30 resultados para TGT


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Sapphire crystals, 140 mm in diameter and 90 turn in height, have been grown by temperature gradient techniques (TGT). The growth direction of the boule was fixed by means of Lane X-ray diffraction. A prominent 204 nm absorption band in TGT-Al2O3. which does not appear in single crystals grown by Czochralski method has been studied. Analysis further substantiates the F-center model of this band. Two relatively weaker bands absorbing at 232 nm and 254 nm were ascribed to F+ centers. F-type centers concentration was determined using Smakula's equation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A V:YAG single crystal was grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) with graphite-heating elements. The as-grown crystal has different colorations of light green and yellow brown in different parts. Distribution of vanadium in three samples with different colorations was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. From the absorption spectrum of the yellow-brown part with peaks at 370, 820 and 1320nm, we can deduce that the reducing atmosphere of carbon diffused from the heating elements can increase the concentration of tetrahedral V3+ ions and induce F color centers. All three samples exhibited light-green color after annealing in vacuum or H-2 atmospheres. In the vacuum annealing process, the V3+ ions in tetrahedral positions were enhanced through two methods: one method is the exchanging of octahedral V3+ and tetrahedral Al3+ ions in neighboring sites under thermal excitation, the other is that F color centers were thoroughly eliminated and the escaped free electrons could be captured by V ions with higher valance states to further improve the concentration of tetrahedral V3+ ions. Besides the two mechanisms, the H-2 annealing process greatly improved the V-tetra(3+) ions through the reduction effect of H-2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Yb: YAG (Yb: Y3Al5O12) crystals have been grown by temperature-gradient techniques (TGT) and their color centers and impurity defects were investigated by means of gamma irradiations and thermal treatment. Two color centers located at 255 and 290 nm were observed in the as-grown TGT-Yb: YAG. Analysis shows that the 255 nm band may be associated with Fe3+ ions. Absorption intensity changes of the 290 nm band after gamma irradiation and thermal treatment indicate that this band may be associated with oxygen-vacancy defects. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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用温度梯度法(TGT)生长了大尺寸的Nd:YAG激光晶体,测试了室温下的吸收谱并利用吸收谱研究了Nd离子在YAG晶体中的分布。比较了温度梯度法与提拉法生长晶体的区别。根据热容激光的原理,利用生长的Nd:YAG激光晶体片设计了热容激光器,利用侧面抽运,获得了1200w的激光输出,工作时间为2s,光-光转换效率为30%。

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温度梯度法(temperature gradient technique,TGT)生长的Al2O3晶体因石墨发热体在高温时的挥发和原料中过渡性金属离子的存在,在不同部位呈现不同颜色,一般上部为浅红色,尾部为浅黄绿色.将TGT法生长的Al2O3晶体(Ф110×80mm^3)依次经过高温氧化气氛、高温还原气氛脱碳、去色退火实验,即“两步法”退火实验,晶体变成无色、透明.经测试,Al2O3晶体的完整性、光学透过率和光学均匀性均有显著提高.

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本文描述使用温梯法(TGT)生长(1-↑102)方向的白宝石单晶,应用X射线双晶摇摆曲线(XRC)测定了晶体内部的完整性,再利用KOH熔体腐蚀出样品的r面(1-↑102)上的位错蚀坑,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行观察,发现r面白宝石的位错腐蚀坑呈等腰三角形,并且有台阶状结构,并分析了位错的成因。

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温度梯度法(TGT)生长的Al2O3晶体因石墨发热体在高温时的挥发和原料中过渡性金属离子的存在,晶体在不同部位呈现不同颜色,一般上部为浅红色,尾部为浅黄绿色,将TGT法生长的Al2O3晶体(Ф110×80mm^3)依次经过高温氧化气氛、高温还原气氛脱碳、去色退火实验,即“两步法”退火实验,晶体变成无色、透明,经测试,Al2O3晶体的完整性、光学透过率和光学均匀性均有显著提高。

