定向爆破在农田基本建设中的应用

气体动力学基本原理 A编 气体动力学诸方程

目录

A combined statistical model for multiple motifs search

Transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) play key roles in genebior 6.8 wavelet expression and regulation. They are short sequence segments with de¯nite structure and can be recognized by the corresponding transcription factors correctly. From the viewpoint of statistics, the candidates of TFBS should be quite di®erent from the segments that are randomly combined together by nucleotide. This paper proposes a combined statistical model for ¯nding over- represented short sequence segments in di®erent kinds of data set. While the over-represented short sequence segment is described by position weight matrix, the nucleotide distribution at most sites of the segment should be far from the background nucleotide distribution. The central idea of this approach is to search for such kind of signals. This algorithm is tested on 3 data sets, including binding sites data set of cyclic AMP receptor protein in E.coli, PlantProm DB which is a non-redundant collection of proximal promoter sequences from di®erent species, collection of the intergenic sequences of the whole genome of E.Coli. Even though the complexity of these three data sets is quite di®erent, the results show that this model is rather general and sensible.

New Numerical Algorithms in SUPER CE/SE and Their Applications in Explosion Mechanics

The new numerical algorithms in SUPER/CESE and their applications in explosion mechanics are studied. The researched algorithms and models include an improved CE/SE (space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element) method, a local hybrid particle level set method, three chemical reaction models and a two-fluid model. Problems of shock wave reflection over wedges, explosive welding, cellular structure of gaseous detonations and two-phase detonations in the gas-droplet system are simulated by using the above-mentioned algorithms and models. The numerical results reveal that the adopted algorithms have many advantages such as high numerical accuracy, wide application field and good compatibility. The numerical algorithms presented in this paper may be applied to the numerical research of explosion mechanics.

用于掺钛蓝宝石激光系统的高反膜的激光损伤

用电子束蒸发制备了用于掺钛蓝宝石啁啾脉冲放大激光系统的TiO2/HfO2/SiO2高反膜，其带宽约为176nm（R>98%, λ0=800nm），激光损伤阈值（LIDT）为2.4 J/cm2。通过TiO2和HfO2单层膜的透过光谱计算了这两种材料的折射率和消光系数。高反膜的性能主要由高折射率材料决定：折射率越高，反射带越宽；消光系数越小，薄膜吸收越小，LIDT越高。最后，讨论了高反膜的激光损伤机制。

园艺产品采后品质的调控机制

该项目属农业科学技术学科，主要内容涉及到农产品贮藏、园艺采后生物学、植物学等领域。园艺产品品质是影响和制约其贮运保鲜的关键因素，该项目在园艺产品采后品质研究方面取得了重要进展：本项目首次从多酚氧化酶、花色素苷酶、褐变底物和能量亏损等多方面系统性提出了荔枝果实采后褐变机理；确定了香蕉、芒果、草莓等果实采后新的乙烯受体形成特点和规律以及贮藏环境和外源乙烯的响应特性；从乙烯结合位点、乙烯作用和扩展蛋白、苯丙氨酸解氨酶的基因表达等方面阐明了香蕉果实冷害发生的可能原因，丰富了果实冷害发生的作用机制；系统研究荔枝、龙眼、芒果、桃、甜樱桃、柑桔、冬枣、李、西兰花、康乃馨、月季切花等园艺产品采后的生理代谢特点，揭示了在不同贮藏条件下园艺产品品质的变化规律和调控机制；在技术和方法上，首次提出了果实组织ATP、ADP和AMP含量的快速HPLC测定技术；建立新的乙烯结合位点合成速率的测定技术；提出了以电导率为指标，建立了果实品质的定量评价方法，能更好评价/预测园艺产品的品质。该成果揭示了园艺产品采后品质调控的生理代谢特征和规律性变化，对影响品质的关键性问题（如衰老、褐变、冷害等）进行了深入研究，获得了最新成果，在研究方法上也取得了突破。研究成果在国际核心期刊上发表SCI收录论文72篇，获得国际科学基金Jubilee Award，得到国内外同行专家的关注并被广泛引用（被SCI论文引用323篇次）；在荔枝、龙眼等果实采后研究领域处于国际领先地位。

