Hydrothermal synthesis, structure characterization of a new mixed Mo/V metal-oxygen cluster compound: [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V (Mo4V6IV)-V-VI M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O, (M=0.78Mo(V)+0.22V(IV))

A new polyoxometalate [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V Mo-4(VI) V-6(IV) M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O (M = 0.78Mo(V)+ 0.22V(IV)) 1 was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, ESR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound is in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with a = 12.0953(7) angstrom, b = 14.0182(6) angstrom, c = 14.6468(7) angstrom, V=2402.55(18) angstrom(3), alpha = 105.134(2), beta = 91.841(3), gamma = 91.401(2), Z = 1, and R-1 (wR(2)) = 0.0617 (0.1701). The compound was prepared from tetra-capped pseudo-Kepin with phosphorus-centered polyoxoanions [PMo8V6M2O44](5-) , [Co(phen)(3)](2+) cations and linked through hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interaction into three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Astudy of the magnetic properties of 1 demonstrates that it exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling interactions.

LaC_4~n(n=-2,-1,0,+1,+2)分子簇的结构与稳定性

本文用密度泛函方法研究了LaC4n(n=-2,-1,0,+1,+2)分子簇的结构与稳定性。振动频率分析表明，在所提出的九个构型中，当ｎ＝-2，0，+1，+2时，稀土位于碳环上最稳定，而当ｎ＝-1时，尽管稀土位于碳环上能量最低，但没有找到稳定的构型，我们的结果还指出，稀土元素是分子簇中对外部环境最敏感的部位，即最具有反应活性

锰含量对LiNi_(0.85-x)Co_(0.15)Mn_xO_2结构及形貌的影响

采用共沉淀法先合成出氢氧化物前驱体Ni0.85-xCo0.15Mnx(OH)2,其中X=0、0.1、0.2和0.4,前驱体与Li2CO3在空气气氛中固相烧结制得正极材料LiNi0.85-xCo0.15MnxO2。用XRD、SEM研究了锰含量对材料结构和形貌的影响。研究发现,LiNi0.85Co0.15O2的X射线衍射图中存在微量第二相,而锰掺杂有利于减小反应过程中锂离子损失和镍离子占据锂位,容易形成有序层状结构材料。随着Mn离子替代Ni离子量的增加,晶胞参数a减小,晶胞参数c、c/a及I003/I104值增大。SEM结果表明前驱体和最终产物形貌均随锰含量增加颗粒均匀性增强,粒子尺寸变小,粒径分布变窄。

980 nm 抽运下Yb-Tm-Ho 三掺氟磷酸盐玻璃的2 μm 荧光性质

The thermal stability, 2 μm fluorescence properties and energy transfer mechanism in Ho³⁺ doped fluorophosphate glass sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ were investigated. The characteristic temperatures, absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample were measured. ΔT calculated from the characteristic temperatures shows that the thermal stability of fluorophosphate glass is better than fluoride glass. According to the absorption spectrum, several spectroscopic parameters of the glass sample, such as Judd-Ofelt parameters and spontaneous transition probability were calculated and compared with other glass hosts. The largest spontaneous transition probability for Ho³⁺:⁵ I7&rarr⁵I8 transition in fluorophosphate glass which is 78.48 s^-1 indicates that fluorophosphate glass is an appropriate base glass to achieve 2 m fluorescence. From the fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample, the extremely strong 2.0 μm fluorescence intensity is observed, which is higher than the intensity of 1.8 μm fluorescence, showing that Ho³⁺ ions sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ is efficient. Meanwhile, the absorption sections and emission sections of Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ were calculated and the pumping scheme and energy transfer mechanism among Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ are discussed. The study indicates that Yb-Tm-Ho tri-doped fluorophosphate glass is a significant sensitization glass system under 980 nm excitation for 2 μm applications.

Property studies of optical waveguide formed by 6.0 MeV carbon ion implantation into Nd : silicate glass

Nd:silicate glass was implanted at room temperature by 6.0 MeV C3+ ions with a dose of 2.0 x 10(15) ions cm(-2). A waveguide with thickness of about 6.3 mu m was formed. The prism-coupling method was used to observe the dark modes of the waveguide at 633 nm and 1539 nm, respectively. There are three dark modes at 633 nm, of which one is the enhanced-index mode. The propagation loss of the enhanced-index mode in the waveguide measured at 633 nm is 0.42 dB cm(-1) after annealing at 217 degrees C for 35 min. The reflectivity calculation method was applied to simulate the refractive index profiles in the waveguide. The mode optical near-field output at 633 nm was presented.

