak structure of the specific heat of the compound Cu-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2), on which an elegant measurement was performed by Kikuchi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 227201 (2005)]. Our computed results are consistent with the main characteristics of the experimental data. Meanwhile, we find that the double-peak structure of susceptibility can be found in several different kinds of spin interactions in the diamond chain. Moreover, a three-peak behavior is observed in the TMRG results of magnetic susceptibility. In addition, we perform calculations relevant for some experiments and explain the characteristics of these materials. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Photoinduced voltage shift in a three-barrier, two-well resonant tunneling structure integrated with a 1.2-mu m-thick n-type GaAs layer

By integrating a three-barrier, two-well resonant tunneling structure with a 1.2-mu m-thick, slightly doped n-GaAs layer, a photoinduced voltage shift on the order of magnitude of 100 mV in resonant current peaks has been verified at an irradiance of low light power density. The 1.2-mu m-thick, slightly doped n-GaAs layer manifests itself of playing an important role in enhancing photoelectric sensitivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Operational characteristics of a 1.2-MW biomass gasification and power generation plant

In this study, we analyzed the operational characteristics of a 1.2-MW rice husk gasification and power generation plant located in Changxing, Zhejiang province, China. The influences of gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), feeding rate and rice husk water content on the gasification characteristics in a fluidized bed gasifier were investigated. The axial temperature profile in the dense phase of the gasifier showed that inadequate fluidization occurred inside the bed, and that the temperature was closely related to changes in ER and feeding rate. The bed temperature increased linearly with increasing ER when the feeding rate was kept constant, while a higher feeding rate corresponded to a lower bed temperature at fixed ER. The gas heating value decreased with increasing temperature, while the feeding rate had little effect. When the gasification temperature was 700-800C, the gas heating value ranged from 5450-6400kJ/Nm3. The water content of the rice husk had an obvious influence on the operation of the gasifier: increases in water content up to 15% resulted in increasing ER and gas yield, while water contents above 15% caused aberrant temperature fluctuations. The problems in this plant are discussed in the light of operational experience of MW-scale biomass gasification and power generation plants.

钼体系催化合成1,2－聚丁二烯的研究

本工作通过较系统地研究Ziegler-Natta型钼催化体系对丁二烯聚合的催化作用，发现一类活性很高的钼催化剂。此类催化剂以无毒，资源丰富的加氢汽油为溶剂，活性已接近工业化的Ni、Co、Ti等体系。同时，本工作又找到了大幅度调节聚合物分子量和链结构的方法，发现了具有活性聚合特点的钼催化体系，初步考察了钼体系催化丁二烯聚合的动力学行为；并利用红外光谱，~(13)C-NRM、X-射线衍射和热分析等方法研究了所得聚合物的链结构和聚集态结构，对聚合物的基本性能也进行了初步考察，发现所得聚合物的一些基本性能超过天然橡胶。此类高活性钼催化剂由MoCl_4OR和(i-Bu)_2AlOAr组成，R为C_(8-18)烷基，Ar为芳基。本催化体系在70 ℃下催化丁二烯聚合时，催化剂用量为Mo/J摩尔比等于4 * 10~(-5)时，转化率可达78％。本体系聚合物分子量可用烯丙基卤等调节，其中烯丙基碘的效果最好。在Mo/J = 8 * 10~(-5)时，烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比为0.1时即可使聚合物分子量下降约50万；烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比为10时，聚合物重均分子量即小于20万（不加烯丙基碘为270万）。本体系聚合物分子量分布很窄，聚合温度为30 - 70 ℃时，_W/_n为1.5-2.0；_W/_n与聚合温度呈直线关系，利用外推法估计和动力学考察，本体系在－18 ℃左右有可能引发活性聚合。本体系聚丁二烯含有85％以上1,2－链节，其1，2-链节含量也可以用某些极性添加剂来调节。利用烯丙基碘做调节剂，可制得1,2－链节含量高达98％的聚丁二烯。烯丙基碘还可以调节聚合物链节的立体构型和序列分布；随着烯丙基碘用量的增加，间同1,2－链节增多，全同和无规1,2－链节减少，序列分布的有规性增加，链结构趋于规整。根据动力学初步研究结果，本体系催化丁二烯聚合的速度对单体浓度呈一级关系，表现活化能为17.07千卡／摩卡，催化剂利用率为4％，链增长速度常数为: k_(p30℃) = 40 (升／摩尔·分，下同), k_(p40℃) = 97, k_(p50℃) = 267, k_(p60℃) = 508, k_(p70℃) = 12077。本体系聚合物在烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比小于2时，无论静态或拉伸下均为无定型；烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比大于2而小于8时，静态下为无定型，而拉伸时产生结晶，与天然橡胶类似；烯丙基碘／Mo摩尔比大于8时，静态下亦有一定程度的结果。