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A finite-element model is employed to analysis the thermal environments in Temperature Gradient Technique (TGT) furnace during the growth of large-sized Nd:YAG crystal. The obtained results show that when the crucible is located at the lower position inside of the heater, a flatter solid-liquid interface is established, which makes it easier to obtain the core-free Nd:YAG crystal. Meanwhile, the lower crucible position can induce higher axial temperature gradient, which is beneficial to the release of latent heat. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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Spectroscopic properties of Ce-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Ce:YAlO3 or Ce:YAP) crystals grown by temperature gradient technique (TGT) were investigated, and the effects of the growth conditions on the properties were analyzed.. Methods of optical absorption (OA), photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence decay (PLD), X-ray excited luminescence (XL) and cathodeluminescence (CL) were used in these investigations. The results showed that the absorption band peak at 202, 394 and 532 nm originated from F and F+ color center induced by the weak reducing growth atmosphere, green emission band near 500 ran derived from Ce3+ -Ce3+ pairs and band at 650 similar to 850 run from some unintentional impurity in crystals.

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用温度梯度法生长了直径为75mm大尺寸的Nd:YAG激光晶体,通过退火排除了生长过程中进入晶体的碳原子.用正交偏光显微镜观察了晶体的核心分布以及生长条纹.测试了室温下的吸收谱并利用吸收谱研究了Nd离子在YAG晶体中的分布.比较了温度梯度法与提拉法生长晶体的区别.

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r面(0112)蓝宝石晶体可用作制备非极性GaN薄膜的衬底。采用温度梯度法(temperature gradient technique,TGT)和导模法(edge-defined film-fed crystal growth,EFG)生长了质量良好的r面蓝宝石晶体。利用双晶衍射、光学显微镜、光谱仪观察和分析了晶体的结构和缺陷。结果表明:TGT法生长的r蓝宝石晶体的双晶摇摆曲线对称性好,半高宽值仅为18 rad.s,位错密度为4×103 cm-2,透过率达83%,晶体质量好。与TGT法相比,EFG法生长的r面蓝宝石晶体的结构完整性较差,位错密度为5×105 cm-2,透过率仅为75%。但是EFG法具有晶体生长速度快,后期加工成本低的优点。

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In this work, an alpha-Al2O3:C crystal with highly sensitive thermoluminescence was directly grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) using Al2O3 and graphite powders as raw materials. The optical and luminescent properties and the dosimetric characteristics of the crystal were investigated. An as-grown alpha-Al2O3:C crystal shows a single glow peak at 462 K and a blue emission peak at 415 nm. The thermoluminescence (TL) response of the crystal shows a linear-sublinear-saturation characteristic. In the dose range from 5 x 10(-6) to 10Gy, the alpha-Al2O3:C crystal shows excellent linearity, and saturation was observed at about 30Gy. The sensitivity of the crystal decreases as the heating rate increases. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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In this work. an alpha-Al2O3:C crystal was directly grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) using Al2O3 and graphite powders as the raw materials. The optical, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties and dosimetric characteristics of as-grown crystal were investigated. As-grown alpha-Al2O3:C crystal shows strong absorption band at 205, 230 and 256 nm. Three-dimensional thermoluminescence (TL) emission spectrum of the crystal shows a single emission peak at similar to 415 nm. The OSL decay curve can be fitted to two exponentials, the faster component and the slower component. The OSL response of the crystal shows a linear-sublinear-saturation characteristic. As-grown alpha-Al2O3:C crystal shows excellent linearity in the dose range from 5 x 10(-6) to 50 Gy. For doses higher than the saturation dose (100 Gy). the OSL sensitivity decreases as the dose increases. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), under certain conditions, shows a crystal transition between the alpha (TGT (G) over bar) and beta (TTT) forms, where T, G, and (G) over bar, respectively, denote trans, gauche, and minus gauche. We investigated the mechanism of this crystal transition by FT-TR and X-ray diffraction, which yielded consistent results. We also carried out differential scanning calorimeter experiments.