利用微量热法研究Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)的毒性效应

利用微量热法研究Cd2 + 和Cu2 + 对嗜热四膜虫BF5(TetrahymenathermophilaBF5)生长代谢毒性效应 ,结果表明 :①低浓度的Cd2 + (0～ 0 .4mgL-1)和Cu2 + (0～ 10mgL-1)对四膜虫的生长有促进作用 ,而高浓度的Cd2 + (0 .8～ 3.2mgL-1)和Cu2 + (2 0～ 2 0 0mgL-1)则产生抑制作用 ;②Cd2 + 和Cu2 + 的半抑制浓度IC50 分别为 2 .0 4mg/L和15 5 .5mg/L ;③联合毒性为协同作用

湖水含盐量和Cu~(2+)浓度变化对Kinneret湖浮游植物的影响

通过人为改变湖水中的Cu2 + 浓度和含盐量的方法 ,Cu2 + 浓度和含盐量变化对Kinneret湖水中浮游植物可能造成的影响进行了分析。结果表明 ,湖水Cu2 + 浓度增加会抑制Kinneret湖水中藻类等浮游植物的生长 ,这对改善湖水水质来说是非常有利的 ,但高的Cu2 + 浓度对农作物生长和人类健康是有害的。在另一方面 ,对含盐量较低的约旦河水来说 ,适当增加Cu2 + 浓度则有利于藻类的生长。Kinneret湖中浮游植物的年平均生物量随湖水含盐量的下降而有增加的趋势 ,特别是当含盐量低于 2 0

Determinations of residual furazolidone and its metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), in fish feeds by HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS, respectively

The antibacterial drug furazolidone belonging to the group of nitrofuran antibacterial agents has been widely used as an antibacterial and antiprotozoal feed additive for poultry, cattle, and farmed fish in China. During application a large proportion of the administered drug may reach the environment directly or via feces. Although the use of furazolidone is prohibited in numerous countries, there are indications of its illegal use. It is known that furazolidone can be rapidly metabolized to 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) in the body of the target organism. In this study, a total of 21 fish feed samples, including 17 commercial fish feeds from local markets in China (representing 15 different formulations) and 4 fish feeds obtained from Germany and Turkey, respectively, are analyzed to determine whether the drug is still illegally used or commercially available feeds are contaminated by this drug. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) methods have been implemented to determine furazolidone and its metabolite AOZ in fish feeds containing animal protein, respectively. An efficient and convenient cleanup method for the determination of furazolidone in fish feeds is developed, and a simple cleanup method for the determination of AOZ is used. Method recoveries for samples used were determined as 87.7-98.3% for furazolidone at two spike levels of 2.0 and 5.0 ng g(-1) and as 95.6-102.8% for AOZ at spike levels of 0.4 and 0.8 ng g(-1). Limits of detections were 0.4 ng g(-1) for furazolidone and 0.05 ng g(-1) for AOZ. The established methods are therefore suitable for the determination of furazolidone and its metabolite AOZ in fish feeds at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, all fish feed samples have been proved to be furazolidone negative; however, AOZ is tested in 16 of 17 fish feeds obtained from local markets in the Hubei province of China, with a positive rate as high as 94.1%.

Influence of exotic Mn on magnetic properties of YCo5.0-xMnxGa7.0 (0.05 <= x <= 3.0)

The YCo5.0-xMnxGa7.0 compounds crystallize with the ScFe6Ga6-type structure. The lattice of YCo5.0-xMnxGa7.0 expands with the increase of the Mn content for 0.05 <= x <= 2.5, but the lattice of YCo2.0Mn3.0Ga7.0 shrinks compared with YCo2.5Mn2.5Ga7.0. The shrinkage of the lattice is attributed to the magnetostriction of YCo2.0Mn3.0Ga7.0. The substitution of Mn for Co forms magnetic clusters in the antiferromagnetic matrix. The magnetic frustration results in the spin-glass-like behavior for 0.8 <= x <= 1.5 and the difference between zero-field-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) magnetizations for x = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0. A stable long-range magnetic ordering appears among the Mn-centered magnetic clusters with the ordering temperature 110 K for x = 2.0. The hump in the thermomagnetization of YCo3.0Mn2.0Ga7.0 can be attributed to the competitive effects between the thermal fluctuation and the enhanced magnetic interaction. Both the hump and the bifurcation between the ZFC and the FC magnetizations of YCo3.0Mn2.0Ga7.0 occur at lower temperatures as the applied field increases. On the two-step magnetization curve of YCo3.0Mn2.0Ga7.0, the inflection point at 4000 Oe is due to the coercive field, and the magnetic moments in the clusters are tilted to the applied field above 4000 Oe. The magnetic ordering temperature is further increased to 210 K for x = 2.5 and to 282 K for x = 3.0. The spontaneous magnetization of YCo2.0Mn3.0Ga7.0 is 0.575 mu B/f.u. at 5 K with a canted magnetic structure.

