51 resultados para 979


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The electronic structure and optical properties of freestanding GaN wurtzite quantum wires are studied in the framework of six-band effective-mass envelope function theory. It is found that the electron states are either twofold or fourfold degenerate. There is a dark exciton effect when the radius R of GaN wurtzite quantum wires is in the range of [0.7, 10.9] nm. The linear polarization factors are calculated in three cases, the quantum confinement effect (finite long wire), the dielectric effect and both effects (infinitely long wire). It is found that the linear polarization factor of a finite long wire whose length is much less than the electromagnetic wavelength decreases as R increases, is very close to unity (0.979) at R = I nm, and changes from a positive value to a negative value around R = 4.1 nm. The linear polarization factor of the dielectric effect is 0.934, independent of radius, as long as the radius remains much less than the electromagnetic wavelength. The result for the two effects shows that the quantum confinement effect gives a correction to the dielectric effect result. It is found that the linear polarization factor of very long (treated approximately as infinitely long) quantum wires is in the range of [0.8, 1]. The linear polarization factors of the quantum confinement effect of CdSe wurtzite quantum wires are calculated for comparison. In the CdSe case, the linear polarization factor of R = I nm is 0.857, in agreement with the experimental results (Hu et al 2001 Science 292 2060). This value is much smaller than unity, unlike 0.979 in the GaN case, mainly due to the big spin-orbit splitting energy Delta(so) of CdSe material with wurtzite structure.

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Three minutes' growth was carried out to investigate the indium-doping effect on initially grown GaN. Indium-doped and undoped samples were grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Atomic force microscope observation revealed that In-doping modified the morphology of the nuclei. Indium-doping also enhanced wetting between the buffer and nuclei layers, which was also supported by optical transmission. Photoluminescence suggested that indium-doping obviously enhanced band-edge related emission even in the nucleation stage. X-ray diffraction performed on samples grown for 20 minutes indicated improvement of the crystalline quality through indium-doping. The mechanism of the indium-doping effect was discussed.

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目前世界上大多数的电力生产都是以热力发电为主,不管这些电站使用什么样的燃料(煤、石油、煤气、核能…等等),其动力循环大体上都是类似的。它的发电过程都是以水为工质的热力循环,水在锅炉里产生蒸汽,蒸汽再进入汽轮机膨胀作功,带动发电机发出电力。这就是我们所熟悉的朗肯循环。图1是朗肯循环的T—S图

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研究黄土丘陵区植被次生演替灌木群落形成过程中土壤养分的变化情况。【方法】以白羊草群落为对照,选取杠柳、狼牙刺、丁香、虎榛子和柠条5种乡土树种为研究对象,测定其土壤养分含量,计算灌木群落形成变化过程中的土壤养分指数(Soil Nutrient Index,SNI),分析了各养分因子间的线性相关关系。【结果】不同灌木初期对土壤养分的适应能力大小顺序为:柠条(0.072)>狼牙刺(0.114)>杠柳(0.163)>丁香(0.172)>虎榛子(0.292)。不同植被物种群落土壤SNI值大小顺序为:虎榛子群落(0.979)>狼牙刺群落(0.535)>柠条群落(0.457)>丁香群落(0.341)>杠柳群落(0.333)>白羊草群落(0.145)。从不同灌木群落形成过程所产生的土壤养分改善效应来看,各参试群落相对于白羊草群落土壤养分的增幅分别为:虎榛子(4.740倍)、狼牙刺(2.909倍)、柠条(2.661倍)、杠柳(1.169倍)和丁香(1.168倍)。各土壤养分因子间除土壤全磷与有效磷和有效钾的相关性不显著外,其余各土壤养分因子间均表现出极显著的线性相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】不同灌木种群所需的适宜土...

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The rate equations used for measuring spontaneous emission factor beta is examined through the comparison of numerical results, The results show that beta obtained by using total spontaneous emission rate R(sp) = N/tau sp is about double of that using R(sp) = BN2, The magnitude difference between the measured beta and that predicted by classical theory [8] will disappear by using more reasonable R(sp) = BN2. The results also show that the magnitude of beta may be underestimated by ignoring the nonradiative recombination rates.

