35 resultados para Links and link-motion.
Resumo:
The hydrodynamics of a free flapping foil is studied numerically. The foil undergoes a forced vertical oscillation and is free to move horizontally. The effect of chord-thickness ratio is investigated by varying this parameter while fixing other ones such as the Reynolds number, the density ratio, and the flapping amplitude. Three different flow regimes have been identified when we increase the chord-thickness ratio, i.e., left-right symmetry, back-and-forth chaotic motion, and unidirectional motion with staggered vortex street. It is observed that the chord-thickness ratio can affect the symmetry-breaking bifurcation, the arrangement of vortices in the wake, and the terminal velocity of the foil. The similarity in the symmetry-breaking bifurcation of the present problem to that of a flapping body under constraint is discussed. A comparison between the dynamic behaviors of an elliptic foil and a rectangular foil at various chord-thickness ratios is also presented.
Resumo:
为了减少由于加速度所导致的激光双频干涉仪测量误差,引入二阶多普勒频移,建立了由被测物体加速度所引起的测量误差的理论模型。仿真结果表明,在0.4s时间内0.6g加速度所引起的累积误差可达2.5 nm左右,这对于纳米精度的测量是不应忽视的; 初速度不为零时加速运动会引起更大的误差,而减速运动所引起的误差则相对小。通过实验验证,所测的误差变化趋势与理论模拟比较吻合。
Resumo:
Within the framework of the pilot heavy-ion therapy facility at GSI equipped with an active beam delivery system of advanced raster scanning technique, a feasibility study on actively conformal heavy-ion irradiation to moving tumors has been experimentally conducted. Laterally, real-time corrections to the beam scanning parameters by the raster scanner, leading to an active beam tracing, compensate for the lateral motion of a target volume. Longitudinally, a mechanically driven wedge energy degrader (called depth scanner) is applied to adjust the beam energy so as to locate the high-dose Bragg peak of heavy ion beam to the slice under treatment for the moving target volume. It has been experimentally shown that compensations for lateral target motion by the raster scanner and longitudinal target shift by the depth scanner are feasible.
Resumo:
The vertical growth of seagrasses in response to burial by migration of bedforms is combined with dating techniques to provide precise and rapid estimates of the migration speed of subaqueous dunes over seagrass patches. Two methods to estimate the time interval between the passage of successive dunes and the motion of single dunes through seagrass patches are described. The second method is more precise. The application of these methods to vegetated (Cymodocea nodosa) subaqueous dunes in the Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean) showed that the dunes traveled at an average speed of $13.0 \pm 0.6 m yr^-1$ and demonstrated that the methods can resolve migration speeds from 0.15 to $980 m yr^-1$ with this particular seagrass species. In areas vegetated with different seagrass species, bedform migration can be estimated over different time scales. The strong coupling between seagrass and sediment dynamics resembles the coupling of vegetation and land dunes.
Resumo:
区域土壤侵蚀与环境研究,是在比较大的中间尺度和较长的时间尺度上,对土壤侵蚀发生发展过程、土壤侵蚀因子、土壤侵蚀定量评价方法,以及土壤侵蚀治理对环境的影响进行研究的科学与技术体系。该领域的研究,即能直接为国家水土保持宏观决策提供支持,又能揭示土壤侵蚀的宏观规律,并于全球变化研究相联系。我国在该领域的研究主要概括四个方面,包括:①区域土壤侵蚀因子研究,是为认识土壤侵蚀环境特征和进行土壤侵蚀定量评价的基础,②区域土壤侵蚀评价研究,包括调查制图、定性评价和定量评价等,是该研究服务于水土保持实践的基本途径;③水土保持的环境效应研究,是从另外一个视角对土壤侵蚀环境与水土流失及其治理关系的认识。是确切评估水土保持效益,保证水土保持工作健康持续稳定发展的基础。今后应尽快开发区域水土流失定量评价模型,并在区域尺度上对环境效应的方式、范围、程度和发展趋势做出综合计价和分析预测。
Resumo:
A method for the prediction of gas permeabilities (P) through polymers from their chemical structure has been developed on the basis of the ratio of molar free volume to molar cohesive energy, V(f)/E(coh). The permeation of small gas molecules through polymer membranes is dependent on the chain packing density measured by V(f) and segmental motion of polymer chains measured by E(coh). But no simple relationship between P and V(f) or E(coh) alone was found. The permeability data of more than 60 polymers covering 7 orders of magnitude for six gases have been treated with linear regression analysis. All plots of log P vs. V(f)/E(coh) gave good straight lines. It is also found that a linear relationship holds when plotting both the intercepts and slopes of log P vs. V(f)/E(coh) lines against square of the diameters of gas molecules. Therefore, the permeabilities of all the non-swelling gases through a great variety of polymers can be estimated using two correlations above. Moreover, this method is more accurate than others in the literature and may found useful for the selection of gas separation or barrier membrane materials.