水稻幼苗的低温伤害及其和能量代谢的关系

本实验研究了水稻幼苗低温伤害的机理，并比较了两个抗寒性不同的水稻品种在2—4ºC低温处理一至四天期间和在30℃恢复期间，膜透性、呼吸作用和腺苷酸含量及能荷变化，丙酮酸激酶活性质膜ATPase水解活性和线粒体ATPase磷酸化活性的变化和蛋白质合成速率的变化。结果表明，水稻幼苗相对电导率随低温处理天数的增加而迅速地增加，在抗寒的早二六14中增加较慢，在抗寒性差的二九丰中增加较快。受冷四天的幼苗在3 0ºC下恢复一天后，早二六14的相对电导率能大幅度地下降，而二九丰仍然保持高水平。呼吸活性在低温处理l一3天起伏不定，但到第四天又剧烈地下降，若这时在30℃恢复一天后，呼吸活性又迅速增加。早二六14和二九丰的呼吸活性变化趋势十分相似。低温使幼苗中ATP含量和总腺苷酸含量显著地下降。处理一天后，早二六14和二九丰的ATP含量分别下降75%和78%，总腺苷酸含量都下降68%左右，ADP和AMP含量变化趋势与ATP相似，但下降幅度不如ATP明显，能荷分别从0.80和0.81降低至0.70和0.69 , ATP ∕ ADP比率分别从3∙ 4 7和4.45下降至1.60和1.46。之后继续低温处理，ATP、ADP和AMP含量和能荷及ATP/ADP比率基本上维持稳定。当受冷四天的幼苗在30ºC恢复一天后，ATP含量和总腺苷酸含量在这两个品种都显著地恢复上升，但上升的幅度在早二六1 4中大于二九丰。能荷也能恢复至正常的水平，AT P/ ADP在早二六14中从1.90上升至2.4 4，而在二九丰中没有增加。低温处理后，质膜ATPase活性明显上升，其变化幅度二九丰大于早二六14 ,尤其在2.5天的低温处理后，在二九丰中增加100%，而在早二六14中只增加12%。此外，通过分析质膜人ATPase对不同温度的反应情况，进一步证明了品种间的差异性。利用完整的线粒体在底物ADP的存在下直接侧定ATP产生速度证明了线粒体ATPase磷酸化活性在低温处理四天后显著下降。同时，丙酮酸激酶活性也下降。以3H一亮氨酸标记的实验结果表明，水稻幼苗经低温处理后，蛋白质合成速度显著下降，但在早二六1 4中下降幅度较小，在二九丰中下降幅度较大，并且在低温期间，早二六14的蛋白质合成速度总是明显大于二九丰。当受冷4天的幼苗在30ºC恢复一天后，蛋白质合成速度迅速上升，并超过未经低温处理的对照水平，在早二六14中恢复上升幅度大于二九丰。以上这些结果表明，低温损伤了水稻幼苗细胞膜的结构，使膜透性增加，引起非正常的呼吸，改变了与膜结合的质膜ATPase水解活性和线粒体ATPase磷酸化活性，同时也改变了糖酵解中的丙酮酸激酶活性，造成AT水平、能荷或ATP/ADP比值的下降。由于能量代谢的失调，蛋白质合成过程受到严重障碍，超过一定限定，幼苗不能正常生长而死亡。品种间抗寒性的差异也在上述变化中反映出来。

Peptidomics and genomics analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides from the frog, Rana nigrovittata

Much attention has been paid on amphibian peptides for their wide-ranging pharmacological properties, clinical potential, and gene-encoded origin. More than 300 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from amphibians have been studied. Peptidomics and genomics analysis combined with functional test including microorganism killing, histamine-releasing, and mast cell degranulation was used to investigate antimicrobial peptide diversity. Thirty-four novel AMPs from skin secretions of Rana nigrovittata were identified in current work, and they belong to 9 families, including 6 novel families. Other three families are classified into rugosin, gaegurin, and temporin family of amphibian AMP, respectively. These AMPs share highly conserved preproregions including signal peptides and spacer acidic peptides, while greatly diversified on mature peptides structures. In this work, peptidomics combined with genomics analysis was confirmed to be an effective way to identify amphibian AMPs, especially novel families. Some AMPs reported here will provide leading molecules for designing novel antimicrobial agents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Abnormal regional homogeneity of drug-naive obsessive-compulsive patients

