Self-consistent kinetic modeling of electron distribution function in a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma

Based upon the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation in two-term approximation coupled with electromagnetic and fluid model analysis for the recently developed inductively coupled plasma sources, a self-consistent electron kinetic model is developed. The electron distribution function, spatial distributions of the electron density and ionization rate are calculated and discussed.

基于变形修正的局部刚体化动力模型简化方法

提出一种基于变形修正的动力模型简化方法,以复杂工程结构的有限元模型为基础,根据运动同步性假设将结构分成若干同步性区域,采用适当的位移模式去逼近位移真值,再通过总体应变能最小来优化,从而得到整体位移与局部位移模式间的转换关系,算例结果表明了简化方法的有效性.

基于柔度修正的局部刚体化结构动力模型简化方法

提出一种基于柔度修正的局部刚体化结构动力模型简化方法.以复杂工程结构的有限元模型为基础,根据运动同步性假设将结构分成若干同步性区域,对每个区域引入准刚体模态,实现对结构的简化.同时对简化方法进行误差分析,利用柔度修正的思路实现对简化变化矩阵的修正,得到更精确的简化结果.以海洋平台结构作为算例应用该方法,得到了比较满意的简化结果.

三峡升船机系统动态响应分析

根据三峡升船机最新设计报告,采用有限元软件ANSYS构建了升船机系统有限元模型,包括承船厢、提升钢索、滑轮组、平衡重、厢内水体、驱动机构和刹车机构;通过数值模拟,对升船机系统进行了模态分析及动态响应研究,内容包括升船机系统的流固耦合模态及其在各种工况(起动、刹车、事故)下的动态响应和影响因素分析,如弹簧刚度、误载水深、阻尼、承船厢的位置等.计算结果表明:对于升船机这样一个复杂系统,该文所建立的有限元模型及数值算法是合理的,其结果可为升船机系统整体设计提供必要的参考.

永乐大钟及悬挂支撑系统的撞钟过程瞬态分析

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对永乐大钟及其悬挂支撑系统建立了有限元模型,进行了撞钟过程有限元瞬态分析及动力强度校核。通过有限元计算,获得了大钟各局部考察对象及整体的应力、位移分布情况和各部分的动力响应和对强度的影响,为合理撞钟和加固提供了科学依据与技术指导。

Motion simulation of annular polishing

Based on the Coulomb friction model, the frictional motion model of workpiece relating to the polishing pad was presented in annular polishing. By the dynamic analysis software, the model was simulated and analysed. The conclusions from the results were that the workpiece did not rotate steadily. When the angular velocity of ring and the direction were the same as that of the polishing pad, the angular velocity of workpiece hoicked at the beginning and at the later stage were the same as that of the polishing pad before contacting with the ring. The angular velocity of workpiece vibrated at the moment of contacting with the ring. After that the angular velocity of workpiece increased gradually and fluctuated at a given value, while the angular velocity of ring decreased gradually and also fluctuated at a given value. Since the contact between the workpiece and the ring was linear, their linear velocities and directions should be the same. But the angular velocity of workpiece was larger than that of the polishing pad on the condition that the radius of the workpiece was less than that of the ring. This did not agree with the pure translation principle and the workpiece surface could not be flat, either. Consequently, it needed to be controlled with the angular velocity of ring and the radii of the ring and the workpiece, besides friction to make the angular velocity of workpiece equal to that of the polishing pad for obtaining fine surface flatness of the workpiece. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.}