Growth and characterization of 0.8-mu m gate length AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on sapphire substrates

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were grown on 2 inch sapphire substrates by MOCVD, and 0.8-mu m gate length devices were fabricated and measured. It is shown by resistance mapping that the HEMT structures have an average sheet resistance of approximately 380 Omega/sq with a uniformity of more than 96%. The 1-mm gate width devices using the materials yielded a pulsed drain current of 784 mA/mm at V-gs=0.5 V and V-ds=7 V with an extrinsic transconductance of 200 mS/mm. A 20-GHz unity current gain cutoff frequency (f(T)) and a 28-GHz maximum oscillation frequency (f(max)) were obtained. The device with a 0.6-mm gate width yielded a total output power of 2.0 W/mm (power density of 3.33 W/mm) with 41% power added efficiency (PAE) at 4 GHz.

Evaluating 0.53 eVGaInAsSbthermophotovoltaic diode based on an analytical absorption model

Radiant heat conversion performance dominated by the active layer of Ga0.84In0.16As0.14Sb0.86 diode has been systematically investigated based on an analytic absorption spectrum, which is suggested here by numerically fitting the limited experimental data. For the concerned diode configuration, our calculation demonstrates that the optimal base doping is 3-4 x 10(17) cm(-3), which is less sensitive to the variation of the external radiation spectrum. Given the scarcity of the alloy elements, an economical device configuration of the 0.2-0.6 mu m emitter and the 4-6 mu m base would be particularly acceptable because the corresponding conversion efficiency cannot exhibit discouraging degradation in comparison to the one for the optimal structure, the thickness of which may be up to 10 mu m. More importantly, the method we suggested here to calculate alloy absorption can be easily transferred to other composition, thus bringing great convenience for design or optimization of the optoelectronic device formed by these alloys.

2,3'-联吡啶还原合成毒藜碱、安那他品和异毒藜碱

本论文从2，3'-联吡啶出发，利用两个吡啶环上氮的反应活性差异，选择性合成了单烷基盐1-甲基-2，3，-联吡啶盐、1-甲基-1，一氧-2，3，-联吡啶盐和1'-甲基／节基2，3气联吡啶盐，还原单烷基盐合成了天然生物碱毒黎碱、安那他品和异毒黎碱及其衍生物：对异毒黎碱的合成由还原N，-节基盐后脱节基简化为一步实现还原和脱节基直接得到异毒黎碱。通过用（R）-BINOL和（S）-BINOL对N，-节基异毒黎碱拆分得到了旋光纯的N，-节基异毒黎碱和异毒黎碱，-N，-节基异毒黎碱的旋光度［a］D20：-61．50（c＝2．0，乙醇），卜异毒黎碱的旋光度fa］D20：-14．4"（c-1．0，乙醇）；将C关异毒黎碱用（RMTPA和（s）MT队衍生为Mosher酞胺，应用Mosllel方法确定了C）异毒黎碱手性中心的绝对构型为R型，即（R）-C）异毒黎碱，同时发现，由（R）一MTPA合成的Mosller酞胺中顺式旋转异构体占优。而通常在环胺的Mosller酞胺中，是反式旋转异构体占优。这一例外被MollteCarlo模型模拟计算结果解释：稀溶液中C卜异毒黎碱的Moshel－酞胺，顺式构型能量上比反式更有利。不对称合成天然生物碱更具有挑战性。对异毒黎碱还原合成中的呱l淀烯类中间体，用BINAP-灿催化体系进行了催化不对称还原的合成研究，氢化N'-节基-1，，4，，5，，6，-四氢一2，3，一联吡陡时得到了最高为21．5％的对映体选择性，而对N'-节基一1，，2'，5'，6，-四氢-2，3'一联吡陡的氢化则只得到了不超过10．0％的对映体选择性。