To explore the possible abnormal resting-state activity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of 22 pairs of patients and well-matched healthy controls was calculated. Compared with controls, the patients showed higher ReHo in the left anterior cingulate cortex, but lower ReHo in the left inferior temporal gyrus. These findings supported the abnormal resting-state brain activity in drug-naive OCD patients. No significant correlations between ReHo value and four clinical characteristics were found, suggesting that abnormal ReHo might be trait-related in OCD. NeuroReport 21:786-790 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

幼猴和成年猴颗粒细胞离体下甾体形成的激素调节

用无血清培养技术研究表明: 幼龄和成年恒河猴颗粒细胞在离体下都能对人FSH、环-AMP、FK和GnRH类似物产生反应, 明显增加孕酮和雌激素的产生; hCG能够促进FSH刺激幼猴和年猴颗粒细胞增加孕酮的产生; 在培液中加入DES明显增加FSH刺激孕酮和雌激素产生的效应; 在缺少雌性激素底物的情况下, 猴壳粒细胞也能合成可测量的雌激素。图7参21

阳光紫外辐射对室内水培发状念珠藻生理特性的影响

发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelli forme Bornet & Flahault)是一种重要的陆生经济蓝藻,室内培育出的原植体如何适应阳光辐射的问题尚需探讨。为此,作者将室内水培发菜置于阳光下培养,测定了其生长、有效光化学效率(ΔF/F′m)和色素的变化。结果表明,较高的可见光(PAR,395—700nm)和紫外辐射(UVR,280—395nm)均导致水培发菜的ΔF/F′m下降。第1天中午,PAR和UVR分别使ΔF/F′m下降了54%和13%;傍晚,ΔF/F′m有部分恢复。UVR对发菜适应阳光2

中国淡水微囊藻三个新记录种

迄今为止,全球范围内报道了约50种微囊藻Microcystis,中国记录报道的有19种,但一些描述仍较模糊。最近在云南滇池、武汉东湖和南湖、北京、浙江杭州和绍兴等地野外调查中发现一些微囊藻水华含有较高的多样性,其中有3种微囊藻在中国尚未报道:M.novacekii (Komárek) Compère 1974,M.smithii Komárek & Anagnostidis 1995和M.botrys Teiling 1942。本文对这3个新记录种进行形态特征描述。

黑腹果蝇黑条体突变体突变位点的鉴定

根据果蝇ebony基因的序列设计了一系列特异性引物,对1991年发现的一种黑腹果蝇的新的体色突 变(Qian&Zhang,1994)——黑条体突变型的ebony基因进行克隆和序列测定。与野生型W91910的ebony基因 相比,黑条体突变型的ebony基因的编码区无明显的大片段变异,变异仅存在于数个氨基酸位点,且均不位于 该基因产物的关键序列。在黑条体的ebony基因的5’端序列的克隆和序列测定中发现,与野生型W91910及黑檀体 e’的ebony基因相比,黑条体突变型的ebony基因有一个大片段的缺失,

车轮虫齿体特征的量化及其种内种间系统发育的研究

齿体特征是车轮虫物种鉴定的一个重要依据。本文首次提出一种齿体结构面积比例量化法 ,即通过对齿钩、齿锥、齿棘、齿体环各部分反口面观面积的测量 ,分别计算出前三者与所在齿体的面积比以及所有齿体总面积与齿体环的面积比 ,从而将齿体特征转换为量化指标。依据所测量化值 ,采用相似性聚类法 ,我们首先探讨了显著车轮虫 (TrichodinanobbillisChen ,196 3)的三个种群的亲缘关系 ,然后以劳牧小车轮虫 (TrichodinellalomiXu ,Song&Warren ,1999)为外类群 ,选

圆形碘泡虫和关桥碘泡虫孢子的光镜及扫描电镜观察

对寄生于鲫的圆形碘泡虫 (MyxobolusrotundusNemeczek ,1 91 1 )及异育银鲫的关桥碘泡虫 (M .guanqiaoensisWu&Wang,1 997)的成熟孢子进行光镜及扫描电镜观察。圆形碘泡虫主要寄生于鲫体表、头部、鳃、吻部及鳍条 ,形成许多大小不一的乳白色胞囊。关桥碘泡虫主要寄生于异育银鲫的肝脏 ,肝脏基本上被虫体所充满 ,肝脏组织被破坏。扫描电镜观察表明圆形碘泡虫成熟孢子表面光滑 ,缝脊直而明显 ,宽 0 2 μm ,缝脊上下两侧对称。关桥碘泡虫成熟孢子表面皱褶 ,其