Tensile Tests Of Micro Anchors Anodically Bonded Between Pyrex Glass And Aluminum Thin Film Coated On Silicon Wafer

Micro anchor is a kind of typical structures in micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), and it can be made by anodic bonding process, with thin films of metal or alloy as an intermediate layer. At the relative low temperature and voltage, specimens with actually sized micro anchor structures were anodically bonded using Pyrex 7740 glass and patterned crystalline silicon chips coated with aluminum thin film with a thickness comprised between 50 nm and 230 nm. To evaluate the bonding quality, tensile pulling tests have been finished with newly designed flexible fixtures for these specimens. The experimental results exhibit that the bonding tensile strength increases with the bonding temperature and voltage, but it decreases with the increase of the thickness of Al intermediate layer. This kind of thickness effect of the intermediate layer was not mentioned in the literature on anodic bonding. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Of Peo Coating On Aluminum Alloy In Nacl Solution

Various Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) ceramic coatings were prepared on LY12 aluminum alloy by adjusting the concentration of sodium silicate solution. Optical microscope (OM), XRD and EIS were used to study their morphology, composition and anti corrosion behavior in NaCl solution. Increasing concentration of sodium silicate leads to the increase of the total coating thickness while too high and too low concentration lead to the decrease of inner dense layer. The main composition of PEO coatings prepared in 20, 40 and above 60g/L concentration solution are correspondingly alumina, alumina with mullite, and amorphous phase. The corrosion resistance is determined by the inner dense layer. Increasing the thickness of inner dense layer can improve the anti-corrosion performance. PEO coating's corrosion resistance in acidic, alkaline and neutral NaCl solution is proved and the corrosion mechanism involved is also discussed.

Growth Mechanism And Corrosion Behavior Of Ceramic Coatings On Aluminum Produced By Autocontrol Ac Pulse Peo

Ceramic coatings are produced on aluminum alloy by autocontrol AC pulse Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) with stabilized average current. Transient signal gathering system is used to study the current, voltage, and the transient wave during the PEO process. SEM, OM, XRD and EDS are used to study the coatings evolution of morphologies, composition and structure. TEM is used to study the micro profile of the outer looser layer and inner compact layer. Polarization test is used to study the corrosion property of PEO coatings in NaCl solution. According to the test results, AC pulse PEO process can be divided into four stages with different aspects of discharge phenomena, voltage and current. The growth mechanism of AC PEO coating is characterized as anodic reaction and discharge sintering effect. PEO coating can increase the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy by one order or two; however, too long process time is not necessarily needed to increase the corrosion resistance. In condition of this paper, PEO coating at 60 min is the most protective coating for aluminum alloy substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.

Interface Fracture Property Of Peo Ceramic Coatings On Aluminum Alloy

This paper combines the four-point bending test, SEM and finite element method to study the interface fracture property of PEO coatings on aluminum alloy. The interface failure mode of the coating on the compression side is revealed. The ceramic coating crack firstly along the 45 degrees to the interface, then the micro crack in the coating deduces the interface crack. The plastic deformation observed by SEM shows excellent adhesion property between the coating and substrate. The plastic deformation in the substrate is due to the interfacial crack extension, so the interface crack mode of PEO coatings is ductile crack. The results of FEM show that the compression strength is about 600 MPa. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Embryo-damage induced nucleation of microcracks in an aluminum-alloy under impact loading

The nucleation of microdamage under dynamic loading was investigated through planar impact experiments accomplished with a light gas gun. The microscopic observation of recovered and sectioned specimens showed that microcracks were nucleated only by cracking of brittle particles inside material. However, for comparison the in situ static tensile tests on the same material conducted with a scanning electron microscope showed that the microcracks were nucleated by many forms those were fracture of ductile matrix, debonding particles from matrix and cracking of brittle particles. The quantitative metallographic observations of the specimens subjected to impact loading showed that most of the cracked particles were situated on grain boundaries of the aluminium matrix. These facts suggested the concept of critical size and incubation time of submicroscopic cavities in the dynamic case and the mechanism of embryo-damage induced nucleation by fracture of brittle particles in the aluminium alloy under impact loading was proposed.

Spall damage in aluminum-alloy

A void growth relations for ductile porous materials under intense dynamic general loading condition is presented. The mathematical model includes the influence of inertial effects, material rate sensitivity, as well as the contribution of void surface energy and material work-hardening. Numerical analysis shows that inertia appears to resist the growth of voids. The inertial effects increase quickly with the loading rates. The theoretical analysis suggests that the inertial effects cannot be neglected at high loading rates. Plate-impact tests of aluminum alloy are performed with light gas gun. The processes of dynamic damage in aluminum alloy are successfully simulated with a finite-difference dynamic code in which the theoretical model presented in this paper is incorporated.

