18 resultados para PIN entry


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讨论了采了MOCVD技术生长的平面型InGaAs/InP PIN器件的光学特性及制备工艺。通过引入InP窗口层并制备合适的抗反射膜, 提高了器件的量子效率, 达到~90%, 采用平面型结构有可能改善器件的稳定性和可靠性。图3参5

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X射线谱仪以其多用途、无损、操作简单、快速、价格低廉和运行费用很低等优点,己经成为应用最为广泛的多元素分析仪器。采用液氮冷却的X射线谱仪在荧光分析技术领域得到广泛的应用和普遍认可。液氮制冷的一个主要缺点是必须有一个液氮存储罐作为完整谱仪的一部分。从而,在实际应用中受到液氮价格贵和液氮供应厂少的限制,大大地制约了该种谱仪的进一步推广使用。如果能采用另外的技术得到足够低的温度,在此温度下探测器具有极低的漏电流,也可使X射线谱仪有极低的噪声和相当好的能量分辨率;因此克服上述限制就成为一个有重要意义的课题方向。本文在国内首次实现采用半导体电制冷技术对平面离子注入(Si一PIN)探测器制冷,降低探测器漏电流至10~(-13)以下,配合低噪声脉冲光反馈前放,成功地使得整个x射线谱仪能量分辨率达到262eV(对~(55)Fe的Mn Kα K射线)。虽然电制冷X射线谱仪的分辨率没有采用液氮冷却的好,但是它的性能已足够在包括利用X射线能量分离进行荧光分析等多种应用所需。考虑到元素周期表中钾元素以上的毗邻两元素的Ka特征X射线的能量差在380eV以上;例如,K和Ca的峰线宽分别是243eV和245 eV,由此得到电制冷X射线谱仪己可完成对K, C a和更高Z的元素进行能散荧光分析工作。并且,液氮罐的取消可方便的设计在野外使用的便携式X射线荧光分析设备。 文中全面介绍了X射线谱仪的各个组成部分和其背景知识。并详细描述了探测器系统、电制冷系统和低噪声电子学系统,充分展示了研制X射线谱仪的关键所在。最后给出了电制冷X射线谱仪的测试结果和应用设计。

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Hydrogen entry and permeation into iron were measured by an electrochemical method during atmospheric corrosion reaction. The hydrogen permeation was enhanced on passive films because the hydrogen adsorption increased by the hydrogen evolution mechanism which is different from that on a bear iron surface. The permeation rate during a wet and dry corrosion cycle showed a maximum in the drying process depending upon the surface pH and the corrosion potential. The pollutant such as Na2SO3 which decreases the pH and the corrosion potential causes an increase in the permeation rate. The mechanism of the change in the permeation rate during the wet and dry cycles is explained by the polarization diagram of the electrode covered by thin water layer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.