新疆阜康地区森林资源与环境的空间分析

研究了新疆阜康地区森林植被资源与环境的特征和其30年来的变化，利用Arcinfo强大的空间分析功能，对资源、DEM模型、景观指数、环境价值和新疆降水量的地统计学规律进行较全面的分析。本文分为五个部分： 1、新疆阜康地区森林资源与环境空间数据库的建立森林资源与环境空间数据库的建立是它们空问分析的基础。利用多期的遥感图象和该区的地形图，建立森林分类图形和属性库（包括森林和环境自变量集）一体化的GIS空间数据库。为了提高TM遥感图象的分类精度，利用ERDAS图象处理软件，对它进行包括主成分、降噪、去条带和自然色彩变换等增强处理，采用监督分类和人工判读相结合的方法进行分类，采用R2V、ERDAS、Arcview、Arcinfo等软件的集成，使得小班面层与某些线层的无缝联接。成功地形成一套适于西部GIS的森林资源与环境空间数据库的技术路径。此外，对新疆阜康北部地区森林资源动态进行初步分析。 2、新疆阜康地区数字高程模型(DEM)及其粗差检测分析为了提高生态建模的精度，模拟和提取该区的地面特征至关重要。在已建立的森林资源与环境空间数据库的支持下，利用Arcinfo和ERDAS，建立了新疆阜康地区的1：5万数字高程模型(DEM)。通过提取地形的海拔、坡度、坡向特征因子，分析森林植被的垂直分布。通过对DEM的粗差检测分析，分析阜康地区的数字高程模型精度。 3、新疆阜康地区景观格局变化分析在1977年、1987年、1999年森林资源与环境空间数据库的支持下，利用景观分析软件编制三个时段的新疆阜康地区植被景观类型图，并分析了近30年来新疆阜康地区景观动态与景观格局变化。结果表明：①在此期间整个研究区的斑块数减少，斑块平均面积扩大，景观中面积在不同景观要素类型之间的分配更加不均衡，景观面积向少数几种类型聚集。说明了在这期间阜康地区的景观类型有向单一化方向发展的趋势;②农耕地分布呈破碎化的趋势，斑块平均面积变小，斑块间离散程度也更高：这些变化说明人为的经济活动在阜康地区的加剧，③天然林面积减少较多，水域的面积却呈现上升的趋势，冰川及永久积雪的面积呈下降趋势， 4、新疆阜康地区森林生态效益的初步分析从广义森林生态效益定义出发，针对12种森林生态效益因变量不完全独立、且各自的自变量集不完全相同，引入具有多对多特征且整体上相容的似乎不相关广义线性模型。通过构造12种森林生态效益的“有效面积系数”和“市场逼近系数”，在森林资源与环境空间数据库的支持下，对新疆阜康地区两期的森林生态效益进行科学的计量。结果表明：新疆阜康地区的森林生态效益货币量1987年是90673.8万元，1999年是84134.4万元，总体上呈下降趋势。 5、利用新疆气象站资料研究年降雨量的空间分布规律利用ArcGIS地统计学模块，在2000年新疆气候信息空间数据库和新疆DEM模型的支持下，做出了新疆地区的年降水量空间分布图。根据新疆气候资料建立趋势而分析模型、模拟了新疆降水量空间分布的趋势值。采用3种算法（距离权重法、普通Kriging法、协同Kriging方法）计算并比较分析了研究区多年的平均降水量的时空变化。利用模拟产生的精度最优的栅格降水空间数据库，建立的多年平均降水资源信息系统，可快速计算研究区内任一地域单元中降水的总量及其空间变化，可以生成高精度的气候要素空间分布图。

并行计算模型参数动态分析软件包设计

并行计算模型的发展引入越来越多的模型参数。对并行计算模型参数动态采集分析软件包DEMPAT的整体框架进行研究,实现基于硬件性能计数器的存储层次参数采集模块。实验表明,该模块能够准确快速地获取存储层次参数且具有较好的可移植性。

黄土高原典型草原区草地土壤种子库的动态分析

采用野外调查取样和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了黄土高原典型草原区草地土壤种子库的物种组成、密度、时空格局和物种多样性等特征。结果表明,(1)土壤种子库中共统计到37个物种,隶属于16科,其中禾本科、菊科、唇形科、豆科和毛茛科的植物占优势。(2)从返青期到枯黄期,种子库中豆科、禾本科、堇菜科所占比例呈下降趋势,唇形科和菊科所占比例明显提高,种子库的密度也显著提高。(3)种子库中种子数量在垂直分布上呈现出由表层土壤向深层逐层减少的变化规律;在水平分布上的变化规律为:封禁>放牧;阴坡>阳坡;下坡>中坡>上坡。(4)封禁地土壤种子库中的Margalef丰富度和Shannon—Wienner指数都高于放牧地,Pielou均匀性指数低于放牧地。从返青期到枯黄期,封禁地和放牧地土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度、Shannon—Wienner指数、Pielou均匀性指数都呈下降趋势。