Resumo:
提出了一种可变形移动机器人AMOEBA-I的协同构形变换方法,建立了机器人系统的数学模型,对各个模块之间的协同变换及运动特性进行了分析.研究了机器人3个模块在协同变换过程中的电流变化情况,实现了3种特殊构形之间的变换.通过理论分析和实验比较了协同构形变换方法的特点,实验验证了在多种地面条件下机器人协同构形变换方法的有效性.
Resumo:
蛇形机器人具有比传统移动机器人更强的运动能力,为实现机器人的三维运动而开发的蛇形机器人巡视者II是一个具有强驱动力和高机动性的三维蛇形机器人。它由具有3自由度的模块化单元组成,该单元具有俯仰、偏航和回转3自由度,单元的俯仰和偏航运动是通过由3个伞齿轮组成的差速机构耦合驱动。该单元的圆柱形外壳周围安装有一系列的被动轮来增加机器人运动灵活性。对蛇形机器人模块单元的自由度作了详细分析,并基于机器人的运动机动性设计三维蛇形机器人的单元结构。给出蛇形机器人的控制系统结构,并对耦合变量进行解耦。将蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动和扭转运动两种基本步伐应用到巡视者II上,试验结果证明了该三维蛇形机器人具有很强的机动性和运动能力。
Resumo:
提出了一种新型爬壁机器人机构,介绍了机构的构型及结构特点,推导了运动学正、逆解方程式,规划了直线行走、平面旋转及交叉面跨越三种运动模式.机构构型及运动模式的分析表明,该机构具有体积小、运动特性较好的特点.仿真结果证明,该机器人在运动过程中所需吸附力矩较小且占据的空间较少.
Resumo:
本文提出了一种适用于新型可重构星球机器人的模块化控制系统,根据机构和运动特性,基于CAN总线和分布式控制器技术,将系统结构和功能分解成不同模块由各自的控制器独立执行,建立具有任务层和运动层的分层次控制结构,实现了组合式规划、分布式控制的混合式控制方法。本文设计了两种不同的控制器,并采用PPG脉冲宽度调节方法实现了对在机器人上使用的R/C电机的标定和控制。通过在子机器人原理样机上进行实验,验证了这套控制系统和控制体系结构的可行性。
Resumo:
提出了一种简单、新颖的在动态未知环境下的移动机器人运动规划方法.此方法基于相对坐标系,通过传感器信息实时调整机器人的行为来实现规划.在规划过程中,机器人有两种行为:向目标运动和避碰,且避碰行为具有优先权.机器人两种行为的切换是基于加速度空问的,首先解决的是避碰问题,而向目标运动是作为避碰的反问题来考虑的.仿真研究验证了此规划方法的有效性。
Resumo:
介绍了沈阳自动化研究所研制的蛇形机器人机械结构和控制结构。在分析蛇形曲线的基础上,提出幅值调整法、相位调整法和侧移调整法三种新方法,来处理蛇形机器人侧向滑动带来的方位偏转和完成蛇形机器人自主转弯控制,并给出几种方法的量化关系,建立动力学仿真模型进行了运动仿真。幅值调整法虽然使蛇形机器人转弯角度受到限制但却保证了运动的连续性和稳定性。相位调整法能够使蛇形机器人准确地完成转弯运动。侧移调整法能够实现蛇形机器人前进过程中的侧向位置调整,同时保证运动方向的准确性。将上述方法应用到蛇形机器人的控制中,用仿真和试验验证了以上方法的有效性。
Resumo:
水下滑翔机器人是一种新型的水下机器人,可以作为水下监测平台用于大范围、长时间的大尺度海洋环境监测作业。文中调查了水下滑翔机器人的国内外发展现状,分析了其可能的应用领域。详细介绍了中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所开发的水下滑翔机器人系统,包括载体外形优化设计、载体结构设计和控制系统设计。分析了水下滑翔机器人定常滑翔运动和空间螺旋会转运动的运动性能。
Resumo:
为了缩短深海载人潜器控制系统的开发周期,测试系统性能,根据载人潜器的自身特点,构建和实现了载人潜器所有传感器、执行器设备模拟,以及潜器在海底实景的运动状态的半物理虚拟仿真系统。首先,以仿真系统的硬件架构和数据流程为基础,重点介绍了潜器设备模拟的软件体系结构;其次,在仿真平台上测试了各种网络数据的传输延迟,分析了其整体性能;最后,得出了潜器控制器设计的时间约束。现阶段整个系统已经开发成功,并投入运行到潜器控制系统的安装调试中。
Resumo:
介绍了载人潜水器的构成及推进器的布置,在此基础上导出了载人潜水器的推力分配方程。阐述了载人潜水器的运动控制。最后,将运动控制系统在载人潜水器半物理仿真平台上进行了验证,运动控制效果良好。