钼体系催化合成1,2－聚丁二烯的研究

本工作通过较系统地研究Ziegler-Natta型钼催化体系对丁二烯聚合的催化作用，发现一类活性很高的钼催化剂。此类催化剂以无毒，资源丰富的加氢汽油为溶剂，活性已接近工业化的Ni、Co、Ti等体系。同时，本工作又找到了大幅度调节聚合物分子量和链结构的方法，发现了具有活性聚合特点的钼催化体系，初步考察了钼体系催化丁二烯聚合的动力学行为；并利用红外光谱，~(13)C-NRM、X-射线衍射和热分析等方法研究了所得聚合物的链结构和聚集态结构，对聚合物的基本性能也进行了初步考察，发现所得聚合物的一些基本性能超过天然橡胶。此类高活性钼催化剂由MoCl_4OR和(i-Bu)_2AlOAr组成，R为C_(8-18)烷基，Ar为芳基。本催化体系在70 ℃下催化丁二烯聚合时，催化剂用量为Mo/J摩尔比等于4 * 10~(-5)时，转化率可达78％。本体系聚合物分子量可用烯丙基卤等调节，其中烯丙基碘的效果最好。在Mo/J = 8 * 10~(-5)时，烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比为0.1时即可使聚合物分子量下降约50万；烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比为10时，聚合物重均分子量即小于20万（不加烯丙基碘为270万）。本体系聚合物分子量分布很窄，聚合温度为30 - 70 ℃时，_W/_n为1.5-2.0；_W/_n与聚合温度呈直线关系，利用外推法估计和动力学考察，本体系在－18 ℃左右有可能引发活性聚合。本体系聚丁二烯含有85％以上1,2－链节，其1，2-链节含量也可以用某些极性添加剂来调节。利用烯丙基碘做调节剂，可制得1,2－链节含量高达98％的聚丁二烯。烯丙基碘还可以调节聚合物链节的立体构型和序列分布；随着烯丙基碘用量的增加，间同1,2－链节增多，全同和无规1,2－链节减少，序列分布的有规性增加，链结构趋于规整。根据动力学初步研究结果，本体系催化丁二烯聚合的速度对单体浓度呈一级关系，表现活化能为17.07千卡／摩卡，催化剂利用率为4％，链增长速度常数为: k_(p30℃) = 40 (升／摩尔·分，下同), k_(p40℃) = 97, k_(p50℃) = 267, k_(p60℃) = 508, k_(p70℃) = 12077。本体系聚合物在烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比小于2时，无论静态或拉伸下均为无定型；烯丙基碘/Mo摩尔比大于2而小于8时，静态下为无定型，而拉伸时产生结晶，与天然橡胶类似；烯丙基碘／Mo摩尔比大于8时，静态下亦有一定程度的结果。