Speed of the internal pellet target in CSRm

Pellet target is one of the main candidate targets in CSRm (cooler storage ring’s main ring) for hadron physics studies. Pellet speed is an important physical parameter for the target. Larger pellet speed could shorten the interacting time interval between the pellet and the cyclotron beam, and thus results in a small temperature variation for the pellet. This could make the pellet facility work in a stable condition. A fluid dynamic simulation was carried out for the pellet speed, and it was found that the maximum speed for the target pellet may be restricted to about 100 m/s even if all working parameters were set to their optimal values.

Speed of the internal pellet target in CSRm

Pellet target is one of the main candidate targets in CSRm (cooler storage ring’s main ring) for hadron physics studies. Pellet speed is an important physical parameter for the target. Larger pellet speed could shorten the interacting time interval between the pellet and the cyclotron beam, and thus results in a small temperature variation for the pellet. This could make the pellet facility work in a stable con-dition. A fluid dynamic simulation was carried out for the pellet speed, and it was found that the maxi-mum speed for the target pellet may be restricted to about 100 m/s even if all working parameters were set to their optimal values.

兰州CSRm小丸内靶热力学和流体力学的研究

兰州CSRm内靶终端是进行强子物理实验的平台，可开展奇异介子产生和衰变的研究、重子谱的研究、多夸克态的研究及介子介质效应和手征对称破缺与恢复等多方面的研究。这些物理目标都需要内靶实验终端提供足够多的事件率，并能进行准确的径迹构建。在众多候选的内靶装置中，小丸靶具有其它内靶所欠缺的优点，如可以获得与外靶实验相比拟的实验亮度，可以配置4π立体角的探测器单元等。因此，小丸靶被确定为CSRm内靶实验终端中的主要内靶之一。小丸内靶（Pellet Internal Target）就是将氦以外的某种气体通过低温冷却而形成的固体微球。小丸内靶靶束与储存环离子束在反应室正交并发生相互作用，其反应事例被反应室周围环绕的探测器单元探测到并被记录下来。这篇论文对小丸内靶装置的结构进行了简要的介绍，并对小丸在反应室内的热力学行为进行了模拟。计算表明，靶丸速度是影响靶丸在反应区正常运行的重要因素之一。靶丸速度越大，靶丸在反应室内爆炸的可能性越小。通过对小丸的速度进行的流体动力学分析，发现即使对所有实验条件进行优化，小丸内靶的速度至多能达到100 m/s左右

GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVE OF C-60-C60S+

Gas phase ion-molecular reactions of C-60 with the ion system of CS2 have been studied in the ion source of mass spectrometer. It was found for the first time that the sulfuric derivative of C-60-C60S+ was the main ions in the ion source, they did not react with C-60 to form adduct ions due to their highly saturated structures. According to the dynamic analysis, the product ion came from the reaction of C-60 with the fragment ion S+. The adduct ion may have the structure of epsulfide that is advantageous in energy.

A simple and low-cost airlift photobioreactor for microalgal mass culture

A simple, low-cost, and efficient airlift photobioreactor for microalgal mass culture was designed and developed. The reactor was made of Plexiglas, and composed of three major parts: outer tube, draft tube and air duct. The fluid-dynamic characteristics of the airlift reactor were studied. The system proved to be well suited to the mass cultivation of a marine microalga, Chlorella sp. In batch culture, the biomass volumetric output rate of 0.21 g l(-1) d(-1) was obtained at the superficial gas velocity of 4 mm s(-1) in the draft tube.

Comparison of photobioreactors for cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes

Undaria pinnatifida gametophytes were grown in 2.5 l bubble column and airlift reactor at 25 degreesC and light intensity of 40 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for 6 days. With aeration at 1 l min(-1), the airlift reactor yielded higher growth rate (0.12 mg DW ml(-1) d(-1)) than a bubble column (0.08 mg DW ml(-1) d(-1)). The advantages were related to the more homogeneous fluid dynamic characteristics of the airlift reactor.