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利用离子注入和高温退火的方法在Si中生长了C含量为0.6%-1.0%的Si_(1-x)C_x合金,研究了注入过程中产生的损伤缺陷,注入C离子的剂量及退火工艺对合金形成的影响,探讨了合金的形成机理及合金产生的应变分布的起因,如果注入的C离子剂量小于引起Si非晶化的剂量,退火过程中注入产生的损伤缺陷容易与C原子结合形成缺陷团簇,难于形成Si_(1-x)C_x合金,而预先利用Si离子注入引进损伤有利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成;但如果注入的C离子可以引起Si的非晶化,预先注入产生的损伤缺陷不利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成。与慢速退火工艺相比,快速热退火工艺有利于Si_(1-x)C_x合金的形成。离子注入的C原子在空间分布不均匀,退火过程中将形成应变不同的Si_(1-x)C_x合金区域。

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长白山区是东北地区重要的生态功能区,多年以来由于不合理的森林经营导致了森林质量明显下降,生态功能显著退化。因此,分析森林资源变化动态及其影响因素,明确人类活动对森林资源的影响,并提出合理的经营方案,对该区森林资源保护和恢复具有重要意义。本文以具有典型代表性的露水河林业局为研究对象,以1987,1995和2003三期森林资源二类调查资料为主要数据来源,利用ARCGIS、ARCVIEW和FRAGSTATS等软件为技术手段,分析该局资源变化、景观特征及格局变化及其与人为干扰的关系;同时以2003年森林资源二类调查数据为基础,应用景观空间直观模型LANDIS,设定5种不同的采伐预案:对照(无采伐)、方案I(一般公益林和商品林每十年分别采伐总面积的5%和10%+天然更新)、方案II(一般公益林和商品林每十年分别采伐总面积的10%和15%+天然更新)、方案Ⅲ(采伐同方案I+人工更新)和方案Ⅳ(采伐同方案II+人工更新),模拟未来300年森林景观变化,以揭示在不同的经营方案下森林资源的长期演替动态及空间分布特征,结果表明: 1.森林资源的质量发生了显著变化。过去16年间该区森林覆盖率增加了6.9%,但是森林蓄积量下降了60.58万m3;成、过熟林面积持续增加,中龄林面积急剧减少;1987年到1995年该区森林蓄积减少了110万m3,而1995年到2003年间森林蓄积增加了49.7万m3,这些表明1995年到2003年森林经营措施更有利于森林恢复。但中、幼龄林在16年间面积、蓄积持续减少,近年来采伐的主要是中龄林,说明成、过熟林面积的增加是以牺牲中龄林为代价的。 2.森林景观破碎化程度加剧。过去的16年间景观异质性程度加大,景观斑块内部的连通性增强。而景观类型的斑块数、边界密度、蔓延度逐渐增加,散布并列指数、多样性指数和均匀度等指数在逐渐的降低。1987年到2003年斑块数增加了979块,同时最大斑块占景观面积比例逐渐下降,1987年为28.7%,2003年减少到12.7%;由于经营方式变为采阔保针,大量采伐阔叶树种补植针叶树种,景观基质由1987年的阔叶混交林,转变为1995年后的混合景观基质;在斑块水平上阔叶混交林的平均斑块面积下降最多,边界分割程度最高,这表明天然次生林类型受人类干扰最大;从景观指数变化趋势看景观破碎化在1995年到2003年的变化趋势较1987年到1995年的变化趋势有所减缓。 3.LANDIS模型对5种不同的森林管理预案模拟结果表明:无采伐和低强度择伐+人工造林方案到模拟后期不同程度的增加了成、过熟林面积,更有利于增加森林质量和维护森林景观的完整性。人工造林与不造林相比,造林方案显著增加了造林树种的分布面积;造林方案下造林树种的分布面积、成、过熟林面积较其它预案要高,因此,用原始阔叶红松林中的关键种造林,有利于森林结构的优化及向阔叶混交林景观的转化,促进森林质量的提高和景观的恢复。

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本文利用Level Set方法,数值模拟了微重力情况下气泡/液滴的Marangoni迁移现象,分析了Marangoni数对迁移速度的影响.数值模拟结果表明,随着Marangoni数的增大,非线性热对流效应的影响会逐渐增大,导致沿相界面温度分布趋于均匀,从而降低迁移运动的驱动力,使气泡/液滴的迁移速度随Marangoni数的增加而逐渐减小.

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