卤化物基质中3m~(2+)离子光谱性质的研究

3m~(2+)离子在红区和红外区可以产生4f~6组态内的f-f跃迁锐线发射和d-f跃迁宽带发射。在某些基质中，这两种跃迁形式可以同时存在。由于d-f跃迁是原于宇称允许的跃迁，所以其发射强度要比4f~n组态内的f-f跃迁强得多。这可以保证对泵浦的有效吸收，提高光泵效率。而4f~n组态内部的f-f跃迁可以实现激光振荡，有利于提高储能降低阈值。所以研究3m~(2+)离子的光谱性质及其影响因素对于寻找和设计新的激光和发光材料有着重要意义。近年来，低价稀大离子的价态问题一直是人们力求探讨的问题，3m~(2+)离子具有极强的还原性和不稳定性，因此关于它的价态研究更具有特殊的意义。本论文采用了几种较简单的方法合成了三十种掺杂3m~(2+)离子的磷光体，分别经x－射线。荧光光谱等实验证实。其中有二十种未见过文献报道。在BaMgF_4:3m~(2+)等十七种体等中研究了基质格位的对称性，对于3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁性质的影响。如果3m~(2+)离子占据其质中有反演对称中心的点群位置，只有f－f磁偶极跃迁是可能的。这时，~5Do→~7F_1发射线最强。如果3m~(2+)离子占据基质中无反演对称中心的点群位置，f－f磁偶极跃迁和受迫电偶极跃迁都是可能的，这时~5Do→~7Fo发射线最强。在KMgF_3:3m~(2+)等四种体系中研究了电荷补偿效应对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁性质的影响。如果3m~(2+)离子取代基质中的一价阳离子，电荷补偿效应使3m~(2+)离子的局部对称性降低，结果f－f跃迁发射线增多。在NaMgF_4:3m~(2+)体系中研究了基质晶体构形变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃进性质的影响。NaMgF_3:3m~(2+)由立方相变为正多相时，3m~(2+)离子的点对称性降低，结果出现了~5Do→~7F_3、~5Do→~7F_4两组新线。讨论了晶场强度和化学键性质对于3m~(2+)离子跃迁形式的影响。在有小半径或高正电荷阳离子作为中间阳离子的复合氟化物体系中，3m~(2+)离子周围的晶场变弱，3m－F的共价性降低，结果不能产生d-f跃宽带发射，只能产生f－f跃迁锐线发射。在某些共价性较强的碱金属卤化物和碱S金属卤化物基质中，3m~(2+)离子受到较强的共价作用，这种作用产生主影响，结果能够产生3m~(2+)离子的d-f跃迁宽带发射。在KxNo_1-xMgF_3:3m~(2+)、KMgF_3-xClx:3m~(2+)、KMgF_(2.9)*0.1:3m~(2+) (X=F、Cl、Br、I)三种体系中研究了基质组成变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度的影响。在形成化合物或固熔体的条件下，基质组成变化如果导致了3m~(2+)离子对称性降低，3m~(2+)离子的f－f跃迁发射就增强。和阳离子组成的变化相比，阳离子变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度影响更大。和正交体等相比，立方体系中基质组成变化对3m~(2+)离子f－f跃迁发射强度的影响更大。在BaCl_2:3m~(2+)等六种体系中讨论了激活剂浓度变化对3m~(2+)离子发射强度的影响。3m~(2+)离子浓度萃取的临界值一般在0.02mol左右，在临界浓度为，随激活剂浓度的增加，3m~(2+)离子的发射强度增大。研究了高温分解3mF_3法制备KMgF_3:3m~(2+)过程中3m(III)→3m(II)的价态转变。由于基质反应的存在，产生了某些局部化学因素，有利于3mF_3的分解，实现了3m(III)→3m(II)的价态转化。在某些复合氟化物和碱S金属氟卤化体系中研究了基质结构因素对于3m~(2+)离子价态的影响。得出了稳定3m~(2+)离子的基质条件为：①基质中含有半径接近3m~(2+)离子的一价或二价阳离子② 复合基质的形成速度要快。找出了KMgF_3、NaMgF_3、BaClF、BaBrF等四种特别能够稳定3m~(2+)离子的基质。在MLnFs(M=Ca Sr Ba Ln=La Crd)考定了几种合成方法对于3m(III)→3m(II)价态转化的影响，其中3m粉还原法为最佳方法。