无定形1，2－聚丁二烯的分子链结构和分子链的相互作用

聚合物的结构决定了它的分子链的运动，分子链的运动又可表征聚合物的结构，而且聚合物的宏观性质又受到它的微观运动的影响。因此有目的地开发各种聚合物材料，充分利用其独特的性质，都离不开研究它的微观运动。这就是结构－性能－运动的关系。1，2－聚丁二烯作为一种弹性体，近十几年研究得较多，主要局限在它的链节结构（1，2－链节）与其物理机械性能的关系方面，其目的是为了弥补顺丁橡胶的不足。对于1，2－链节与其分子链的微观运动则研究得较少。然而这方面的研究对于1，2－聚丁二烯弹性体的开发和应用无疑是有益的。研究1，2－聚丁二烯的链节结构与其分子链的相互作用，首先需要选择适当的表征分子链的各种相互作用的参数。聚合物分子链的长程运动，可分为分子链内旋转运动和分子链间相互作用。其中分子链间相互作用通常用聚合物的内聚能密度表示，分子链内旋转运动决定分子链的柔顺性，而它们二者共同影响聚合物的玻璃化温度。因此实验中首先测定1，2－聚丁二烯的玻璃化温度和内聚能密度，从研究1，2－链节与1，2－聚丁二烯分子链的忌的相互作用和分子链间的相互作用着手。实验需要的1，2－聚丁二烯样品部分是用丁基锂制备的，也有别人提供的钼体系和铁体系的样品。样品的1，2－链节含量从8％至90％。主要用线膨胀法（还有DSC法及扭摆法）测定了1，2－聚丁二烯的玻璃化温度。不仅发现了1，2－聚丁二烯的玻璃化温度随1，2－链节增多而提高，而且得到了它们在玻璃化转变时的体积膨胀系数。这个系数对于后面研究分子链柔顺性是有用的。聚合物的内聚能密度是其溶解度参数的平方。实验选用特性粘数法测定1，2－聚丁二烯的溶解度参数，其中关键在于选择适当的溶剂。这方面失败的教训是由于所用的溶剂在化学结构和极性上与聚合物的相差甚大。由于这种限制，测定1，2－聚丁二烯的溶解度参数时，难以找到化学结构和极性合适且溶解度参数又相当的纯溶剂。因此按照溶解度参数理论，配制了不同溶解度参数的环已焓一甲苯混合溶剂，代替部分纯溶剂。测定结果表明，1，2－链节含量为16％的样品，其溶解度参数为8.6（[卡／立方厘米]~(1/2)），其余含量较高的样品，都是8.5（[卡/立方厘米]~(1/2)）。用混合溶剂测定聚合物的溶解度参数还是第一资，其可靠性取决于混合溶剂的溶解度参数的准确性。根据溶解度参数理论，我们提出克分子体积相近，且无特殊的相互作用的二元混合溶剂的溶解度参数，等于它们各自的溶解度参数按体积分数的加合。环已烷和甲苯的克分子体积分别为108.7和106.8立方厘米，它们的溶解度参数的极性分量S_极 → 0，再假定混合时没有吸热效应，它们二者按体积分数加合的溶解度参数可以定量使用。用时还从三个方面进行了验证，(1)用克分子体积相差较大(分别为147.4和89.4立方厘米)的正庚焓－苯混合溶剂作为反证；(2)根据特性粘数理论，用Matsuo方程；(3)由三元(溶剂1－溶剂2－聚合物)体系的Flory-Huggins相互作用参数等，它们都证实了上面提出的混合溶剂测定1,2－聚丁二烯溶解度参数的条件。根据前面的实验结果发现，1，2－链节与1，2－聚丁二烯的玻璃化温度有关，与其内聚能密度基本无关。建么1，2－链节必定与其分子链柔顺性有关。为了更准确地说明1，2－链节对1，2－聚丁二烯分子链柔顺性的影响，需要选择表征分子链柔顺性的参数。聚合物的分子链中相互作用的直观表现是它的分子链柔顺性，而分子链的柔顺性起因于它的链状分子和分子链的内旋转运动。因此我们选用分子链内旋转的参数（内旋转势垒和内旋转异构化能）表征1，2－聚丁二烯分子链的柔顺性。目前文献报道的计算分子链内旋转异构化能的方法，大多数是根据Gibbs-DiMarzio的玻璃化转变理论。这些方法一般都比较复杂。我们提出从聚合物发生玻璃化转变时的温度和体积膨胀系数，计算分子链内旋转异构化能的简便方法。这个方法的基本出发点是认为聚合物发生玻璃化转变时的自由体积，对不同结构的聚合物并非常数，其原因在于玻璃化转变时的聚合物体积膨胀系数部分地来自于分子链构象变化的贡献。分子链内旋转引起构象变化时，分子链的内旋转异构化能也相应地变化。因此玻璃化转变时，分子链的构象变化既对聚合物的体积膨胀系数有影响，又与分子链内旋转异构化能有联系，那么此时的聚合物的体积膨胀系数，与单个分子链的内旋转异构化能必然有某种联系。若用Δα·Tg（Δα是随态和玻璃态的体积膨胀系数）表示玻璃化温度Tg下，单个分子链处于能量状态∈的几率，Ng表示相同温度下，分子链中处于相同能量状态中的柔顺链分数，按照统计力学原理得到∈=-K·TgLn((Δα·Tg)/(1-Δα·Tg))。(1)