Microstructures of explosively consolidated rapidly solidified aluminum and Al-Li alloy powders

The microstructures and the characteristics of water-atomized, nitrogen gas-atomized Al powders and ultrasonic argon gas-atomized Al-Li alloy powder were investigated by means of metallography, SEM, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Rapidly solidified powders were explosively consolidated into different sized cylinders under various explosive parameters. The explosively consolidated compacts have been tested and analysed for density microhardness, retention of rapidly solidified microstructures, interparticle bonding, fractography and lattice distortion. It is shown that the explosive consolidation technique is an effective method for compacting rapidly solidified powders. The characteristics of surface layers play a very important role in determining the effectiveness of the joints sintered, and the Al-Li alloy explosive compacts present an abnormal softening appearance compared to the original powder.

Experimental-study on the criteria and mechanism of spallation in an aluminum-alloy

In this paper, a damage function defined by the residual strength of spalled specimens of an aluminium alloy is given to characterize the spallation of the material. Based on this function a simple method for continuously describing the spallation may be developed. Stress wave profiles showing the signal of spallation were successfully obtained with carbon gauges. Microscopic observations of the spalled aluminium alloy specimens reveal that the nucleation of spallation initiates from cracking of the second phase particles. Spallation is a process of crack nucleation, growth and coalescence to final, complete disintegration.

Formation of dendritic nanostructures in Pyrex glass anodically bonded to silicon coated with an aluminum thin film

Anodic bonding with thin films of metal or alloy as an intermediate layer, finds increasing applications in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. At the bonding temperature of 350 degrees C, voltage of 400 V, and 30 min duration, the anodic bonding is completed between Pyrex glass and crystalline silicon coated with an aluminum thin film with a thickness comprised between 50 and 230 nm. Sodium-depleted layers and dendritic nanostructures were observed in Pyrex 7740 glass adjacent to the bonding interface. The sodium depletion width does not increase remarkably with the thickness of aluminum film. The dendritic nanostructures result from aluminum diffusion into the Pyrex glass. This experimental research is expected to enhance the understanding of how the depletion layer and dendritic nanostructures affect the quality of anodic bonding. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic properties of neodymium doped high silica glass and aluminum codoping effects on the enhancement of fluorescence emission

Nd3+ -codoped and Al3+-Nd3+-codoped high silica glasses have been prepared by sintering nanoporous glasses impregnated with Nd3+ stop and Al3+ ions. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(2,4,6) of Nd3+-doped high silica glasses were obtained and used to analyze aluminum codoping effects. Fluorescence properties of Nd3+-doped high silica glasses strongly depend on the Al3+ concentration. While Nd3+ ion absorption and emission intensities of obviously increase when aluminum is added to Nd3+-doped high silica glasses, fluorescence lifetimes decrease and aluminum codoping has almost no influence on the radiative quantum efficiencies. This indicates that aluminum codoping is responsible for an anti-quenching effect through a local modification of rare-earth environments rather than through physical cluster dispersion.

Nano-polypyrrole supercapacitor arrays prepared by layer-by-layer assembling method in anodic aluminum oxide templates

A novel method for preparing nano-supercapacitor arrays, in which each nano-supercapacitor consisted of electropolymerized Polypyrrole (PPy) electrode / porous TiO2 separator / chemical polymerized PPy electrode, was developed in this paper. The nano-supercapacitors were fabricated in the nano array pores of anodic aluminum oxide template using the bottom-up, layer-by-layer synthetic method. The nano-supercapacitor diameter was 80 nm, and length 500 nm. Based on the charge/discharge behavior of nano-supercapacitor arrays, it was found that the PPy/TiO2/PPy array supercapacitor devices performed typical electrochemical supercapacitor behavior. The method introduced here may find application in manufacturing nano-sized electrochemical power storage devices in the future for their use in the area of microelectronic devices and microelectromechanical systems.

Effect of various alkaline-earth metal oxides on the broadband infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silicate glasses

We report on the effect of various alkaline-earth metal oxides on the broadband infrared luminescence covering 1000-1600 nm wavelength region from bismuth-doped silicate glasses. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the infrared luminescence and the fluorescent lifetime is more than 200 nm and 400 mu s, respectively. The fluorescent intensity decreases with increasing basicity of host glasses. Besides the broadband infrared luminescence, luminescence centered at 640 nm was also observed, which should be ascribed to Bi2+ rather than to the familiar Bi3+. We suggest that the infrared luminescence should be assigned to the X-2 (2)Pi (3/2) -> X-1 (2)Pi(1/2) transition of BiO molecules dispersed in the host glasses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.