1. 大鼠海马-前额叶回路在学习记忆中的作用2. 芬克罗酮改善恒河猴空间工作记忆的谷氨酸机制

一、大鼠海马-前额叶回路在学习记忆中的作用 解剖学研究证实大鼠和猴的海马结构（hippocampal formation, HF；本文‘海马 (hippocampus, Hip)’一词即指海马结构）和前额叶 (prefrontal cortex, PFC) 之间存在一条单向、同侧和单突触的神经回路，即海马-前额叶回路（Hip-PFC回路）。Hip和PFC均参与学习记忆等多种认知功能，PFC是工作记忆的关键脑区，而Hip是空间参考记忆的关键脑区。虽然人们已经对PFC和Hip进行了广泛深入的研究，但对Hip-PFC回路参与哪些认知功能还知之甚少。本研究的目的就是通过暂时阻断Hip-PFC回路，探讨其在学习和记忆中的作用。 在大鼠，Hip-PFC回路中的纤维主要从Hip腹部 (ventral hippocampus, VH)发出，投射到PFC的前边缘皮质(prelimbic cortex, PLC)、下边缘皮质 (infralimbic cortex, ILC) 和外侧前额叶 (lateral prefrontal cortex) 等亚区，其中PLC是Hip-PFC主要投射的区域。我们通过给动物安装慢性导管向脑内注射GABAA受体激动剂muscimol (MU) 阻断Hip-PFC回路。注射位点包括 ①双侧PLC，②双侧VH，③一侧VH和对侧PLC (VH-PLC)。我们首先观察了在PLC或VH局部注射MU对自由活动大鼠PLC和VH脑电功率的影响，并以此确定在行为实验中所用蝇蕈醇的剂量。然后采用T-迷宫空间交互延缓作业 (spatial delayed alternation task) 测试Hip-PFC回路被阻断的动物的空间工作记忆功能；采用被动回避作业 (passive avoidance task) 测试其情绪相关记忆的能力（训练前给药；24 h后重测试）；采用Morris水迷宫作业 (Morris water maze task) 测试其空间参考记忆的能力（每天训练前给药；训练期（3 d）结束24 h后重测试）。结果表明：在大鼠PLC或VH局部注射0.5 μg/0.25μl MU后30 min显著抑制VH 和PLC的脑电功率 (VH, p < 0.01; PLC, p < 0.05 vs. PBS/baseline)。注射MU (0.5 μg/0.25μl) 到 ①双侧PLC、②双侧VH、③VH-PLC均显著降低动物在空间交互延缓作业 (All p < 0.001, vs. PBS) 和空间Morris水迷宫作业中的成绩 (All p < 0.05, vs. PBS)，表明Hip-PFC回路在空间工作记忆（空间短时记忆）和在空间参考记忆（空间长时记忆）中均起重要作用。在空间交互延缓作业中，双侧PLC被抑制的大鼠的成绩显著低于双侧VH或VH-PLC被抑制的动物，说明PFC在空间工作记忆功能中占有主导地位。在被动回避作业中，双侧VH被抑制动物的回避反应的潜伏期显著短于对照动物 (p < 0.05 vs. PBS)，说明双侧VH被抑制动物的情绪记忆受损；而双侧PLC或VH-PLC被抑制的动物其回避反应的潜伏期与对照动物无显著差异 (PLC, p > 0.9; VH-PLC, p > 0.3 vs. PBS)，表明双侧PLC或VH-PLC被抑制的动物情绪记忆正常。被动回避作业的结果说明VH参与情绪记忆的形成，但Hip-PFC回路在情绪记忆形成中不起重要作用。 以上结果表明，大鼠Hip-PFC回路参与空间工作记忆和空间参考记忆而不是情绪记忆功能。情绪记忆的关键脑结构是杏仁复合体 (amygdala complex, AMC)，VH与AMC有密切的纤维联系。VH被抑制的大鼠情绪记忆受损，说明情绪记忆可能与AMC-Hip回路有关。情绪记忆与空间记忆（参考记忆和工作记忆）在解剖上的分离说明，对于不同类型的记忆来说，其在脑内的信息加工过程是并行的。神经回路内部的信息加工过程则是串行的，回路上任何一个结构的破坏均可导致回路功能的损伤。本研究的结果为学习记忆的“多重记忆系统”理论和记忆信息加工的串行并行机制提供了新的实验证据。 二、芬克罗酮改善成年恒河猴空间工作记忆的谷氨酸机制 芬克罗酮是中科院昆明植物所郝小江等合成的取代吡咯烷酮类化合物。中科院昆明动物所蔡景霞等发现芬克罗酮能改善东莨菪碱、育亨宾等导致的多种动物的不同类型的学习记忆障碍，提高老年动物的学习记忆能力，尤其是老年猴的空间工作记忆。已证实芬克罗酮为部分钙激动剂，可使脑缺血沙土鼠脑内升高的谷氨酸降低，而使正常的沙土鼠海马胞外谷氨酸释放增加。那么芬克罗酮能否提高正常动物的学习记忆，其对正常动物学习记忆的提高是否与其增加谷氨酸的释放有关？本研究采用空间延缓反应作业和谷氨酸NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801在正常成年猴恒河猴上探讨了以上问题。 结果表明，口服芬克罗酮可显著提高成年猴的空间工作记忆，其量效曲线呈倒‘U’形，符合许多促智药的量效特点。0.25 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg为芬克罗酮的最佳有效剂量 (p < 0.05 vs. 安慰剂)。肌注MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) 显著降低成年猴的空间工作记忆 (p < 0.01 vs. 安慰剂)，而口服2.0 mg/kg和4.0 mg/kg的芬克罗酮则显著改善MK-801导致的工作记忆障碍 (p < 0.05 vs. MK-801)。芬克罗酮的所有测试剂量不影响猴在作业中的反应时 (p > 0.05 vs. 安慰剂)，表明芬克罗酮在该剂量范围不影响动物的运动能力。 本研究结果提示，芬克罗酮可能通钙激动作用促进谷氨酸的释放，在一定剂量范围内提高胞外谷氨酸水平，提高正常动物的空间工作记忆等认知功能。 关键词：芬克罗酮，恒河猴，空间工作记忆，空间延缓反应作业，谷氨酸，MK-801